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It has been demonstrated that leptin concentrations in obese patients may be altered by weight loss. We examined the effects of a 9-week aerobic exercise program on serum leptin concentrations in overweight women (20–50% above ideal body mass) under conditions of weight stability. Sixteen overweight women, mean (SE) age 42.75 (1.64) years, comprised the exercise group which adhered to a supervised aerobic exercise program. A graded exercise treadmill test was conducted before and after the exercise program to determine maximal oxygen uptake ( V?O 2max) using open-circuit spirometry. The women demonstrated improved aerobic fitness ( V?O 2max increased 12.29%), however, body fat and the body mass index did not change significantly [42.27 (1.35)–41.87 (1.33)%]. Fourteen women, age 40.57 (2.80) years, did not exercise over the same time period and served as a control group. Serum leptin levels were not significantly altered for either the exercise [28.00 (2.13)–31.04 (2.71)?ng?·?ml -1] or the control group [33.24 (3.78)–34.69 (3.14) ng?·?mg -1]. The data indicate that 9 weeks of aerobic exercise improves aerobic fitness, but does not affect leptin concentrations in overweight women.