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Purpose: This study identifies the most impactful papers on scapholunate reconstruction and provides a quantitative assessment of the impact of these papers in order to inform future clinical practice, education, and research of this condition. Methods: The Scopus database was used in May 2020 to identify the 50 most cited clinical articles pertaining solely to chronic scapholunate reconstruction. Citation number and density, publication variables, and Altmetric Attention Scores (AASs) were collected and analyzed. Results: The top 50 articles on chronic scapholunate reconstruction produced 1,868 total citations, with an average of 37.36 ± 39.90 citations per article (range 7–196) and an average citation density of 2.44 ± 2.27. US-based publications (n = 20) and articles published in Journal of Hand Surgery (n = 24) were associated with significantly higher citation number and density (p < 0.01 – p = 0.018). In addition, sample size was positively correlated with citation density (rho = 0.312, p = 0.029). Fourteen articles were associated with an AAS (mean score = 4.07 ± 4.70). There was no significant association between AAS and citation number or density, but AAS did significantly predict citation density (coefficient = 0.378, 95% CI: [0.013–0.741], p = 0.043). Conclusion: Numerous factors, such as journal of publication, location, and sample size, were significantly associated with citation number and/or citation density. Interestingly, AAS was predictive of, but not directly correlated with citation density, suggesting that the impact of scapholunate literature may not be adequately captured with a citation analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Four joint arthroplasty registries (JARs) levels exist based on the recorded data type. Level I JARs are national registries that record primary data. Hospital or institutional JARs (Level II–IV) document further data (patient-reported outcomes, demographic, radiographic). A worldwide list of Level II–IV JARs must be created to effectively assess and categorize these data. Methods: Our study is a systematic scoping review that followed the PRISMA guidelines and included 648 studies. Based on their publications, the study aimed to map the existing Level II–IV JARs worldwide. The secondary aim was to record their lifetime, publications' number and frequency and recognise differences with national JARs. Results: One hundred five Level II–IV JARs were identified. Forty-eight hospital-based, 45 institutional, and 12 regional JARs. Fifty JARs were found in America, 39 in Europe, nine in Asia, six in Oceania and one in Africa. They have published 485 cohorts, 91 case-series, 49 case–control, nine cross-sectional studies, eight registry protocols and six randomized trials. Most cohort studies were retrospective. Twenty-three per cent of papers studied patient-reported outcomes, 21.45% surgical complications, 13.73% postoperative clinical and 5.25% radiographic outcomes, and 11.88% were survival analyses. Forty-four JARs have published only one paper. Level I JARs primarily publish implant revision risk annual reports, while Level IV JARs collect comprehensive data to conduct retrospective cohort studies. Conclusions: This is the first study mapping all Level II–IV JARs worldwide. Most JARs are found in Europe and America, reporting on retrospective cohorts, but only a few report on studies systematically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We assessed the accuracy of quotations in the published literature of the Wound Management of Open Lower Limb Fractures (WOLLF) Randomized Clinical Trial. Methods: A literature search was performed to identify all citations of WOLLF from 2018 to 2021. Duplicate papers, non-English language papers, textbooks, technical tip videos, Ph.D. theses, and other grey literature were excluded from analysis. Eligible publications had their full text assessed by 2 independent reviewers who used a validated framework of error classification. Results: We identified 62 original papers that met our eligibility criteria and referenced WOLLF. Of the 62 papers, 12 contained a quotation error (12/62, 19%). Errors were classified into major and minor. There were 7 major errors and 5 minor errors. The majority of quotation errors (7/12, 58%) occurred due to multi-referencing, where groups of references were used to support single assertions. There was substantial agreement between the two independent reviewers as determined by a Kappa coefficient of 0.761. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated a 19% quotation error rate in the literature regarding WOLLF. The majority were due to multi-referencing. We suggest that both authors and reviewers carefully check the source literature of key references. