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Abstract: The selective sorption of cesium by some soils, minerals, and natural mineral sorbents was studied using new methodological and experimental approaches. It was found that the total capacity of two types of highly selective sorption sites significantly differing (by several orders of magnitude) in the selectivity coefficients of Cs-K ion exchange makes up 0.5–6% of the total capacity of the ion exchanger. The values of the radiocesium interception potential were determined for the studied soils and minerals.