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With its opening on the world market, the city of Algiers, or El-Djezaïr, (capital of Algeria) has become an attractive destination for business tourism. Although, its coast, rich in beaches and seaside resorts, often undergoes a massive tourism that endangers its environment identity. Hence, it would be of first interest to set-up a touristic development strategy aiming the littoral safeguard. The main scope of this paper is the littoral tourism requalification in Algiers by reinterpreting the leisure and recreation facilities that existed there before 1830. Moreover, it focus on the valuation of its territorial heritage: fountains, summer residences, and mostly the natural paths that used to connect the city port to the hinterland since the earliest times.Indeed, before 1830, El-Djezaïr had its "Fahs”, a territory famous by its "djenanes": a kind of summer residences within fabulous gardens facing the sea. Often seemed like deserted museums, the "djenanes" could constitute a key opportunity coastal tourism requalification. One of the alternatives would be their reconversion into touristic structures for scientific, business, leisure and recreational tourism. The paper presents the case of “La Villa du Traité”, a commemorative place related to the capitulation of the city of Algiers in 1830. The place is proposed to become a center of ethics where national and international scientific events in Medicine could be held.

The hospital Aziza Othmana is the oldest Tunisian hospital still exercise. This and the services he rendered, especially during the period when the country was poorly equipped in public health services, have earned him a historical dimension. This is reinforced by a heritage value related to the site, the hospital being located in the Medina, the oldest part of the city, and its first core was housed in a building of historical value.Such context and evolution have earned the hospital historical and heritage significance. But they did not have only advantages. The hospital sometimes even seemed victim of such prestige. On different occasions, it was obliged to cope with various constraints in a context where it was necessary to reconcile the requirements of the site and those related to the accomplishment of a mission requiring a specific workspace. In addition, the fact that the management did not always have the same objective and that the approaches varied from one period to the next have complicated the situation. During the first decades, one of the main concerns was to extend the hospital’s area to provide premises and care services necessary to face the growing demand of the population. But the extension of the workspace has been realized without a pre-established plan. This has not prepared for the present requirements for the exercise of a modern medicine. The site also begins to experience new constraints related to accessibility in relation with the expansion of the urbanization and the development of the car fleet.This paper tries to present the specificities of this hospital and the importance of its contribution especially at its beginnings. The goal is also, and above all, to try to understand the evolution since the creation of this institution. Particular attention is given to the built space and its organization as well as the duality between the requirements of its functionality and the fulfilment of the mission of care, on the one hand, and those imposed by the historical value and heritage interest of the site, on the other hand.

This article refers to what some writers call, in Brazil, "new territories". Since the debates during the Federal Constitution elaboration, in 1988, they have been implemented, wholly or partly, within the jurisdiction of a state, a municipality, or a district. This paper addresses two types of environmental conservation reserves: an "extractive reserve" conquered by rural people at the confluence of the rivers Xingu and Amazon; and a "marine reserve" of rural populations on the northern coast of Brazil - both in the federal state of Pará. In Brazil as in Europe, these initiatives aim at better living standards and collective development of local populations. In Brazil, these have been linked to the respect of their collective rights to use the forests, wood, water streams and mangroves. To varying degrees, these territories result from struggles in defense of natural resources that were source of livelihood, lifestyle and culture of the inhabitants, in short, their heritage – against the invasion of "foreigners", timber companies, large farms and fishers. This text contrasts, through sociological analysis, the interest groups, the stakeholders, the challenges and their development prospects vis-à-vis the present and future generations.

Some Corsican cities like Bastia, Bonifacio, Calvi or Corte have old centers enshrined in military engineering works build originally for defensive functions: the citadels. This article invited to question the patrimony of insular urban citadels not for itself, but like the object of social and symbolic system, taken in patrimonialization process who engaged various logics of actions and conditions of operations, many actors and uses. So, it’s this unstable pluralism of patrimonial uses and representations that had been prioritized to grasp the social, cultural, politic and symbolic stakes bounded locally at these processes. This paper is based on field’s works realized in Calvi, in Balagna area, located in west Corsica.

