21 results
Search Results
2. Racialized politics of garbage: waste management in urban Roma settlements in Eastern Europe.
- Author
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Dunajeva, Jekatyerina and Kostka, Joanna
- Subjects
RACIALIZATION ,WASTE management ,ROMANIES ,RACISM - Abstract
Disproportionate exposure to adverse environmental conditions is part of the complex cycle of dispossession and racial discrimination faced by marginalized minorities in Europe—primarily the Roma. The concept of environmental justice or the analysis of environmental risk along racial dimensions are largely absent from policy debates. This is a critical omission considering that the consolidation of neoliberal governance powerfully recomposes access to public services and individualizes collective responsibilities for a safe environment. Driven by competitive logic, neoliberalism champions the zero-sum game where losers are either abandoned or punished by the governing apparatus. This article argues that neoliberal governance, underpinned by moral appeals and racist imaginaries, legitimizes repression of marginalized groups such as the Roma. The primary purpose of this paper is to fill a theoretical and conceptual gap in the literature linking environmental issues to racism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. "Race" and the upsurge of antagonistic popular movements in Sweden.
- Author
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Schierup, Carl-Ulrik, Ålund, Aleksandra, and Neergaard, Anders
- Subjects
RACISM ,SOCIAL movements ,POPULISM ,IMMIGRATION opponents ,HOSTILITY ,NEOLIBERALISM ,NEW right (Politics) - Abstract
Across a crisis-stricken Europe battles rage for post-neoliberal hegemony, with "race" and "austerity" as central signifiers. One of the places where the frontlines are most pregnant is Sweden; long perceived as a role model for its welfare state, cultural equity and social equality. Sweden is, however, facing social conflicts following in the tracks of a deep transformation in terms of welfare cuts, racialization and growing social polarization, targeting in particular a disadvantaged migrant and post-migrant population. On that background, the paper focuses on the upsurge of mutually antagonistic popular movements - "racist" and "anti-racist". We use Sweden as an exemplary case of Europe's present Polanyian moment, reminiscent of the 1930s. Yet, current upheavals expound, the authors claim, a different configuration of crisis and racism as well as a dissimilar utopia for the imagineering of nation and community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Doubly estranged: racism, the body and reflection.
- Author
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Garratt, Lindsey
- Subjects
IMMIGRANTS ,HUMAN body & society ,SOCIAL alienation ,INTROSPECTION ,PSYCHOLOGY of boys ,SELF-consciousness (Sensitivity) ,RACISM ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
This paper introduces the concept of “double estrangement”. Drawing on a large qualitative dataset it will argue that young migrant group boys in Dublin’s north inner city suffer from a break with their embodied selves as they are pushed between habitual and reflective action. The dual elements of “double estrangement” will be outlined, firstly, through the contention that visible difference and dispositions of the body mark minority boys out as not belonging within peer exchanges in three primary schools. Secondly, by arguing this has the effect of heightening a boy’s self-consciousness of their body as an object of value estranging them from their habitual embodied being. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. The collective singularity of anti-racist actors: a case study of the Roma minority in the Czech Republic.
- Author
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Hušek, Petr and Tvrdá, Kateřina
- Subjects
ROMANIES ,ANTI-racism ,COLLECTIVE action ,DISCOURSE -- Social aspects ,RACISM ,TWENTY-first century ,SOCIAL history - Abstract
This paper focuses on building a theory of collective singularity using the case of anti-racist collectives targeting the marginalized Roma minority in the Czech Republic. The collective singularity concept is one in which the values, norms, and practices that constitute a collective render it impossible for the group to transcend its own axioms in any manner other than by rejecting precisely these constitutive elements. The concept of anti-racism contains the trope of ‘the other’, perceived not only as an object of protection, integration, assistance, and interest, but also as an object under pressure to find its own (anti-)concept. Anti-racism oscillates around four dispositives (hysteria, paternalism, individualism, bionumerics) and finds itself unable to follow a radical pluralism with the potential to undermine the roots of the hegemonic discourse. As a result, the dispositives of anti-racism essentially become a ‘hidden’ form of disciplination, reproducing oppression and the impossibility of self-deconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Online Islamophobia and the politics of fear: manufacturing the green scare.
