Search

R3907 --> 605.22 --> Background: The gastrocnemius muscle is a superficial two‐headed muscle located in the posterior compartment of the leg, consisting of two heads: medial head and lateral head. The gastrocnemius muscle plays a significant role in our daily activities because its function is plantar flexing the foot at the ankle joint and flexing the leg at the knee joint. We report a very rare case of fatty gastrocnemius. Methods: The abnormal gastrocnemius muscles were encountered during the dissection of the lower limbs of a 63‐year‐old female cadaver. For histological examination, muscular samples were sectioned from the top, middle, and bottom of two heads of both legs. A total of six muscular slides, nerve slides, artery slides were all stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stains. Slides were analyzed using light microscopy. Result: For anatomy analysis, the medial heads of both gastrocnemius muscles of the lower limbs are completely infiltrated by adipose tissue. But the lateral heads of gastrocnemius muscles on both sides are almost healthy. Only the bottom of the lateral head of gastrocnemius muscles shows adipose tissue, but the middle and topdo not. Additionally, the medial heads connect to the tibial nerve and arteries normally. No abnormal adipose tissue was observed in other muscles throughout the body. For histological analysis, the entire medial heads and the bottom lateral heads are replaced by adipose cells, but the middle and top of the lateral heads are healthy muscle cells. No abnormalities or pathologies were observed in the nerves or arteries. Conclusion: Both medial heads of the gastrocnemius muscle appear to have become adipose tissue. While no underlying cause was identified it appears the pathology was spreading to the medial head. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), which is caused by a novel Bunyavirus, has gradually become a threatening infectious disease in rural areas of Asia. Studies have identified a severe cytokine storm and impaired humoral immune response in SFTS. However, the cellular immune response to SFTS virus (SFTSV) infection remains largely unknown. Here we report that SFTS patients had a cytokine storm accompanied by high levels of chemokines. CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of SFTS patients exhibited a more activated phenotype and enhanced the antiviral responses. They increased the expression of CD69 and CD25, secreted a higher level of IFN‐γ and granzyme, and had a stronger proliferative ability than in healthy controls. In convalescent SFTS patients, the expression of CD69 and CD25 on CD8+ T cells was reduced. In addition, we found the ratio and cellularity of CD14+CD16+ intermediate monocytes were increased in peripheral blood of SFTS patients. Both the expression of C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) on CD14+CD16+ intermediate monocytes and the expression of C‐X‐C motif chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) on CD8+ T cells increased dramatically in SFTS patients. Our studies reveal a potential pathway that CD8+ T cells rapidly activate and are mostly recruited by intermediate monocytes through CXCL10 in SFTSV infection. Our results may be of clinical relevance for further treatment and discharge instructions in SFTSV infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]