Search

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), P53 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), which has not yet been elucidated., Methods: HPV16 was detected by amplifying the HPV16 E6 gene by the PCR method, and the expression of COX-2, P53 protein in 69 ESCCs and 32 normal esophageal mucosa (NEM) from Shaanxi Province was examined by the streptavidin-peroxidase method. Estimation of overall survival by HPV16, COX-2, and P53 was calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method and analyzed with the log-rank test., Results: The infection rate of HPV16 in ESCCs (35 of 69, 50.7%) was significantly higher than that in NEMs (two of 32, 6.25%) (P<0.01). The expression rate of COX-2 in ESCCs (44 of 69, 63.8%) was higher than that in NEMs (two of 32, 6.25%) (P<0.01). The expression intensity of COX-2 expression had statistical difference in histological grade (R = 0.4453, P = 0.0019), tumor stage (R = 0.438, P = 0.000), and metastasis (R = 0.417, P = 0.002). P53 expression rate was 49.3% (34 of 69) in ESCC and 18.8% (six of 32) in NEMs. The expression rate of P53 proteins in ESCC was statistically higher than that in N67EMs (P = 0.0037). The infection of HPV16 had inverse correlation with the overexpression of COX-2 in ESCCs (R = -0.321, P = 0.008). The HPV16 DNA in ESCC had no statistical correlation with P53 protein (R = -0.014, P = 0.9055) and the elevated expression of COX-2 had positive correlation with P53 protein in ESCC (R = 0.441, P = 0.000). No statistical correlation was observed between the infection of HPV16 and clinicopathological features in ESCCs including sex, age, tumor stage, and lymph node metastasis, respectively (P>0.05). The COX-2 had no statistical correlation with sex and age (P>0.05), but had association with tumor stage and lymph node metastasis, respectively (P<0.05). The expression of P53 protein had significant association with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0005), but not with sex, age, and tumor stage, respectively (P>0.05). The overexpression of COX-2, infection of HPV16, and P53 protein in ESCC were not correlated with survival during the 5-year follow-up period (P>0.05)., Conclusion: We first concluded that the increased expression of COX-2 had inverse correlation with HPV16 in ESCC. COX-2, HPV16, and P53 had no significant effect on the survival of patients with ESCC. These observations might help us to further understand the significant association between HPV16 and other molecules involved in the carcinogenesis and progression of ESCC.

Objectives: Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) is regarded as one of the important tumor-related viruses, which are known to have a role in cervical carcinoma; however, there are few reports on HPV16 in gastric carcinoma (GC). Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between HPV16 and the occurrence of GC., Methods: Liquid PCR (LPCR) and in-situ PCR (ISPCR) methods were carried out to detect the HPV16 oncogene E6 cell-type-specific enhancer in the long control region of HPV16 in 40 GCs and corresponding gastric adjacent normal mucosa (GANM). The patients were from Shaanxi Province in China; Helicobacter pylori (Hp) was detected by immunohistochemistry and by hematoxylin and eosin staining in their gastric tissues., Results: The HPV16 E6 gene was detected in 37.5% (15/40) of the GCs and 5% (2/40) of the GANMs with LPCR, as was the cell-type-specific enhancer; however, the positive rate of E6 was 27.5% (11/40) in GCs and 0% (0/40) in GANMs, respectively, with ISPCR. HPV16 DNA was mainly located in the nucleus of gastric glandular epithelium cells. The infection rate of HPV16 DNA in GCs was higher than that in GANMs (P=0.0004), and the HPV16 had no statistical correlations with sex, age, invasion, grading or lymph node metastasis (P>0.05). The infection rate of HPV16 in cardiac GCs was significantly higher than that in noncardiac ones (P=0.0136), and HPV16 had no correlation with Hp in GCs (P=0.0829). Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis indicated that there was no statistical difference between the LPCR and ISPCR methods in our study through optimizing parameters in ISPCR procedures (P=0.768)., Conclusions: These findings suggested that HPV16 can infect gastric glandular epithelium cells and that viral infection might play a role in the occurrence of GCs independent of or without the cooperation of an Hp infection.