- Author
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Ekman, Mattias
- Subjects
ISLAMOPHOBIA ,ONLINE social networks ,FEAR & society ,RACISM ,MUJAHIDEEN ,MUSLIMS ,WESTERN civilization ,ISLAM & society ,SOCIOLOGY of blogging ,DISCOURSE -- Social aspects ,RIGHT-wing extremism ,MULTICULTURALISM ,COMPUTER network resources ,MULTICULTURALISM -- Social aspects - Abstract
Negative attitudes and explicit racism against Muslims are increasingly visible in public discourse throughout Europe. Right-wing populist parties have strengthened their positions by focusing on the ‘Islamic threat’ to the West. Concurrently, the Internet has facilitated a space where racist attitudes towards Muslims are easily disseminated into the public debate, fuelling animosity against European Muslims. This paper explores part of the online Islamophobic network and scrutinizes the discursive strategies deployed by three ‘prominent’ online actors. By combining social network analysis and critical discourse analysis, the study shows that Islamophobic web pages constitute a dynamic network with ties to different political and geographical milieus. They create a seemingly mainstream political position by framing racist standpoints as a defence of Western values and freedom of speech. The study also shows that Islamophobic discourse is strengthened by xenophobic currents within mass media, and by the legitimization of intellectuals and political actors. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Whitening a diverse Dutch classroom: white cultural discourses in an Amsterdam primary school.
- Author
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Weiner, Melissa F.
- Subjects
RACIAL identity of white people ,PRIMARY schools ,EDUCATION ,DUTCH national character ,WHITE people ,DISCOURSE -- Social aspects ,RACE & society ,RACISM ,MINORITY students ,CLASSROOMS -- Social aspects ,TWENTY-first century ,RELIGION ,EDUCATION & society ,SOCIAL conditions of students ,MANNERS & customs ,SOCIAL history - Abstract
Diverse schools have become the norm throughout much of what is considered the West. Many urban classrooms feature few white European children but are located in nations dominated by Eurocentric epistemologies and discourses that oppress minority students by devaluing their cultures. Most European scholarship fails to analyse cultures of whiteness in educational settings. This paper addresses this gap by documenting cultural discourses of whiteness infusing a diverse primary school classroom in Amsterdam. Discourses reflecting white cultural norms of order, time, cleanliness, and Western and Christian superiority dominated a classroom containing only one white Dutch child. These discourses contribute to diverse students' explicit racialization while promoting the supremacy of white Dutch culture. They are both assimilationist and exclusionary, suggesting that many students, because of their backgrounds, will never be considered fully Dutch. Findings are of relevance to all nations dominated by white cultures with large populations of students of colour. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Resonance and reach: discussions on racism between the UK and Germany from the late 1970s.
- Author
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Bojadžijev, Manuela
- Subjects
RACISM ,ANTI-racism ,MARXIST philosophy ,HISTORY of capitalism ,CULTURAL studies ,IDEOLOGY ,NEW left (Politics) ,RACE & society ,HISTORY ,HISTORY of racism - Abstract
In this paper I investigate the resonance of the volumeThe Empire Strikes Backwithin the debates on racism in Germany since the late 1970s. I am interested in this long-term intellectual exchange in light of the current need to conceptualize racism in a European framework and thereby reflect upon the characteristics, concepts and possibilities of such a framework. I begin by situating the debate at that time within the context of the New Left. What connected both situations, in Germany and the UK, was an inscription of the then-ongoing anti-colonial and decolonial struggles of the South in the North, not least through the ‘retaliatory effect’ of migration movements and struggles of migration arriving in Europe. I argue that the understandings of racism and anti-racism are grounded in a materialist framework and that the concept of articulation helped and continues to help thinking the complexity and heterogeneity of the social. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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9. Terms of exclusion: public views towards admission and allocation of rights to immigrants in European countries.