With its opening on the world market, the city of Algiers, or El-Djezaïr, (capital of Algeria) has become an attractive destination for business tourism. Although, its coast, rich in beaches and seaside resorts, often undergoes a massive tourism that endangers its environment identity. Hence, it would be of first interest to set-up a touristic development strategy aiming the littoral safeguard. The main scope of this paper is the littoral tourism requalification in Algiers by reinterpreting the leisure and recreation facilities that existed there before 1830. Moreover, it focus on the valuation of its territorial heritage: fountains, summer residences, and mostly the natural paths that used to connect the city port to the hinterland since the earliest times.Indeed, before 1830, El-Djezaïr had its "Fahs”, a territory famous by its "djenanes": a kind of summer residences within fabulous gardens facing the sea. Often seemed like deserted museums, the "djenanes" could constitute a key opportunity coastal tourism requalification. One of the alternatives would be their reconversion into touristic structures for scientific, business, leisure and recreational tourism. The paper presents the case of “La Villa du Traité”, a commemorative place related to the capitulation of the city of Algiers in 1830. The place is proposed to become a center of ethics where national and international scientific events in Medicine could be held.

Some Corsican cities like Bastia, Bonifacio, Calvi or Corte have old centers enshrined in military engineering works build originally for defensive functions: the citadels. This article invited to question the patrimony of insular urban citadels not for itself, but like the object of social and symbolic system, taken in patrimonialization process who engaged various logics of actions and conditions of operations, many actors and uses. So, it’s this unstable pluralism of patrimonial uses and representations that had been prioritized to grasp the social, cultural, politic and symbolic stakes bounded locally at these processes. This paper is based on field’s works realized in Calvi, in Balagna area, located in west Corsica.

The hospital Aziza Othmana is the oldest Tunisian hospital still exercise. This and the services he rendered, especially during the period when the country was poorly equipped in public health services, have earned him a historical dimension. This is reinforced by a heritage value related to the site, the hospital being located in the Medina, the oldest part of the city, and its first core was housed in a building of historical value.Such context and evolution have earned the hospital historical and heritage significance. But they did not have only advantages. The hospital sometimes even seemed victim of such prestige. On different occasions, it was obliged to cope with various constraints in a context where it was necessary to reconcile the requirements of the site and those related to the accomplishment of a mission requiring a specific workspace. In addition, the fact that the management did not always have the same objective and that the approaches varied from one period to the next have complicated the situation. During the first decades, one of the main concerns was to extend the hospital’s area to provide premises and care services necessary to face the growing demand of the population. But the extension of the workspace has been realized without a pre-established plan. This has not prepared for the present requirements for the exercise of a modern medicine. The site also begins to experience new constraints related to accessibility in relation with the expansion of the urbanization and the development of the car fleet.This paper tries to present the specificities of this hospital and the importance of its contribution especially at its beginnings. The goal is also, and above all, to try to understand the evolution since the creation of this institution. Particular attention is given to the built space and its organization as well as the duality between the requirements of its functionality and the fulfilment of the mission of care, on the one hand, and those imposed by the historical value and heritage interest of the site, on the other hand.

This article refers to what some writers call, in Brazil, "new territories". Since the debates during the Federal Constitution elaboration, in 1988, they have been implemented, wholly or partly, within the jurisdiction of a state, a municipality, or a district. This paper addresses two types of environmental conservation reserves: an "extractive reserve" conquered by rural people at the confluence of the rivers Xingu and Amazon; and a "marine reserve" of rural populations on the northern coast of Brazil - both in the federal state of Pará. In Brazil as in Europe, these initiatives aim at better living standards and collective development of local populations. In Brazil, these have been linked to the respect of their collective rights to use the forests, wood, water streams and mangroves. To varying degrees, these territories result from struggles in defense of natural resources that were source of livelihood, lifestyle and culture of the inhabitants, in short, their heritage – against the invasion of "foreigners", timber companies, large farms and fishers. This text contrasts, through sociological analysis, the interest groups, the stakeholders, the challenges and their development prospects vis-à-vis the present and future generations.