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Purpose: The article presents in a multifaceted way the necessity of interventionism in aspects of the social economy. Design/Methodology/Approach: The issues were examined on the basis of an analysis of the available source literature and the conclusions of the research conducted. The research methods used in the paper include a critical analysis of the source literature. To complement the literature studies undertaken, it was decided to conduct qualitative research on social economy entities and among social economy experts. Findings: The paper points to possible actions that can be taken to develop the social economy. Practical Implications: The results obtained can be used to formulate a model of state policy in the aspect of social economy development. Originality/value: The issues in such a context as the one presented in the article have not been studied in Polish and foreign literature., peer-reviewed

Purpose: This research aims to identify and assess the socio-economic determinants of Central Pomerania household indebtedness (at the household level) using non-parametric statistical tests and multiple correspondence analysis. Design/Methodology/Approach: The source of data was a survey conducted among 1,000 households of Central Pomerania (Poland). First, it was determined whether there exists a statistically significant relationship between having debt and the socio-economic characteristics of the households analyzed (using the chi-square test or the Fisher test). Next, a multiple correspondence analysis was used to identify and assess relationships between the categories of features that characterize the surveyed households' indebtedness. Findings: Using non-parametric statistical tests, it was established that there is a statistically significant relationship between debt and the following household characteristics: development phase, size and composition of the household, socio-economic type, location of the household, a form of residential unit ownership, age of the household head, having economic education by the head of the household, and the level of average monthly income per person in the household. The most often indebted households were those whose main source of income was self-employment, with the number of members exceeding 3 persons and households with dependent children. Practical Implications: The results obtained in this research may be sources of information for credit institutions interested in adjusting the product offer to households' needs because these households - as our research results show - differ in several socio-economic characteristics. Originality/Value: Our study complements the results of previous research on household debt determinants, confirming the important role of socio-economic factors in the process of making financial decisions regarding debt., peer-reviewed

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to assess the demographic and economic situation of the Szczecin Metropolitan Area (SMA) with the application of mathematical models that served as the basis for classifying individual communes of the SMA into typological groups with similar demographic and economic potential. Design/Methodology/Approach: To ensure the most objective description of the said phenomena, statistical indicators (selected mostly based on their availability at the level of commune and repeatability over the study period) were used and assigned to specific areas. The main data source was the Local Data Bank kept by the Central Statistical Office of Poland (GUS). Classical statistical methods and multidimensional analysis were employed to analyze the variables. Variability analysis and correlation analysis were used to select variables for analysis. The zero unitarization method was applied to standardize variables. Findings: Research findings confirmed the hypothesis that the demographic and economic situation of the SMA is rather varied, i.e., the lowest demographic potential is observed in the large cities of the SMA, whereas the highest demographic potential is recorded in communes adjacent to the large cities. In contrast, the highest economic potential is found in the largest cities of the Szczecin Metropolitan Area. Practical Implications: From the socio-economic perspective, local communities' demographic potential is an important component of the development opportunities of a region. Originality/value: The methodology employed for the analysis proved that demographic changes have and will continue to impact decision processes about a specific area and the overall socio-economic well-being of the metropolitan area., peer-reviewed