- Author
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Gorodzeisky, Anastasia and Semyonov, Moshe
- Subjects
ETHNIC conflict ,EQUAL rights ,ETHNIC relations ,RACIAL & ethnic attitudes ,SOCIAL problems ,SOCIAL conditions of immigrants ,SOCIAL conditions in Europe ,20TH century European history - Abstract
The paper contends that exclusionary views towards out-group populations are formed along two dimensions: exclusion from the country and exclusion from equal rights. Data obtained from the European Social Survey (for twenty-one countries) reveal that objection to the admission of foreigners to the country is more pronounced than objection to the allocation of 'equal rights'. The data further suggest that objection to admission can be directed either at all non-nationals or only at ethnic and racial minorities. 'Total exclusionists' (i.e. support exclusion of all non-nationals) are more likely to support the denial of foreigners from equal rights than 'racial exclusionists' (i.e. support only exclusion of ethnic minorities). Multi-level analyses show that support for exclusion is also influenced by socio-economic characteristics of individuals (e.g. education, political orientation) and characteristics of their countries (e.g. size of the non-European population). The findings are discussed in light of sociological theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. The "migrant crisis" as racial crisis: do Black Lives Matter in Europe?
- Author
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De Genova, Nicholas
- Subjects
EUROPEAN Migrant Crisis, 2015-2016 ,BLACK Lives Matter movement ,RACE & society ,MUSLIMS ,REFUGEES ,BORDER security ,RACISM ,EUROPEAN politics & government ,TWENTY-first century - Abstract
We are currently witnessing a remarkable conjuncture between the escalation, acceleration, and diversification of migrant and refugee mobilities, on the one hand, and the mutually constitutive crises of "European" borders and "European" identity, on the other, replete with reanimated reactionary populist nationalisms and racialized nativisms, the routinization of antiterrorist securitization, and pervasive and entrenched "Islamophobia" (or more precisely, anti-Muslim racism). Despite the persistence of racial denial and the widespread refusal to frankly confront questions of "race" across Europe, the current constellation of "crises" presents precisely what can only be adequately comprehended as an unresolved racial crisis that derives fundamentally from the postcolonial condition of "Europe" as a whole, and therefore commands heightened scrutiny and rigorous investigation of the material and practical as well as discursive and symbolic productions of the co-constituted figures of "Europe" and "crisis" in light of racial formations theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. The hieroglyphics of the border: racial stigma in neoliberal Europe.
- Author
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Tyler, Imogen
- Subjects
RACISM ,EUROPEAN Migrant Crisis, 2015-2016 ,IMMIGRATION policy ,BORDER security ,SOCIAL stigma ,NEOLIBERALISM -- Social aspects ,EMIGRATION & immigration ,SOCIAL history - Abstract
In the summer of 2015, 1.5 million refugees arrived at Europe's borders. This article examines how and why this humanitarian crisis was transformed into a "racist crisis". It begins by recounting a highly publicized event in the Czech Republic which saw police forcibly removing hundreds of people from trains at midnight in the border town of Břeclav, before inking numbers on their arms and transporting them to detention centres. Thinking with this scene, the article develops the conceptual framework of "racial stigma" to capture some of the multiple practices that characterize border regimes in contemporary Europe. Racism, it argues, is the stigma machine of sovereign power in neoliberal Europe. The article concludes with some reflections on how Europe's current "racist crisis" reanimates both historical spectres of race and spectral geographies of racism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Theorizing visibility and vulnerability in Black Europe and the African diaspora.
- Author
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Small, Stephen
- Subjects
AFRICAN diaspora ,BLACK people ,PSYCHOLOGICAL vulnerability ,IMPERIALISM & society ,RACISM ,EUROPEAN emigration & immigration - Abstract
Europe is comprised of at least 46 nations with an estimated population of at least 770 million, a black population of more than 7 million, over 90% of whom live in just 12 nations. The black population in each nation reveals distinct differences, including national, religious and ethnic origins and gender dynamics. They also have striking similarities in their ambiguous visibility and endemic vulnerability; in political and scholarly explanations; and in black people’s expressed racial identity and social mobilization. I explore the research implications of centering these similarities in our analysis; and suggest several insights from thinking about these striking similarities in Black Europe as a whole, rather than focusing primarily on individual nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Violence against migrants in Greece: beyond the Golden Dawn.
