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This study aimed to assess the accuracy of liquid drug dose measurements made by caregivers and explore the factors influencing these measurements. Caregivers (n = 176) of children aged less than 8 years, who were treated at the pediatric clinic of a university hospital in Turkey between July and October 2019, were eligible to participate in this study. The caregivers' ability to accurately measure a 2.5-mL dose of medication was observed using standardized measurement instruments, including 15-mL and 30-mL dosing cups, a 3-mL dropper, a 5-mL dose spoon, and a 5-mL oral syringe. A comparison was made with the reference weight determined for the 2.5-mL dose to calculate the margin of error. A dose of ± 20% of the reference value was considered a clinically significant error. The chi-square test was used to examine differences in dose error rates concerning individual characteristics. Caregivers exhibited a dosing error rate exceeding 20%. Specifically, 43% of the errors occurred when using 15-mL cups, 37% with 30-mL cups, 22% with 3-mL droppers, 4.5% with 5-mL spoons, and 4% with 5-mL syringes. In cases where errors were under 20%, the rates were as follows: 1.1% with 15-mL cups, 2.8% with 30-mL cups, 19% with 3-mL droppers, 3.4% with 5-mL spoons, and 4% with 5-mL syringes. The dosing errors were not affected by the role and health literacy level of caregivers, regardless of the type of dosing tool they used (all p values > 0.05). The study found that oral syringes and dosing spoons had the lowest error rates, whereas dosing cups had the highest error rates. Conclusion: Healthcare providers in family health centers and pediatric clinics should educate caregivers about proper drug administration with oral syringes and dosing spoons, even if dosing cups are included. What is Known: • Dose calculation errors and incorrect measurement tools are the leading factors causing errors. • Liquid medicine bottles are still often accompanied by dosing cups as measuring instruments. • Both the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommend that parents use standard measuring instruments such as oral syringes, droppers, and measuring spoons instead of kitchen spoons for administering the correct dose to children. What is New: • The measuring tool with the maximum errors was the dosing cup, whereas oral syringes and dosing spoons were more accurate. • Individual administering medication at home and the health literacy level had no effect on the accuracy of dose measurement. • Pediatric nurses, in particular, should incorporate safe liquid medication measurement tools into parental education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Central venous access device-related thrombosis (CRT) is a common complication in hospitalized children. The pediatric nurses' knowledge, attitude, and practice are of great significance for CRT prevention in hospitalized children. The purpose of this study was to elaborate on the level and influencing factors of pediatric nurses' knowledge, attitude, and practice on the prevention related to CRT in hospitalized children. This national cross-sectional study was carried out in China from January 16, 2021, to April 23, 2021. A multi-stage sampling method was adopted, and 1060 pediatric nurses from 21 hospitals participated in this study. The current situation and influencing factors of pediatric nurses' knowledge, attitude, and practice were investigated by descriptive statistics, approximate t test or independent-sample t test, nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis H test, one-way analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression analysis. The relationship among pediatric nurses' knowledge, attitude, and practice was explored by the Pearson correlation analysis. Among all pediatric nurses involved in this study, 25% had insufficient knowledge, 18% had negative attitudes, and 24% had poor behaviors. The main influencing factors on the knowledge, attitude, and practice included the highest education level of pediatric nurses (β = 0.10, P =.001), whether received training related to CRT prevention (β = 0.09–0.14, P <.01), whether CRT-related knowledge was enough for dealing with clinical work (β = 0.18–0.21, P <.001), and the importance of hospitals/departments on children CRT prevention (β = 0.16–0.24, P <.001). There was a positive correlation between knowledge, attitude, and practice (r = 0.24–0.77, P <.01). Conclusion: Pediatric nurses' CRT-prevention knowledge and practice are unsatisfactory, while their preventive attitude toward CRT prevention is optimistic. This study assists the formulation of comprehensive intervention strategies for pediatric nurses in preventing CRT in hospitalized children by hospital-related organizations and nursing managers, so as to improve the participation of pediatric nurses in CRT prevention and reduce the occurrence of CRT for hospitalized children. What is Known: • As a common complication in hospitalized children, CRT can induce many potentially serious complications. • A professional nursing team is an important prerequisite for reducing CRT incidence. What is New: • The levels of pediatric nurses' knowledge and practice are not satisfactory, while pediatric nurses' preventive attitude toward CRT prevention is optimistic. • Hospital-related organizations and nursing managers should highlight the importance of CRT prevention and encourage pediatric nurses to improve their expertise and strengthen the training related to CRT prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To describe healthcare professionals' perceptions of social health inequalities in the context of pediatric chronic disease and their insights regarding proportionate universalism as a potential solution to reduce them. Semi-directive interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals from different pediatric chronic disease departments of a single French academic hospital. This qualitative study was based on an inductive thematic analysis; an interview topic guide was used for the interviews and the analysis. In this study, we highlighted three main themes: the healthcare professionals' perceptions of social health inequalities in their practices, their beliefs regarding the causality of those inequalities, and potential solutions proposed by healthcare professionals to reduce them. Healthcare professionals very often associated inequalities with socio-economic precariousness or geographical disparities but were not familiar with the notion of a social gradient. Paradoxically, while they claimed not to differentiate among patients in their practice, they did report adapting care, depending on the social situation. For healthcare professionals, inequalities were the result of misunderstood problems, a lack of family support, a failure of the prevention system, and a lack of financial resources. Conclusion: We still need to develop solutions to tackle those inequalities at every level of the healthcare system, and healthcare professionals must be more actively involved in this effort. One approach is to adapt public health principles such as proportionate universalism to individual care. What is Known: • Social health inequalities exist in pediatric care and a social gradient has been shown in many clinical situations. • Exploring health professionals' perceptions of social health inequalities can lead to solutions to tackle them. What is New: • Pediatricians and pediatric nurses were not fully aware of the social gradient of health. • Although they claimed not to differentiate between patients in their practice, healthcare professionals did adapt care when complicated social situations arose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]