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Background Young adults in Neither in Employment, Education nor Training (NEET) are at risk of adverse labour market outcomes. Earlier studies often measured NEET status at one time point or compared persistent NEETs with non-NEETs, neglecting other patterns of NEET status. Evidence on early life factors associated with NEET patterns is lacking. This study aims to (i) identify patterns of NEET status over time and (ii) examine whether factors in childhood and adolescence are associated with these patterns. Methods Data were used from 1499 participants of the TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS), a Dutch prospective cohort study with 15-year follow-up. NEET status was assessed at ages 19, 22 and 26. Socioeconomic status of parents (SES), intelligence and negative life events were measured at age 11, educational attainment at age 26 and mental health problems at ages 11, 13.5 and 16. Data were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results Four NEET patterns were identified: (i) non-NEETs (85.2%), (ii) early NEETs (4.5%), (iii) late NEETs (5.7%) and (iv) persistent NEETs (4.5%). Reporting internalizing problems at age 11 was a risk factor for early and late NEETs [odds ratio (OR) 2.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16–6.62; OR 5.00, 95% CI 2.22–11.3, respectively]. Low parental SES, lower intelligence scores and negative life events (≥3) were risk factors for persistent NEETs (OR 4.45, 95% CI 2.00–9.91; OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94–0.98; OR 4.42, 95% CI 1.62–12.08, respectively). Conclusions The results highlight the importance of timing and duration of NEET status and emphasize the need for tailored interventions to prevent specific NEET patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Physical activity (PA) can reduce young peoples' risk of depressive symptoms. Associations between PA and depressive symptoms are often investigated over timeframes spanning minutes to weeks. Less is known about whether childhood/adolescent PA can predict depressive symptoms in early adulthood. Methods Using a nationally representative sample from Ireland, latent growth mixture modelling was performed to investigate the extent to which different PA trajectories existed from ages 9–17, whether gender, weight status, and socio-economic deprivation at age 9, predicted PA trajectories from ages 9–17, and whether trajectory class membership predicted depressive symptoms at age 20. Results A 4-class solution was the best fit to the data (AIC = 52 175.69; BIC = 52 302.69; ssaBIC = 52 245.49; entropy = 1.00). Classes were labelled according to their baseline PA and slope of their trajectory: 'High-Decreasers'; 'Moderate-Decreasers'; 'Moderate-Stable'; and 'Low-Increasers'. A negative linear association existed between activity trajectory and the likelihood class members were female, overweight or socioeconomically deprived at age 9. The most active class (High-Decreasers) were significantly less likely to report depressive symptoms at age 20 than other classes. Conclusions Multiple PA trajectories exist throughout childhood and adolescence although differences in PA levels reduced over time. The most/least active children continued to be the most/least active throughout adolescence. Those most active were least at risk of depressive symptoms in early adulthood. Being female, overweight or experiencing deprivation at age 9 were all risk factors for inactivity throughout adolescence. Findings have implications for public health and PA promotion in young people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background In developing evidence-based physical activity (PA) guidelines for youth, a knowledge gap exists regarding the health effects of sedentary time (SED). The aim of this study was to determine the joint associations of moderate- and vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA) and SED with adiposity during adolescence. Methods The study sample was 2619 non-obese participants (56.7% female) from the UK Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Accelerometer-measured MVPA and SED at age 11, 13, 15 years and self-reported TV viewing at age 13 and 16 years were used to create two exposure variables: six MVPA&SED combinations based on two MVPA patterns [≥60 (active) and <60 min/day (inactive)] and three SED patterns [≈25 (low), ≈30 (middle) and ≈35 min/h (high)] and six MVPA&TV combinations based on two MVPA patterns and three TV viewing patterns [<1–2 (low), 1–2 (middle) and >1–2 h/day (high)]. Adiposity was evaluated using fat mass index (FMI) at age 17 years. Results SED was not significantly associated with FMI in either active or inactive adolescents. However, higher TV viewing was associated with higher FMI in both active [adjusted FMI = 4.53 vs. 5.09 (95% CI = 4.87, 5.33) for low TV vs. high TV] and inactive adolescents [adjusted FMI = 4.91 vs. 5.21 (95% CI = 5.02, 5.39) for low TV vs. high TV]. Conclusions Higher TV viewing time, but not total SED, was prospectively associated with higher adiposity among both active and inactive adolescents, suggesting a specific sedentary behavior target for public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Policy action is required to address physical inactivity in boys and girls. This action can be supported by international data collection, comparisons and sharing of good practices. Thus, this study aims to present and discuss the ongoing monitoring of physical activity (PA) indicators in children and adolescents in the 28 EU Member States. Methods Data on PA recommendations, PA prevalence, physical education (PE) and PA promotion programs for children and adolescents were provided by governments in a joint EU/WHO survey on the implementation status of the EU Council Recommendation on Health-Enhancing Physical Activity (HEPA) across Sectors. Results In 23 countries, national recommendations on PA are available. Detailed PA prevalence data among children and adolescents was available in 27 countries, in most cases separately for sex/gender and age groups. The total amount of PE lessons in schools differed greatly between countries and lessons were predominantly mandatory. After-school HEPA promotion programs were mostly implemented in EU Member States (78.6%), followed by active school breaks (57.1%), active travel to school (57.1%) and