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OBJECTIVE: To probe into the efficacy of Escitalopram oxalate tablets combined with modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) in patients with bipolar disorder and depressive episode and its effects on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). METHODS: This study was a prospective randomized controlled trial, which started in Mar. 2019 and ended in Oct. 2020. A total of 114 patients with bipolar disorder and depressive episode admitted into Jining Psychiatric Hospital were extracted, and the sample size was determined by the sample size of the superiority test. Excel function was used to generate 114 random numbers, and patients were assigned according to the order of admission. Odd and even numbers were set as control group and study group respectively. During the clinical investigation, there were 7 cases of missed and lost follow-up, and 107 cases completed the experiment, including 53 cases in the control group and 54 cases in the study group. The control group was treated with MECT, while the study group received Escitalopram oxalate tablets combined with MECT. The depression status of two groups before treatment and after treatment of 8 weeks was evaluated by Hamilton Depression Scale-17 (HAMD-17), and the serum BDNF level was detected, cognitive function was assessed by Trail Making Test (TMT), the efficacy was evaluated and the incidence of adverse drug reactions was analyzed. RESULTS: The total effective rate of the study group was 92. 59% (50/54), significantly higher than 71. 70% (38/53) of the control group, with statistically significant difference (P<0. 05). After treatment, the HAMD-17 score of two groups was significantly lower than that before treatment, and the HAMD-17 score of the study group as lower than that of the control group, with statistically significant difference (P<0. 05). After treatment, the serum BDNF level of two groups was significantly higher than that before treatment, and the serum BDNF level of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group, with statistically significant difference (P<0. 05). After treatment, TMT-A and TMT-B of two groups were significantly shorter than those before treatment, and those of the study group were significantly shorter than those of the control group, with statistically significant difference (P < 0. 05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, short-term memory disorder between two groups (P > 0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of Escitalopram oxalate tablets combined with MECT in patients with bipolar disorder and depressive episode is significant, which can significantly alleviate the depression, effectively increase the level of BDNF and improve the cognitive function with higher safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy, safety and economy of icodextrin peritoneal dialysate based on rapid health technology assessment (HTA), so as to provide evidence-based medical-evidence information for clinical decision-makers. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang Data and the official website of HTA institutions were searched systematically (the retrieval time was from the establishment of the database to Jun. 2022) to collect HTA reports, systematic review / Meta-analysis, and pharmacoeconomic studies related to icodextrin peritoneal dialysate. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, two researchers independently screened articles, evaluated quality and extracted data, and qualitative analysis was performed on the data results. RESULTS: A total of 6 systematic review / Meta-analysis and 1 economic study were included. (1) In terms of effectiveness, compared with glucose peritoneal dialysis liquid, icodextrin peritoneal dialysate could significantly increase the ultrafiltration volume and peritoneal urea clearance rate, reduce free fatty acids and reduce the risk of ultrafiltration failure in patients during prolonged abdominal retention. (2) In terms of safety, the incidence of peritonitis associated with peritoneal dialysis and the incidence of total adverse drug reactions were not inferior to those of icodextrin peritoneal dialysate. (3) In terms of economics, icodextrin peritoneal dialysate was economical under the premise that it could delay the time of patients transferring from peritoneal dialysis to hemodialysis. CONCLUSIONS: Icodextrin peritoneal dialysate has good efficacy and safety in clinical treatment of peritoneal dialysis patients, but whether it is economic needs more relevant studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy, safety and economy of icodextrin peritoneal dialysate based on rapid health technology assessment (HTA), so as to provide evidence-based medical-evidence information for clinical decision-makers. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang Data and the official website of HTA institutions were searched systematically (the retrieval time was from the establishment of the database to Jun. 2022) to collect HTA reports, systematic review / Meta-analysis, and pharmacoeconomic studies related to icodextrin peritoneal dialysate. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, two researchers independently screened articles, evaluated quality and extracted data, and qualitative analysis was performed on the data results. RESULTS: A total of 6 systematic review / Meta-analysis and 1 economic study were included. (1) In terms of effectiveness, compared with glucose peritoneal dialysis liquid, icodextrin peritoneal dialysate could significantly increase the ultrafiltration volume and peritoneal urea clearance rate, reduce free fatty acids and reduce the risk of ultrafiltration failure in patients during prolonged abdominal retention. (2) In terms of safety, the incidence of peritonitis associated with peritoneal dialysis and the incidence of total adverse drug reactions were not inferior to those of icodextrin peritoneal dialysate. (3) In terms of economics, icodextrin peritoneal dialysate was economical under the premise that it could delay the time of patients transferring from peritoneal dialysis to hemodialysis. CONCLUSIONS: Icodextrin peritoneal dialysate has good efficacy and safety in clinical treatment of peritoneal dialysis patients, but whether it is economic needs more relevant studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of clinical pharmacists in the management of drug therapy during the treatment of patients with digoxin, so as to promote the rational application of digoxin. METHODS: The analysis report of blood concentration monitoring results by clinical pharmacists, clinical diagnosis and treatment data of 637 inpatients with digoxin were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Among the 637 patients, there were 107 cases (16.80%) with the blood concentration of digoxin <0.5 ng/ml, 349 cases (54.79%) with the blood concentration of digoxin as the effective treatment blood concentration (0.5-2.0 ng/ml), and 181 cases (28.41%) of digoxin blood concentration >2.0 ng/ml. The blood drug concentration of goxin was affected by patient’s age, gender, renal function, drug combination and other factors. Clinical pharmacists provided individualized pharmaceutical services for patients, which improved the efficacy and reduced the incidence of adverse drug reactions. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical pharmacists actively carry out individualized pharmacy service during the treatment of patients with digoxin, promote the rational application of digoxin, improve the level of drug therapy, and ensure the medical safely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To rapidly evaluate the efficacy, safety and economy of butylphthalide in the treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease, so as to provide reference for clinical and policy makers. METHODS: The Chinese and English data and official websites of health technology assessment (HTA) institutions at home and abroad such as CNKI, Wanfang Data, PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were retrieved to collect the HTA report, systematic review / Meta-analysis and pharmacoeconomics study of butylphthalide in the treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Qualitative description was used to summarize the included studies. RESULTS: A total of 39 articles were enrolled, including 22 systematic reviews/ Meta-analysis, 15 pharmacoeconomic studies, and 2 articles with Meta-analysis and pharmacoeconomic studies at the same time. Results of pooled analysis showed that butylphthalide, compared with other drugs in improving circulation or as an addition to conventional treatment, could improve the effective rate of ischemic cerebrovascular disease, and improve the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, Barthel index rating scale score, activity of daily living scale score, China Stroke Scale score and the level of examination laboratory indicators. The total incidence of adverse drug reactions in the butylphthalide intervention group was similar to that in the control group, yet there might be a certain risk in the impact on liver function, which should be paid attention to in the clinical application. In terms of drug economy, there is no unified conclusion whether butylphthalide intervention group had better economy than the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Butylphthalide is effective and safe in the treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease, yet its economy needs to be further evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To comprehensively evaluate the glycididazole sodium for injection from six dimensions: effectiveness, safety, economy, innovation, suitability and accessibility. METHODS: Embase, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, CBM, Wanfang Data, NIHR and other databases were retrieved to analyze the effectiveness, safety and economy of glycididazole sodium for injection by rapid health technology assessment. The innovation, suitability and accessibility of drugs were analyzed by searching professional websites such as the National Medical Products Administration and the Drug Evaluation Center of the National Medical Products Administration, as well as pharmacopoeia and drug instructions of various countries. RESULTS: The study protocol was radiotherapy combined with glycididazole sodium for injection compared with radiotherapy alone or concurrent chemoradiotherapy combined with glycididazole sodium for injection compared with concurrent chemoradiotherapy. (1) In terms of effectiveness, 6 studies showed that glycididazole sodium for injection could significantly improve the short-term efficacy and 1-year to 3-year survival rate of patients treated with radiotherapy for esophageal cancer. Four studies showed that glycididazole sodium for injection could improve the short-term and long-term survival rate in patients treated with radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. One study showed that glycididazole sodium for injection could improve the short-term efficacy in patients with concurrent chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer. Another study showed that glycididazole sodium for injection could improve the short-term efficacy and reduce the radiation dose in patients with concurrent chemoradiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. (2) In terms of safety, glycididazole sodium for injection has been included in the 2020 edition of the National Health Insurance Directory. Six studies showed that glycididazole sodium for injection did not increase radiotherapy related adverse drug reactions including esophagitis, leukopenia, mucosal reactions, and bone marrow transplantation in patients with radiotherapy for esophageal cancer. Three studies showed that glycididazole sodium for injection did not increase radiotherapy related adverse drug reactions in patients with radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Two studies showed that glycididazole sodium for injection did not increase adverse drug reactions in patients with concurrent chemoradiotherapy for esophageal and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. (3) In terms of economics, compared with radiotherapy alone, the combination of glycididazole sodium for injection was economical in both esophageal and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. (4) In terms of innovation, the synthesis process of glycididazole sodium for injection and the preparation method of glycididazole sodium composition had been patented. (5) In terms of suitability, the quality of glycididazole sodium for injection was controllable, and the suitability was reduced by intravenous administration. (6) In terms of accessibility, glycididazole sodium for injection was a kind of domestic drugs, and the supply range of registered manufacturers was large. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of glycididazole sodium for injection as sensitizer on the basis of radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy has significant efficacy and safety for patients with esophageal cancer and head and neck malignancies. The use of glycididazole sodium for injection as sensitizer in esophageal cancer and nasopharyngeal cancer populations is economical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To comprehensively evaluate sodium aescinate for injection from effectiveness, safety, economy, innovation, suitability and accessibility. METHODS: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, CBM, CNKI, Wanfang Data and WebCRD were systematically retrieved. The rapid health technology assessment (HTA) was used to analyze the effectiveness, safety and economy of sodium aescinate for injection. National Medical Products Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation of National Medical Products Administration and other professional websites, pharmacopoeia and drug instructions of various countries were retrieved to analyze the innovation, suitability and accessibility of sodium aescinate for injection. RESULTS: (1) In terms of effectiveness and safety, the study population included cerebral edema induced by cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral edema induced by cerebral ischemia, swelling induced by surgery and swelling induced by trauma. The study protocol was sodium aescinate for injection versus mannitol, sodium aescinate for injection versus other positive drugs, sodium aescinate for injection versus blank control, sodium aescinate for injection combined with mannitol versus mannitol, sodium aescinate for injection combined with edaravone versus edaravone, sodium aescinate for injection combined with edaravone versus sodium aescinate for injection, sodium aescinate for injection combined with edaravone versus blank control, the study group and the control group were given routine treatment. Sodium aescinate for injection alone or in combination with positive drugs such as mannitol could significantly improve the treatment efficiency and reduce the incidence of adverse drug reactions. (2) In terms of economics, the application of sodium aescinate for injection combined with mannitol in trauma-induced swelling had the best incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio in patients with cerebral infarction was inferior to low molecular weight heparin sodium. Sodium aescinate for injection was the class B drug under medical insurance, which had limitations on reimbursement. (3) In terms of innovation, sodium aescinate for injection had two patents in analysis and detection methods and preparation methods. (4) In terms of suitability, the quality standard of sodium aescinate for injection was the national standard, and the injection dosage form had a certain influence on the suitability of drug use. (5) In terms of accessibility, the registered production enterprises of sodium aescinate for injection were located in 11 provinces and municipalities directly under the central government, and the supply of sodium aescinate for injection was well accessible. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical effectiveness and safety of sodium aescinate for injection in patients with cerebral edema induced by hemorrhagic stroke, cerebral edema induced by ischemic stroke, swelling induced by surgery and swelling of traumatic body are significant. The economy of single drug in patients with cerebral edema induced by ischemic stroke and swelling induced by trauma is medium. There are no economic studies on the use of sodium aescinate for injection in patients with surgical swelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To perform clinical comprehensive evaluation of L-carnitine oral solution from six dimensions of effectiveness, safety, economy, innovation, suitability and accessibility. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang Data, CBM and CRDWeb were systematically retrieved( the search deadline was from database establishment to Oct. 2020). The Rapid Health Technology Assessment method was used to analyze the effectiveness, safety and economy of L-carnitine oral solution. The innovation, suitability and accessibility of drugs were analyzed by searching the professional websites of the National Medical Products Administration, Drug Evaluation Center of the National Medical Products Administration, pharmacopoeia of various countries and drug instructions. RESULTS: In terms of efficacy and safety, L-carnitine oral solution could significantly improve the levels of fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein and insulin resistance in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hemodialysis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, elderly and other diseases; relieve the neurogenic pain symptoms; reduce the levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and other inflammatory markers and hepatic enzymes; improve the male infertility symptoms. And the results of secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease such as all-cause death, also showed a better effect. Security data needs to be added. Economically, the drug had been included in the 2020 Chinese National Medical Insurance Catalogue, and no economic studies were available for the drug. The solution process of the drug was patented, yet there were no other innovative features. In terms of suitability, the oral solution of L-carnitine had better compliance than the injectable form. In terms of accessibility, the locations of domestic drug manufacturers included five provinces and municipalities directly under the central government, concentrated in the northeast. CONCLUSIONS: L-carnitine oral solution is effective in the treatment of diseases of several systems, including endocrine, with moderate appropriateness and accessibility, and safety and economics need to be further studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the efficacy and safety of 0. 