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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Maternal serum triglyceride (TG) level is known to be associated with neonatal birth weight. Although Koreans traditionally consume relatively high amounts of grain and grain products, mainly in the form of white rice, and the consumption is positively associated with serum TG levels, no study has investigated the relationship between dietary grain intake, serum TG levels and neonatal birth weight in pregnant women. This study was conducted to identify the association between infant birth weight and maternal intake of grain, as well as serum TG levels. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Subjects were 1011 pregnant women at 12-28 weeks' gestational age and their offspring. Maternal serum TG levels, dietary intake and infant birth weight were measured. RESULTS: Serum TG levels were positively related to neonatal birth weight both at mid-pregnancy (P = 0.0015) and at late pregnancy (P < 0.0001). Such an association only existed in subjects with the highest tertile of grain intake at mid- pregnancy (P = 0.0055) but was observed in all tertiles at late pregnancy (1st P = 0.0186, 2nd P = 0.0146, 3rd P = 0.0099). CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between maternal TG levels and infant birth weight may depend on dietary grain intake and stages of pregnancy in Korean pregnant women. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2015) 69, 676-680; doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.271; published online 17 December 2014, INTRODUCTION Traditionally, grain consumption is comparably high in Asian populations, including Koreans. The traditional Korean diet is mainly composed of refined white rice (high amylose, about 35% of energy), which [...]