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Minimally invasive percutaneous screw fixation for pelvic ring and acetabular fractures has become increasingly popular due to its numerous benefits. However, the precise placement of the screw remains a critical challenge, necessitating a modification of the current techniques. This paper introduces a refined technique employing a modified guidewire to enhance the precision and efficiency of percutaneous fixation in pelvic and acetabular fractures. Methods: This study details the surgical techniques implemented for correcting guidewire misdirection in percutaneous screw fixation and includes a retrospective analysis of patients treated with this modified approach over a three-year period. Results: In this study, 25 patients with pelvic ring and acetabular fractures underwent percutaneous screw fixation. The cohort, predominantly male (23 out of 25), had an average age of 38 years. The majority of injuries were due to traffic accidents (18 out of 25). Types of injuries included pelvic ring (6 cases), acetabular fractures (8 cases), and combined injuries (11 cases). Various screw types, including antegrade and retrograde anterior column screws, retrograde posterior column screws, and lateral compression screws, were used, tailored to each case. Over an average follow-up of 18 months, there were no additional procedures or complications, such as neurovascular injury or hardware failure, indicating successful outcomes in all cases. Conclusions: This study introduces a simple yet effective method to address guidewire misdirection during percutaneous fixation for pelvic and acetabular fractures, offering enhanced precision and potentially better patient outcomes. Further research with a larger patient cohort is required for a more comprehensive understanding of its efficacy compared to traditional methods. Level of evidence : IV. Therapeutic Study (Surgical technique and Cases-series). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Radial neck fractures in adults are rare, but outcomes are often poor. Closed reduction and internal fixation (CRIF) technique has been advocated for the treatment of minimally displaced fractures in children, with a few reports on adult subjects. The aim of the present paper is to investigate mid-term results of a CRIF technique in adults with retrograde intramedullary K-wires in Mason's type II and III fractures. The proposed technique yields to good anatomical reduction of displaced neck fractures, faster rehabilitation, and easier hardware removal after fracture consolidation. Material and methods: A consecutive series of 17 patients were treated with closed reduction and intramedullary osteosynthesis, and outcomes were retrospectively evaluated. Elbow X-ray (XR) and CT scan were obtained preoperatively. Objective assessment before surgery and at an average 36-month follow-up included active and passive elbow range of motion (ROM). Functional evaluation was carried out through the collection of the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score, and Elbow Self-Assessment Score (ESAS). XR at last follow-up was evaluated. Results: The cohort included 10 males and seven females, with a mean age of 32 years. Patients returned for a follow-up evaluation at a mean of 36 months (range 6–43 m) form the surgery. The DASH score revealed good to excellent outcomes with a mean of 6.32 ± 10.24 points at last follow-up. The ESAS was 98.35 ± 1.89, indicating a non-restricted elbow function. Acceptable radiographic healing was achieved in all patients. Conclusions: The advocated technique is promising for obtaining good reduction and stabilization, and good to excellent satisfaction for patients. Given the challenging technique, the learning curve could be long and initial results unsatisfactory. More research with larger cohorts and improved study design could be carried out, comparing the technique with the current choice of treatment (ORIF, radial head resection). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The anterolateral ligament (ALL) was first described in 1879 in the context of Segond fractures, which correlate with a 75–100% chance of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear or a 66–75% chance of a meniscal tear. The purpose of this paper is to provide an updated comprehensive review on the anterolateral ligament complex of the knee focusing on the: (1) anatomy of the ALL/ALC; (2) associated biomechanics/function; and (3) important surgical considerations in contemporary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). A systematic review of studies on ALL was conducted on Pubmed/MEDLINE and Cochrane databases (May 7th, 2020 to February 1st, 2022), with 20 studies meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria. Studies meeting inclusion criteria were anatomical/biomechanical studies assessing ALL function, cadaveric and computer simulations, and comparative studies on surgical outcomes of ALLR (concomitant with ACL reconstruction). Eight studies were included and graded by MINOR and Newcastle–Ottawa scale to identify potential biases. The anatomy of the ALL is part of the anterolateral ligament complex (ALC), which includes the superficial/deep iliotibial band (including the Kaplan fiber system), iliopatellar band, ALL, and anterolateral capsule. Multiple biomechanical studies have characterized the ALC as a secondary passive stabilizer in resisting tibial internal rotation. Given the role of the ALC in resisting internal tibial rotation, lateral extra-articular procedures including ALL augmentation may be considered for chronic ACL tears, ACL revisions, and a high-grade pivot shift test. In the context of TKA, in the event of injury to the ALC, a more constrained implant or soft-tissue reconstruction may be necessary to restore appropriate knee stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the average fluoroscopy time, as well as the patient and surgical staff average radiation exposure in the context of intraoperative fluoroscopy use during anterior total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods: PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus were systematically searched for studies pertaining to intraoperative anterior THA fluoroscopy (PROSPERO ID 258049). The comprehensive literary search was conducted using "THA," "fluoroscopy" and "radiation exposure" as the search criteria, which resulted in 187 total papers. Of these 187 papers, 11 studies were included in this systematic review as they involved anterior THA and specifically contained data regarding radiation exposure dose and/or time. Results: Eleven studies were included, enrolling 1839 patients. The average fluoroscopy time was 21.