5% levofloxacin eye drops in the treatment of ocular bacterial infectious diseases in adults and children. METHOEDS: Randomized controlled trials on 0. 5% levofloxacin eye drops in the treatment of ocular bacterial infectious diseases in adults and children (the research group was treated with 0. 5% levofloxacin eye drops, while the control group was given other positive therapeutic agents) from base-building to Apr. 2020 were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrail. gov, CNKI, Wanfang Data and CBM were retrieved for Meta-analysis. RESULTS: The effectiveness and safety of 0. 5% levofloxacin eye drops in the treatment of hordeolum in adults were better than those of 0. 3% levofloxacin eye drops, while the difference was not statistically significant (P>0. 05). The total effective rate of 0. 5% levofloxacin eye drops in the treatment of bacterial keratitis was significantly higher than that of 0. 3% ofloxacin eye drops, with statistically significant difference (P<0. 05); the total effective rates of 0. 5% levofloxacin eye drops in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis in children and severe bacterial keratitis and conjunctivitis in adults were higher than those of 0. 3% ofloxacin eye drops, while the difference was not statistically significant (P>0. 05). The effectiveness of 0. 5% levofloxacin eye drops in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis in adults was better than that of 0. 3% norfloxacin eye drops, while the difference was not statistically significant (P>0. 05). The total effective rate of 0. 5% levofloxacin eye drops in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis in adults was inferior to that of 0. 3% gatifloxacin eye drops, and the difference in safety outcomes was not statistically significant ( P > 0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the 3rd generation fluoroquinolones including 0. 3% levofloxacin eye drops, 0. 3% ofloxacin eye drops and 0. 3% of norfloxacin eye drops, 0. 5% levofloxacin eye drops has comparable or better effectiveness in the treatment of various types of ocular bacterial infectious diseases in adults and children, while it’ s inferior to the 4th generation fluoroquinolones 0. 3% of gatifloxacin eye drops; with good overall safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the clinical efficacy of Kang’ ai injection combined with paclitaxel and carboplatin in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer and its effects on inflammatory factors. METHODS: Eightyfour triple-negative breast cancer patients admitted into the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao from May 2019 to May 2021 were extracted to be divided into the control group and the treatment group via the random number table, with 42 cases in each group. The control group was treated with paclitaxel and carboplatin regimen, while the treatment group received Kang’ai injection combined with paclitaxel and carboplatin. The levels of tumor markers [carcinoembryonic antigen ( CEA), carbohydrate antigen 153 ( CA153 ), carbohydrate antigen 125 ( CA125 )], immune function (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+ / CD8+ ), QOL-BREF score, serum inflammatory factors [C-reactive protein ( CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6(IL-6)] of two groups were compared, and the clinical efficacy and adverse drug reactions were recorded. RESULTS: The total effective rate of treatment group was higher than that of control group [92. 86% (39 / 42) vs. 73. 81% (31 / 42)], the difference was statistically significant (P = 0. 019). After treatment, the levels of tumor markers in two groups decreased significantly, and the levels of CEA, CA153 and CA125 in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0. 05). Compared with before treatment, CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+ / CD8 + in two groups increased, and CD8+ decreased after treatment; compared with the control group, CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+ / CD8 + in the treatment group were higher, and CD8+ was lower after treatment, the differences were statistically significant (P<0. 05). Compared with before treatment, the QOL-BREF score of two groups increased after treatment, and the QOL-BREF score of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group after treatment, the differences were statistically significant (P<0. 05). After treatment, the levels of serum inflammatory factors in two groups decreased significantly; compared with the control group, the levels of CRP, TNF-α and IL-6 in the treatment group were lower after treatment, the differences were statistically significant (P<0. 05). The incidence of adverse drug reactions in the treatment group was 7. 14% (3 / 42), lower than 23. 81% (10 / 42) in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P = 0. 035). CONCLUSIONS: The clinical efficacy of Kang’ ai injection combined with paclitaxel and carboplatin in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer is significant, which can not only reduce the levels of tumor markers and inflammatory factors, but improve the immune function and patients’ quality of life with few adverse drug reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]