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All over the world, prevalence and incidence rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus are rising rapidly. Several trials have demonstrated that prevention by lifestyle intervention is (cost-) effective. This calls for translation of these trials to primary health care. This article gives an overview of the translation of the SLIM diabetes prevention intervention to a Dutch real-life setting and discusses the role of primary health care in implementing lifestyle intervention programmes. Currently, a 1-year pilot study, consisting of a dietary and physical activity part, performed by three GPs, three practice nurses, three dieticians and four physiotherapists is being conducted. The process of translating the SLIM lifestyle intervention to regular primary health care is measured by means of the process indicators: reach, acceptability, implementation integrity, applicability and key factors for success and failure of the intervention. Data will be derived from programme records, observations, focus groups and interviews. Based on these results, our programme will be adjusted to fit the role conception of the professionals and the organization structure in which they work. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]