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 16.6–26.1) seconds, whereas the average patient radiation dose was 1.8 × 10–3 (95% CI 7.4 × 10–4–2.9 × 10–3) Gy. Conclusions: Although several studies fail to report fluoroscopy time and radiation dose in THA patients, fluoroscopy-guided THA has emerged as a safe procedure. Additional studies may analyze if radiation exposure during the surgeon's THA learning curve is significantly higher, as well as what protocols may potentially reduce radiation exposure even further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Ankle fractures may cause disability and socioeconomic challenges, even when managed in a high-resource setting. The outcomes of ankle fractures in sub-Saharan Africa are not widely reported. We present a systematic review of the patient-reported outcomes and complications of patients treated for ankle fractures in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: Medline, Embase, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched, utilising MeSH headings and Boolean search strategies. Ten papers were included. Data included patient demographics, surgical and non-surgical management, patient-reported outcome measures and evidence of complications. Results: A total of 555 patients with ankle fractures were included, 471 of whom were followed up (range 6 weeks–73 months). A heterogenous mix of low-quality observational studies and two methodologically poor-quality randomised trials demonstrated mixed outcomes. A preference for surgical management was found within the published studies with 87% of closed fractures being treated operatively. A total of five different outcome scoring systems were used. Most studies included in this review were published by well-resourced organisations and as such are not representative of the actual clinical practice taking place. Conclusion: The literature surrounding the clinical outcomes of ankle fractures in sub-Saharan Africa is sparse. There appears to be a preference for surgical fixation in the published literature and considering the limitations in surgical resources across sub-Saharan Africa this may not be representative of real-life care in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The posterolateral approach to ankle joint is well suited for ORIF of posterior malleolar fractures. There are no major neurovascular structures endangering this approach other than the sural nerve. The sural nerve is often used as an autologous peripheral nerve graft and provides sensation to the lateral aspect of the foot. The aim of this paper is to measure the precise distance of the sural nerve from surrounding soft tissue structures so as to enable safe placement of skin incision in posterolateral approach. This is a retrospective image review study involving 64 MRI scans. All measurements were made from Axial T1 slices. The key findings of the paper is the safety window for the sural nerve from the lateral border of tendoachilles (TA) is 7 mm, 1.3 cm and 2 cm at 3 cm above ankle joint, at the ankle joint and at the distal tip of fibula respectively. Our study demonstrates the close relationship of the nerve in relation to TA and fibula in terms of exact measurements. The safety margins established in this study should enable the surgeon in preventing endangerment of the sural nerve encountered in this approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multidirectional instability is very complex pathology. Excessively redundant capsule is one of the important reasons causing symptomatic laxity in multiple planes. Arthroscopic techniques are not able to reproduce the potential of open methods to reduce the joint volume. Most of the studies based their measurements on cadaver model. The aim of the study was to develop simple and reproducible technique to perform arthroscopic capsular shift and measure its volume reduction potential in both cadaveric and clinical setting. Technique is described in the paper. Capsular shift was applied both in cadaver and clinical scenario. Based on group of 5 cadaver shoulder specimen, glenohumeral joint volume was reduced from average of 19.4 ± 7.8 ml to 11.9 ± 4.5 ml following arthroscopic capsular shift (37.9% volume reduction). Clinical material consisted of 12 consecutive patients shoulder with instability and joint laxity undergoing the arthroscopic capsular shift. Average glenohumeral volume before capsular shift was 43.5 ± 10 ml and was reduced to 17.5 ± 4.3 ml (58.8% volume reduction). Arthroscopic capsular shift presented in this paper seems to be relatively easy to perform and safe procedure. The technique provides significant decrease in joint volume in both cadaveric and clinical parts of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of the treatment of stiff elbow with the use of dynamic orthoses. We included 30 patients with stiff elbow with