active breaks during school lessons (53.6%). Conclusions This study summarizes the monitoring of PA indicators among children and adolescents in all EU Member States by providing a comprehensive overview of the status of PA promotion and monitoring across the region. Based on our findings, it could be concluded that the current EU monitoring system on PA promotion should be adapted to provide evidence that can inform future policy development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease transmitted by the bite of sandflies that can affect different body systems. It is stated that 350 million people in the world are at risk of infection [1, 2]. Dermatological disorders as like cutaneous leishmaniasis are known to have negative effects on the psychosocial status and quality of life of children [3]. The aim of this study was to determine the psychosocial status and dermatological quality of life before and after treatment, the duration of positive changes after treatment, and other factors that affect the changes due to treatment in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL) aged 6-17 years. Methods: This follow-up study was conducted at the Sanliurfa Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Diagnosis and Treatment Center(SCLDTC) between December 2019 and November 2020. The study included 48 children aged 6-17 years, who applied to the SCLDTC with the suspicion of CL, were diagnosed with CL, and who accepted intralesional treatment with pentavalent antimony compounds. Results: The median age of the children participating in the study was 11.5(mean 11.4 2.7) years. The lesions were present in the facial area in 41.7% of the patients. The families of 47.9% of the patients were seasonal agricultural workers. It was found that social anxiety score and dermatological quality of life score in children started to decrease at the end of the 3rd month after treatment and continued to decrease at the end of the 6th month after treatment. It was found that depression and stigma scores started to decrease at the end of the 3rd month after treatment and remained at the same level until the end of 6 months(p < 0.05). Conclusions: It was observed that psychosocial status and quality of life, which were negatively affected by CL lesions in children, changed positively with treatment. Furthermore, it was found that this improvement lasted at least 6 months in different dimensions and at different rates. Key messages: It was observed that the negative effects in social anxiety, depression, dermatological quality of life, and stigmatization scores, continued for 6 months despite the treatment. Children in the 7–11 age group and children of SAW families should be considered as a high-risk group in terms of psychosocial burden associated with the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Daily MileTM is a free school-based active mile intervention. Its main features include that children run or jog for 15 minutes at least 3 times a week (3x/wk) during school hours. The Daily Mile Foundation recommends 10 principles for successful implementation. These are it is (1) quick (15 minutes), (2) fun, (3) whole school participates, (4) it takes place in all weathers, (5) 3x/wk in addition to curricular lessons (not during PE, breaks, before/after school), (6) ideally in the school playground, (7) safe, (8) simple (no equipment), (9) children go at their own pace and (10) no change of clothes or shoes is needed. The aim of this study was to identify how many Greater London primary schools adopting The Daily Mile implement its 10 principles. Methods: In September 2020, we sent all state-funded primary schools (n = 1721) in every Greater London borough (n = 32) a survey to find out if and how they implemented The Daily Mile. Results: By June 2021, 368 (21%) schools responded to our survey (at least one from every London borough). Of these, 195 (53%) schools adopted The Daily Mile of which only 7 (4%) reported implementing all 10 principles; a median 7 (IQR: 6,8) principles were reported implemented. Whole school participation was reported by 93 (48%) Daily Mile schools, 104 (53%) reported implementing The Daily Mile for 15 minutes, 127 (65%) implemented it at least 3x/wk, and 149 (76%) schools reported that the children ran or jogged during The Daily Mile. A large proportion of schools reported implementing The Daily Mile in the school playground and that it was done simply (both n = 171, 88%), but only 85 (44%) schools reported implementing it during lessons. Conclusions: Daily Mile schools in Greater London implement 7/10 principles on average. Whether implementing all the principles limits the success of its desired effect is unclear. Studies assessing effects of The Daily Mile should consider its implementation when reporting results. Key messages: Of The Daily Mile’s 10 principles, an average of 7 are implemented in London schools. Studies examining The Daily Mile should consider implementation which may impact its desired effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhancing health literacy of children and adolescents is a critical means for health promotion and sustainable development. This is mainly because childhood and adolescence represent key stages for addressing health, social, cognitive, emotional and educational development and influencing health behavior and healthy lifestyles over the life-course. The education sector is particularly important, and schools represent a critical setting to facilitate health literacy teaching and learning, for example in health education classes or whole-of-school approaches. Regarding the question of what makes health literacy so important for children and adolescents these days, there are three key themes and recent developments which amplified the meaning and relevance of health literacy for public health and societies: (i) A globalizing world: Globalization and digitalization change the ways in which health is negotiated and promoted, including that today health information is almost limitlessly accessible in everyday life. (ii) The information overload: The overload of information - a.k.a. infodemic (short for information epidemic) - makes health literacy a critical skill-set in managing the overabundance of information that is available through digital communication channels; while at the same time children and adolescents are increasingly turning to