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PurposeTo compare the diagnostic value of relative sit-to-stand muscle power with grip strength or gait speed for identifying a history of recurrent falls and fractures in older adults.MethodsData from an outpatient clinic included anthropometry (height/weight), bone density, 5 times sit-to-stand time (stopwatch and standardized chair), grip strength (hydraulic dynamometer), and gait speed (4 m). Relative sit-to-stand muscle power (W.kg−1, normalised to body mass) was calculated using a validated equation. Outcomes of falls (past 1 year) and fractures (past 5 years) were self-reported and verified by medical records wherever possible. Binary logistic regression considering for potential confounders (age, sex, BMI, Charlson comorbidity index, femoral neck bone density) and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were used in statistical analysis.Results508 community-dwelling older adults (median age: 78 years, interquartile range: 72, 83, 75.2% women) were included. Compared to greater relative sit-to-stand muscle power (1.62–3.78W.kg−1 for women; 2.03–3.90W.kg−1 for men), those with extremely low relative sit-to-stand muscle power were 2.35 (95% CI 1.54, 3.60, p ConclusionRelative sit-to-stand muscle power performed slightly (but not statistically) better than grip strength or gait speed for identifying a history of recurrent falls and fractures in older adults. However, all tests showed low diagnostic power.

To summarize current evidence on osteosarcopenia. Knowledge on osteosarcopenia as a geriatric syndrome is growing. This will facilitate the development of robust biomarkers and new treatments with dual effect on muscle and bone. When assessing older persons for osteoporosis, concomitant assessment for sarcopenia (and vice versa) should be included as an essential part of the comprehensive geriatric assessment. Osteosarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome characterized by declines in bone density and microarchitecture and muscle mass and strength, which has gained clinical interest due to its association with falls and fragility fractures. This review discusses the epidemiology of osteosarcopenia including clinical assessment, the pathophysiological aspects leading to the loss of muscle and bone mass, and efficacious therapeutic strategies to combat this syndrome. The etiology of osteosarcopenia is thought to include genetic and environmental factors which interact with muscle and bone at the cellular level, reinforcing that these tissues are interconnected not only by mechanical aspects, but also by humoral factors. Osteosarcopenia is identified by low muscle and bone mass and impaired strength of these tissues via imaging and physical performance measures. The diagnosis of osteosarcopenia is of clinical importance since early interventions, particularly resistance exercise, and adequate intake of protein, vitamin D and calcium, may delay the onset of individual components (osteopenia/sarcopenia) of osteosarcopenia.

To investigate the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and the severity of sarcopenia using the revised European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) definition. Osteoporosis was associated with a greater risk of sarcopenia when using the European definition. Health care professionals should screen for sarcopenia in those with osteoporosis. To investigate the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and the severity of sarcopenia using the revised European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) definition. BMD [dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)], appendicular lean mass (DXA), handgrip strength (hydraulic dynamometer) and gait speed (over 4-m) were used to screen for osteoporosis and sarcopenia. Participants were categorized as osteoporotic according to the World Health Organization definition (T score ≤ − 2.5), and classified with probable sarcopenia or confirmed sarcopenia according to the EWGSOP2 criteria. Fasting biochemistry profile, fragility fractures, malnutrition index, geriatric depression scale and fear of falling, were also measured using validated procedures. A total of 484 community-dwelling older adults (69.6% women) with a median age of 76 years [Interquartile range (IQR) 70–81] were included in this study. Osteoporosis prevalence increased from 47.6% in non-sarcopenia to 65.5% in probable sarcopenia and 78.1% in those with confirmed sarcopenia (p