- Author
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Karamanidou, Lena
- Subjects
CRIMES against immigrants ,IMMIGRANTS ,IMMIGRATION opponents ,DISCOURSE -- Social aspects ,RACISM ,VIOLENCE ,GREEK politics & government ,TWENTY-first century - Abstract
Violence perpetrated against migrants by Golden Dawn was rarely investigated or prosecuted by Greek authorities and was discursively constructed as exceptional, contrary to the norms of Greek democracy and committed by marginalized individuals and groups. The article argues that state responses have been shaped by racialized discourses and policies on migration and racism. Anti-migrant violence has been legitimated through three interlinked discursive strategies: a narrative of 'isolated events'; the denial of its racialized nature; and the rationalization of both state and non-state anti-migrant violence as a regrettable yet understandable defensive reaction to the threats posed by migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Impossible presence: race, nation and the cultural politics of ‘being Norwegian’.
- Author
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McIntosh, Laurie
- Subjects
AFRICANS ,IMMIGRATION policy ,RACE & society ,RACISM ,NORWEGIAN national character ,SOCIAL integration ,MULTICULTURALISM ,TWENTY-first century ,HISTORY ,SOCIAL history - Abstract
Norwegians of African descent often find themselves at the centre of debates regarding the ‘problem’ of immigrant integration, the challenge of self-identification and the elusive nature of the multicultural promise. This essay examines how Norwegians of African descent perceive and (re)construct the ideological processes through which they are incorporated into understandings of the nation. Based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted between 2005 and 2011, I analyse two extended interviews that represent key questions raised during discussions with forty interviewees. How does one engage the presumption of solidarity and universal goodness, common to characterizations of the Nordic region, which nevertheless render certain bodies and identities illegible and ‘impossible’? How is race ascribed meaning in the Norwegian context? My interlocutors invoke a particular moral vocabulary of belonging when describing experiences with implicit and explicit forms of racism. These ‘encounter narratives’ reveal national anxieties about race and cultural belonging, situated within historical preoccupations with identity and ‘sameness’. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Post-race, post politics: the paradoxical rise of culture after multiculturalism.
- Author
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Lentin, Alana
- Subjects
POSTRACIALISM ,MULTICULTURALISM ,MULTICULTURALISM -- Social aspects ,RACISM ,POLITICS & culture ,CULTURAL pluralism ,EQUALITY ,TWENTY-first century ,HISTORY ,MUSLIMS ,SOCIAL history ,MANNERS & customs - Abstract
Declarations of the end of race ignore the continuing impact of racism upon socio-economic inequality in ‘racial states’. Nevertheless, the idea of post-racialism has gained ground in a post-9/11 era, defined by a growing suspicion of diversity. Clearly racialized, this suspicion is couched in cultural-civilizational terms that attempt to avoid the charge of racism. Hence, attempts to counteract the purported failure of multiculturalism in Europe today pose culturalist solutions to problems deemed to originate from an excess of cultural diversity. This is part of a deepening culturalization of politics in which the post-race argument belongs to a post-political logic that shunspoliticalexplanations of unrest and widening disintegration in favour of reductive culturalist ones. The culturalization of politics is elaborated by relating it to the displacement of the political that originated with the nineteenth-century ascendance of race, thus setting ‘post-racialism’ firmly within the history of modern racism. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. The imagination of ‘society’ in measurements of immigrant integration.
- Author
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Schinkel, Willem
- Subjects
IMMIGRANTS ,IMAGINATION -- Social aspects ,RACISM ,SOCIOLOGY ,EMIGRATION & immigration ,TWENTY-first century ,MANNERS & customs ,SOCIAL history - Abstract
My aim in this contribution is to clarify in which way social scientific measurements of immigrant integration operate as a form of ‘social imagination’, that is, of the routinized and professionalized visualization of social life. Through such measurements, images of ‘society’ are produced that feed into larger social imaginaries. My discussion takes as an example Dutch discourse and research on integration. Crucial to the constitution of society in the Netherlands and many other Western European countries is what I call a culturist discourse that has many similarities to racism. This discourse demarcates the boundaries of society by rendering objectively observable the non-integrated who are considered to reside ‘outside society’. The image of society thereby produced is that of a morally cleansed realm: social problems are relegated to the domain ‘outside society’, consisting of persons in need of integration. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. ‘Islamophobia never stands still’: race, religion, and culture.