an arc of mobility of 100° or less and a stable and congruent joint without heterotopic ossifications. The dynamic orthosis was designed in our service and consists of an articulated brace with springs. Mean previous mobility was 109°-41°, with an average arc of motion of 68°. Its use began 78 days after surgery or trauma and continued for 75 days. Statistical analysis was performed. Average follow-up was 23 months. Postoperative mobility was 126°-21° with an improvement of 37° of mobility. Ten patients did not recover a functional range of motion. Twenty-three patients were satisfied with the treatment and seven were unsatisfied with the use of the orthosis. Our results suggest that dynamic orthoses are useful in the treatment of stiff elbow. We achieved a mean improvement of 37° in the arc of motion, which in many cases has rendered arthrolysis unnecessary. The major strength of this paper is the practical application of the orthosis and its relatively easy manufacture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Many methods of determining the anteversion of the acetabular cup have been described in the literature. The advantages and disadvantages of each of these methods are discussed in this paper. We present a new method of measuring the acetabular anteversion at the anteroposterior hip. Materials and methods: The formula designed by the authors was anteversion angle ( α) = arc sin |PK|/√ |AK| × |BK|. The formula was tested using the AutoCAD software, and an experimental study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy. Three groups were created, and 16 X-ray images were taken and coded. Ten orthopaedic surgeons measured the acetabular anteversion from these X-rays using our formula. Results: The results in Group 1 were closer to the actual value; in contrast, the results in Group 2 differed from the actual values. The results in Group 3 were as close to the actual anteversion values as were those in Group 1. Conclusion: Developments in technology often bring an increase in complications. Despite newly developed surgical methods and technology, the position of the acetabular cup is still used to determine the results of a total hip arthroplasty. Our method is simple, cost-effective and achieves almost 100 % accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The objective of this study was to systematically compare the efficacy and safety of unilateral fixation to bilateral fixation for the lumbar degenerative disease. Study design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: We searched databases including PubMed Central, MEDLINE (from 1966), EMBASE (from 1980), and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases for randomized controlled trials or non-randomized controlled trials that compare unilateral fixation with bilateral fixation for the treatment for lumbar disease. Exclusion criteria were non-controlled studies, follow-up <6 months, combined anterior and posterior surgery, lumbar tumors, and non-English writing paper. Methodologic quality was assessed, relevant data were retrieved, and the appropriate meta-analysis was performed. Two review authors independently selected studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. The main end points included the rate of fusion, visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), intra-operative blood loss, operating time, and the rate of complications. Results: A total of seven studies were included in the meta-analysis. Four relevant randomized controlled trials, one prospective study, and two retrospective studies involving 499 patients were identified. Patients in unilateral pedicle fixation group compared with bilateral pedicle screw fixation group on the fusion rate, VAS, ODI scores, and complication rate demonstrated no significant differences ( P > 0.05, respectively). However, intra-operative blood loss and operating time in unilateral fixation group were significantly less than bilateral fixation group ( P < 0.0001, respectively). Conclusions: Unilateral fixation seems to be an effective, feasible, and safe procedure in one or two segmental disease when compare with bilateral instrumentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction is recognized as a good choice for patients with recurrent patellar dislocation. Most techniques of the medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction are open surgeries. Recently, we present a minimally invasive medial patellofemoral ligament arthroscopic reconstruction technique as a possible alternative method for recurrent patellar dislocation. The aim of the study was to describe a safe and effective technique to perform medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction. The graft was prepared in shape to 'Y.' Two 5-mm incisions were made in the skin above the medial edge of the patella. Two docking bone tunnels were drilled from medial edge to the center of the patella, mimicking the wide patellar insertion of the medial patellofemoral ligament, and a bone tunnel was made at the femoral insertion site. Two free ends of the graft were fixed into the patellar tunnels by lateral cortical suspension, and the folded end was fixed into the femoral tunnel by bioabsorbable interference screw. Average patellar tilt and the congruence angle were 30.7° ± 7.5° and 52.7° ± 7.3° and were reduced to 12.8° ± 0.9° and 2.3° ± 11.5° after treatment. The Kujala score was increased from 63.0 ± 9.0 to 91.0 ± 7.0. The minimally invasive