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Background: A mucosal oral ulceration is epithelium damage that occurs anywhere inside the oral cavity. It is deep breakdown in the continuity of oral epithelium occur due to molecular necrosis associated with pain, redness and tenderness of affected site Curcumin was a turmeric extract, its multifaceted biological effects such as, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-carcinogenic and anti- infectious effects. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of topical application of curcumin on mucosal oral ulcer healing. Materials and methods: Thirty-six male white New Zealand rabbits age between (2-8) months with body weight between (1000-1400 gm), were subjected to traumatic ulcer by 'punch biopsy' on the right side of the buccal mucosa, with diameter of (8 mm) and (2mm) depth. The animals divided into two groups; control group: the ulcer treated with sterilized distal water, the experimental group: the ulcer treated with 1% curcumin oral gel. The rabbits were sacrificed at 3rd, 7th and 14th days. Clinical assessment of ulcer size and histological and histomorphometric analysis of H&E slide in both control and study groups. Results: The present study showed that the curcumin treatment reduce mucosal ulcer area from the 3rd day till 7th day and improved ulcer healing at 14th day by activation of epithelial cell, inhibit inflammatory cells, enhance endothelial cells and promote fibroblast cells. While control group showed limited healing process of mucosal ulceration from early period of 3rd day with minimal contraction at the 7th day and incomplete healing at 14th day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]