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Objectives: To evaluate the potential of sodium MRI to detect changes over time of apparent sodium concentration (ASC) in articular cartilage in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).Methods: The cartilage of 12 patients with knee OA were scanned twice over a period of approximately 16 months with two sodium MRI sequences at 7 T: without fluid suppression (radial 3D) and with fluid suppression by adiabatic inversion recovery (IR). Changes between baseline and follow-up of mean and standard deviation of ASC (in mM), and their rate of change (in mM/day), were measured in the patellar, femorotibial medial and lateral cartilage regions for each subject. A matched-pair Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to assess significance of the changes.Results: Changes in mean and in standard deviation of ASC, and in their respective rate of change over time, were only statistically different when data was acquired with the fluid-suppressed sequence. A significant decrease (p = 0.001) of approximately 70 mM in mean ASC was measured between the two IR scans.Conclusion: Quantitative sodium MRI with fluid suppression by adiabatic IR at 7 T has the potential to detect a decrease of ASC over time in articular cartilage of patients with knee osteoarthritis.Key Points: • Sodium MRI can detect apparent sodium concentration (ASC) in cartilage • Longitudinal study: sodium MRI can detect changes in ASC over time • Potential for follow-up studies of cartilage degradation in knee osteoarthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate cartilage repair and native tissue using a three-dimensional (3D), radial, ultra-short echo time (UTE) (23)Na MR sequence without and with an inversion recovery (IR) preparation pulse for fluid suppression at 7 Tesla (T).Methods: This study had institutional review board approval. We recruited 11 consecutive patients (41.5 ± 11.8 years) from an orthopaedic surgery practice who had undergone a knee cartilage restoration procedure. The subjects were examined postoperatively (median = 26 weeks) with 7-T MRI using: proton-T2 (TR/TE = 3,000 ms/60 ms); sodium UTE (TR/TE = 100 ms/0.4 ms); fluid-suppressed, sodium UTE adiabatic IR. Cartilage sodium concentrations in repair tissue ([Na(+)](R)), adjacent native cartilage ([Na(+)](N)), and native cartilage within the opposite, non-surgical compartment ([Na(+)](N2)) were calculated using external NaCl phantoms.Results: For conventional sodium imaging, mean [Na(+)](R), [Na(+)](N), [Na(+)](N2) were 177.8 ± 54.1 mM, 170.1 ± 40.7 mM, 172.2 ± 30 mM respectively. Differences in [Na(+)](R) versus [Na(+)](N) (P = 0.59) and [Na(+)](N) versus [Na(+)](N2) (P = 0.89) were not significant. For sodium IR imaging, mean [Na(+)](R), [Na(+)](N), [Na(+)](N2) were 108.9 ± 29.8 mM, 204.6 ± 34.7 mM, 249.9 ± 44.6 mM respectively. Decreases in [Na(+)](R) versus [Na(+)](N) (P = 0.0.0000035) and [Na(+)](N) versus [Na(+)](N2) (P = 0.015) were significant.Conclusions: Sodium IR imaging at 7 T can suppress the signal from free sodium within synovial fluid. This may allow improved assessment of [Na(+)] within cartilage repair and native tissue.Key Points: • NaIR magnetic resonance imaging can suppress signal from sodium within synovial fluid. • NaIR MRI thus allows assessment of sodium concentration within cartilage tissue alone. • This may facilitate more accurate assessment of repair tissue composition and quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]