medial patellofemoral ligament arthroscopic reconstruction in this paper seems to be helpful to increase safe of operation and treatment effect and reduce complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: An axial symptom is one of the postoperative problems after cervical laminoplasty. The range of motion (ROM) of the cervical spine decreases after laminoplasty. It is speculated that the reduction in neck ROM is one of the causes of axial symptoms. However, most reports have focused on ROM of the cervical spine in flexion and extension, and few papers describe the rotational motion after surgery. It is impossible to assess the rotational motion in plain X-rays. This study was undertaken for the following two purposes: (1) to compare segmental rotational angles of the cervical spine between control subjects and patients with cervical laminoplasty ; (2) to analyze the relationship between postoperative axial symptoms and the range of cervical rotational angle after laminoplasty. Methods: Eleven young volunteers (control 1 group) and 10 elderly subjects (control 2 group) who did not have any neck problems and 23 patients who had en bloc cervical laminoplasty due to cervical spondylotic myelopathy were included. Dynamic CT scan was conducted in neutral, right, and left maximum rotational positions from C1 to T1. We measured the rotational angle in each vertebral segment. The axial symptoms, such as limited neck motion and neck stiffness, were assessed by a questionnaire. The rotational angle of the cervical spine was compared between the patients with axial symptoms and the subjects without. Results: The rotational angle in control 1 group was greater than that in control 2 group. The rotational angle was markedly decreased in the patients with cervical laminoplasty compared to that in control 2 group. The reduction was observed at the upper vertebral segment. Twelve patients were judged to have axial symptom after cervical laminoplasty (symptom + group), and 11 patients did not have symptoms (symptom − group). The rotational angle in the symptom + group was significantly smaller than that in symptom − group. The reduction in the rotational angle was found below C2 level, whereas the C1-2 angle was not significantly different in the two symptom groups. Conclusion: Reduction of the rotational angle in the cervical spine was clearly observed in patients with cervical laminoplasty, compared to that in the controls. The marked reduction might be related to the axial symptoms after laminoplasty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is widely performed in the United Kingdom for the management of patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis of the medial compartment of the tibiofemoral joint. A limited number of papers have presented the findings of mid-term clinical and survival data with sufficiently large patient numbers following mobile-bearing UKA. The purpose of this study was to present the 6- to 8-year follow-up data on a series of 230 minimally invasive medial Oxford Phase 3 mobile-bearing UKAs in our institution. Data on surgical procedure, postoperative rehabilitation requirement, complications, revision procedures and Oxford Knee Score (OKS), Short Form-12 (SF-12) and visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores were analysed. The results indicated that the majority of patient's recoveries were uneventful, with 96% experiencing no postoperative complications. The mean OKS, VAS pain and SF-12 scores indicated good functional outcomes and acceptable perceived general health for this age group. Twenty-one patients underwent revision surgery, indicating a survival rate of 85% (95% CI: 0.76-0.91) during the 6- to 8-year follow-up period. The most frequently cited indication for revision was due to progression of osteoarthritis to the lateral component. To conclude, this series indicated that the mobile-bearing Oxford UKA provides good clinical outcomes at 6- to 8-year follow-up, with minimal requirement for postoperative rehabilitation, few complications and an acceptable survivorship in the mid-term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of this paper is to analyze 44 patients with infected shoulder arthroplasties from different centers. Methods: The patients were followed up for at least 2 years or until revision surgery from the year 1993 to 2008. Result: The mean follow-up of patients was 30 months. Microorganisms taken from 34 of the 44 patients were cultured. The most common was Propionibacterium acnes (36%), and the less common Staphylococcus aureus or a combination with P. acnes (5%) each. No microorganisms from 23% of the patients were cultured. In 69% of the patients, no loosening of the components was noted, and only 27% of the revised patients needed further revision. Complications occurred in 22% of the patients like fistula, instability, implant failure, and one patient died. Good healing of the wound was noted in 77% of the patients. Constant score showed nice progression with regard to pain before and after surgery. One- or two-stage revision procedures led to identical results. Conclusion: Infection can occur even without any history of previous shoulder surgery. Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis were frequently cultured organisms. There was no difference in the results of single- or two-stage revision procedures. Level of evidence: 4, case series, treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]