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The development of adolescent health and medicine as a medical discipline lags behind in Europe compared with other regions of the world. This study aims to evaluate the structure and content of adolescent medicine and health training curricula for medical students, paediatricians, and other primary care physicians in the European region. A questionnaire survey was sent by e-mail to experts in the field from 36 European countries, addressing the content of adolescent health issues. Data was obtained from all 36 countries. At the undergraduate level, seven countries reported some mandatory stand-alone teaching (sessions dealing specifically with adolescents), while seven countries reported optional stand-alone teaching. In only 7 out of 36 countries were issues critical to adolescents covered as stand-alone sessions. At the postgraduate level, 15 countries delivered stand-alone mandatory training sessions to primary, secondary, or tertiary care paediatricians, covering most of the five critical areas listed in the questionnaire. In another 13 countries, such sessions were not mandatory and were inexistent in eight of them. The coverage among school physicians was similar but was much lower among general practitioners.Conclusion: Paediatric associations and academic institutions should advocate for a better coverage of adolescent health and medicine in the training curricula of health care providers. What is known: • In most European countries, adolescent medicine is still poorly represented as a discipline. • Experts have recently published recommendations regarding what form the structure and content of a training curriculum in this field should take. What is new: • This paper gives information on the extent and content of training in adolescent medicine and health as currently offered within under- and postgraduate European training curricula, in terms of stand-alone mandatory (versus optional) sessions. • In many European countries, both medical students and residents are poorly exposed to the basic knowledge and skills pertaining to adolescent health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We aimed to determine the status of and factors associated with adolescent health care delivery and training in Europe on behalf of the European Paediatric Association-UNEPSA.Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was mailed to the presidents of 48 national paediatric societies in Europe. For statistical analyses, non-parametric tests were used as appropriate.Results: Six of the countries had a paediatric (PSPCA), 14 had a combined and nine had a general practitioner/family doctor system for the primary care of adolescents (GP/FDSA). Paediatricians served children 17 years of age or older in 15 and 17, up to 16 years of age in three and six, and up to 14 years of age in six and six countries in outpatient and inpatient settings, respectively. Fifteen and 18 of the countries had some kind of special inpatient wards and outpatient clinics for adolescents, respectively. Twenty-eight of the countries had some kind of national/governmental screening or/and preventive health programmes for adolescents. In countries with a PSPCA, the gross national income (GNI) per capita was significantly lower than in those with a GP/FDSA, and the mean upper age limit of adolescents was significantly higher than in those with the other systems. In the eastern part of Europe, the mortality rate of 10-14 year olds was significantly higher than that in the western part (p=0.008). Training in adolescent medicine was offered in pre-graduate education in 14 countries in the paediatric curriculum and in the context of paediatric residency and GP/family physician residency programmes in 18 and nine countries, respectively. Adolescent medicine was reported as a recognised subspecialty in 15 countries and as a certified subspecialty of paediatrics in one country. In countries with a PSPCA, paediatric residents were more likely to be educated in adolescent medicine than paediatric residents in countries with a GP/FDSA.Conclusion: The results of the present study show that there is a need for the reconstruction and standardisation of adolescent health care delivery and training in European countries. The European Paediatric Association-UNEPSA could play a key role in the implementation of the proposals suggested in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlabelled: Use of home oxygen therapy for prematurely born infants with chronic lung disease (CLD) can facilitate early discharge, but affected infants might require more readmissions. Our aim was to determine if health care utilisation and associated costs in the first 2 years were greater in centres with a high compared to centres with restricted use of home oxygen therapy. A retrospective review of the hospital and general practitioner (GP) medical records of 235 infants with CLD (median gestational age 27 weeks; range 22-33 weeks) was performed to note their readmissions, outpatient attendances, community service referrals and cost of care in the first 2 years after birth. A total of 76 infants (64%) in the high use centres and 12 (10%) in the restricted use centres were discharged home on oxygen. Infants in the high use centres were discharged home from neonatal care at a younger age (median 37.7 versus 39.9 weeks; P<0.001), but subsequently had similar numbers of inpatient events, and less GP (P =0.012) and community care (P < 0.001) contacts, although their duration of home oxygen use was longer (P < 0.001). The post-discharge costs were similar in the two types of centre, but the neonatal costs (P < 0.0001) and total cost of care per infant over the first 2 years (P < 0.0001) were lower in the high use centres.Conclusion: Early discharge and high use of home oxygen therapy was not associated with an increased cost of care or increased morbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]