- Author
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Taras, Raymond
- Subjects
ISLAMOPHOBIA ,RACIALIZATION ,RACISM ,MUSLIMS ,DISCRIMINATION (Sociology) ,ISLAM & culture ,PSYCHOLOGY ,HISTORY ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,RELIGION - Abstract
Islamophobia bundles religious, ethnic and cultural prejudices together even though a narrow definition of the term flags religion as playing the central part. Calls for decoupling religion from ethnicity and culture appear justifiable: religions are increasingly disconnected from the cultures in which they have been embedded. But established political discourse infrequently makes such distinctions and may go further to racialize cultural and religious attributes of non-Europeans through essentialist framing. Islamophobia becomes a cryptic articulation of race and racism even if overtly it appears as religiously-based prejudice. Islam has been culturalized and racialized by its adherents and antagonists alike. Survey data on attitudes towards Muslims confirm such framing: the most common grounds given for experiencing discrimination was race or ethnic origin; religion and belief system were cited less often. Racialization, race and differential racism have become more endemic to Islamophobesã stigmatizing of Muslims, but to categorize Islamophobes as racists is bad politics. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Semantics, scales and solidarities in the study of antisemitism and Islamophobia.
- Author
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Meer, Nasar
- Subjects
RACISM ,ANTISEMITISM ,ISLAMOPHOBIA ,EUROPEAN Jews ,SEMANTICS ,MUSLIMS in non-Islamic countries ,SOCIAL history ,EDUCATION - Abstract
This article delineates a number of conceptual-normative, analytical and political concerns, characterized as matters of (1) ‘semantics’, (2) ‘scales’ and (3) ‘solidarities’, in the ways in which we can approach an understanding of the relationships between antisemitism and Islamophobia. As such it takes its cue from Goldberg's (2009) insistence that in addition to comparativist methodologies employed in the study of race and racism, we also need relational methodologies. That is to say that where the former compares and contrasts, the latter also seeks to connect. In so doing, the article harnesses the explanatory power of long-established organizing concepts within the study of race and racism, to explore how racial categories of religious minorities continue to be formed. Taking its cue from the introduction to this special issue (Meer this issue), this article explores what purchase the ideas of ‘cultural racism’ and ‘racialization’ can bring to bear on our conceptualization of each. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Race in mainland European legal analysis: towards a European critical race theory.
- Author
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Möschel, Mathias
- Subjects
CRITICAL race theory ,RACISM ,DISCRIMINATION (Sociology) ,POSTRACIALISM - Abstract
Critical Race Theory (CRT), an American legal theory, has been known for bringing race into left-wing legal analysis and for introducing power- and domination-related arguments into more traditional civil rights scholarship. So far, continental European legal literature has barely heeded CRT. This article seeks to assess CRT's potential contribution in analysing the relationship between race and law in the European context which is characterized by the invisibilization of race and by the narrow legal view of what constitutes racism. The case of French Republican colour-blindness illustrates the European model's contradictions with regard to the (non-)use of race. Instead of eliminating race, a more race-conscious legal analysis, as proposed by CRT in the United States, better addresses the lived experience of racism by people of colour in Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Racial Europeanization.
- Author
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Theo Goldberg, David
- Subjects
RACE ,RACE relations ,ETHNOLOGY ,CROSS-cultural communication ,SOCIAL structure ,RACISM ,WAR & society ,MUSLIMS - Abstract
This article examines what race has meant in and to Europe. If Europe has different, if related, histories of racial thinking, expression, imposition, and exclusion, how has it been shaped, in part, as specific region in the figure of race even as race, in the aftermath of World War II, is largely denied as a category applicable to human groups? And what today does Europe as a region, and the societies constituting it with all their internal variations, contribute, especially in the popular imaginary, to the extensions of racial meanings and to thinking critically about the racial ordering of social structure, racist exclusions, and social markings? This study is concerned with mapping the racial contours of contemporary European self-conception, historically understood, tracing the figures in the European imaginary of the European, the black, the Jew, and the Muslim. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. THE CRISES OF MULTICULTURALISM. RACISM IN A NEOLIBERAL AGE.
- Author
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Dobbernack, Jan
- Subjects
MULTICULTURALISM -- Social aspects ,RACISM ,NONFICTION - Abstract
A review of the book "The Crises of Multiculturalism. Racism in a Neoliberal Age," by Alana Lentin and Gavan Titley is presented.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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