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Machining performance of AISI 316 stainless steel turning under dry and spray impingement cooling environments was investigated. The input parameters such as depth of cut, feed rate, cutting speed, water pressure and air pressure were considered for the spray assisted turning with uncoated carbide inserts. All the experiments were carried out using Taguchi based L16 orthogonal array of the design of experiments. Cutting tool temperature, chip temperature, surface roughness and tool flank wear were the measured machining performance responses. The machining performance responses were simultaneously optimized using Taguchi based Weighted Principal Component Analysis approach. The optimal combination of the machining parameters under spray impingement cooling was found to be 0.2 mm depth of cut, 0.04 mm/rev of feed rate, 66 m/min of cutting speed, 3.5 bar of water pressure and 1.5 bar of air pressure. The optimized result was verified through confirmatory experiments and an improvement in the SN ratio of 18.1540 dB for Combined Quality Loss (CQL) was obtained. Machining under spray impingement cooling environment was most effective in turning AISI 316 steel in comparison with dry machining since reduction in chip temperatures were found out to be greater than 300%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]