the Internet and social media as sources of health information and for communication about health issues with their peers or social contacts. (iii) The COVID-19 pandemic: The pandemic has once again underlined how important health literacy is not only for understanding public health recommendations, applying health behaviours, avoiding unnecessary risks, and protecting individual, family, and population health, but also to learn about the importance of vaccination, to become knowledgeable and skilled in navigating the infodemic, and to identifying fake news and disinformation about COVID-19. The purpose of this workshop is to bring together five contemporary projects on health literacy from Germany in and with schools that reflect the above issues: (i) A cross-sectional pen-and-paper survey in primary schools on children's health literacy; (ii) A survey on adolescents health literacy; (iii) The development of a toolbox for health literacy interventions in schools; (iv) An intervention for improving adolescent's mental health literacy in schools, (v) A whole school approach and organizational health literacy in schools. Each project will be given ample time to present their findings, which will be followed by Q&A and an open discussion with the audiences. This workshop offers a forum for researchers, practitioners and policymakers interested in school related health literacy and school health promotion. By dialogue and two-way communication, vivid interaction will be ensured, allow building synergies, and facilitate networking and capacity building. Key messages: Health literacy contributes to promoting and maintaining child and adolescent health in times of crisis like the COVID19 pandemic. Health literacy needs to be strengthened through investments in the education sector and school health promotion programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Children and adolescents from socially vulnerable families experience social as well as health-related disadvantages at a very early age. Resilience research increasingly focuses on general psychosocial protective factors and their positive role as an effective health resource. In this research, the influence of some selected protective factors on a healthy lifestyle in the target group of secondary school students is shown. Methods: Using a method of a cluster analysis, a theory-led lifestyle typology was developed based on the variables ‘physical-sport activity’ and ‘media consumption patterns’. Four lifestyle clusters were identified: sports-active frequent media users, sports-active low media users, sports-inactive frequent media users und sports-inactive low media users. The study examined how the resilience factor ‘physical fitness’ (measured by the 6 min run) as well as personal, family and social protective factors were manifested in the respective clusters. Results: In the sporty-active clusters, the proportion of children with good physical fitness was high (47%). In the sporty-inactive clusters, however, this proportion was only about 23%. Approximately 71.5% of the children in sporty-active clusters reported good health and health-promoting behavior, while in sporty-inactive clusters this percentage was 49.2%. Trusting and appreciative parent-child relationship and positive sibling ties were mentioned more frequently in sporty-active clusters than in sporty-inactive clusters. Discussion: Regular exercise and moderate use of media have a positive effect on protective resilience factors. These can be considered as ‘health-enhancing’ lifestyle characteristics in health-related behavior. Personal, family and social protective factors interact with physical activity and are effective health resources: physically active children are more resilient to stressful environmental situations. Key messages: Regular exercise and moderate use of media have a positive effect on protective resilience factors. Protective resilience factors are ‘health-enhancing’ lifestyle characteristics in health-related behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The COVID-19 outbreak has forcibly overshadowed the physical well-being of children and adolescents, of which we will see the consequences in near future. The programs to contain the spread of Sars-CoV-2 resulted in prolonged lockdown periods, discontinuity of educational services and a possible decrease in physical activities (PA) among the youngest. In the local reality of the Metropolitan City of Bologna children and adolescents underwent a radical change in habits and lifestyle, overall predisposing sedentariness and unhealthy behaviors. Our project, ‘‘Come te la passi?’’, aims to acknowledge lifestyle variations (concerning diet, PA, sleep behavior/quality) to design, in second-phase interventions, individualized school-based educational programs. Methods: This ongoing study is being conducted using an on-line anonymous questionnaire targeting parents/guardian of children and adolescents aged 6-17 recruited from 26th to 28th of April in Bologna, a city in Northern Italy. Results: Preliminary data suggested that among adolescents (n = 124) 91.2% used to do PA 2 or more times a week before lockdown, while during lockdown this percentage decreased, reaching 41.1%. In children (n = 38) we observed an even more pronounced difference, with PA decreasing from 89.5% to 26.3%. In children 29% of the participants also reported a weight gain, while 65.8% did not report any variation and only 5.2% reported a weight loss. For the majority of both children’s and adolescents’ parents (n = 162), the strategies to address the reduction in PA were predominantly having school time dedicated only to PA (53.1%) and being more educated about simple physical exercises (14.5%). Conclusions: Our preliminary findings suggest that the current pandemic had a strong impact on the well-being of children and adolescents; ‘‘Come te la passi?’’ second-phase interventions could be crucial in addressing the youngest’ needs, to educate and promote healthier lifestyles through school-based programs. Key messages: Children’s and adolescents’ lifestyle behaviors were strongly affected by the current pandemic, with physical activity frequency more than halved. Come te la passi?’’ objectives are to frame the major critical issues detected and to shape educational school programs based on identified needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]