Search

El presente trabajo forma parte de una investigación sobre teorías implícitas en creatividad artística. Lo que aquí se presenta, en primer lugar, es el estudio sobre las síntesis del conocimiento consistente en el desarrollo proposicional de las teorías definidas mediante un estudio historiográfico previo y el estudio normativo con los resultados de la aplicación a una muestra del cuestionario confeccionado con las proposiciones en las que se habían formulado las ideas correspondientes a cada teoría. Las teorías aisladas fueron definidas como: teoría de la expresión emocional, teoría del trastorno psicológico, teoría de la búsqueda de sí mismo, teoría de la comunicación y teoría de las dotes innatas. Se comprueba, de esta forma, la naturaleza de esquema de la teoría implícita con sus contenidos organizados de acuerdo a un continuo de tipicidad. Por último, se presentan estudios experimentales sobre velocidad de procesamiento y juicios de verdad sobre una selección de los items más, menos y moderadamente típicos tomados del estudio normativo como un criterio de validación convergente de los resultados de dicho estudio. The paper deals with the study of conscious knowledge synthesis, as part of a research on implicit theories in artistic creativity. First, the propositional development of theories previously defined through a histographic study is reviewed. Then, the results of a normative study consisting in administering a questionnaire to a sample of students in which the ideas corresponding to each implicit theory were formulated are presented. The different theories were defined as: theory of emotional expression, theory of psychological disorder, theory of searching for oneself, theory of communication, and theory of innate talent. The study verifies the knowledge schema nature of implicit theory with its contents organised according to a typicality continuum. Finally, we present results of experimental studies on verification latencies and truth judgements on a selection of the most, least and moderately typical items in the normative study. It is observed that verification latencies and truth judgements change according to the typicality level of the proposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on place attachment and place identity has led to numerous definitions and theoretical positions on how they relate with each other. A line of research that aims to clarify previous results is concerned with the comparison of different cultural territories. The aim of this paper is to determine whether non-native residents differ in the level of place attachment and place identity taking into account differences in length of residence and territory chosen to immigrate. A questionnaire with scales of attachment and identity with the city was administered to a sample of 138 non-native residents in the island of Tenerife and 141 non-native residents in the state of Israel. Analyses show differences between the two places in the development of both bonds based on length of residence. The results are discussed based on the influence of culture in the development of bonds with the place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some research suggests that place attachment affects the perception of the environment, while others indicate that it is the perception of the place, especially the perceived restorativeness, that produces different levels of attachment. Also, it was observed that both perception of the environment and place attachment influence the quality of life. However, few studies analyse the combined weight of place attachment and perceived restorativeness of place on quality of life. This paper tests the relationship between place attachment, perceived restorativeness of place and quality of life in a rural village in Tenerife. The path model obtained indicates that the quality of life is influenced both by place attachment and perceived restorativeness, and that attachment influences the perception of place restoration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The focus of this paper is the role of local civic participation (activities on behalf of the neighbourhood, involvement in local organizations, membership of neighbourhood groups) to explain social and spatial bonds at a neighbourhood level. We are interested in exploring links between place attachment, place identity, sense of community, and local civic participation. Specifically, we explore the role of local civic participation in social and spatial bonds in places with an on-going participatory urban regeneration process. We selected four neighbourhoods in Valparaíso and one in Illapel (Chile) where a project of urban regeneration called "Quiero mi barrio" (I love my neighbourhood) promoted by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development of Chile was being developed. Scales of place attachment, place identity, sense of community and local civic participation were administered to a sample of 995 people in the two cities. The results show that civic participation is related to social and spatial bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En este trabajo revisamos las principales líneas de evidencia que indican que las personas codifican con frecuencia información que no accede a la conciencia. A partir de las disociaciones entre cognición y conciencia se han desarrollado algunas ideas sobre la organización de la mente. Uno de los planteamientos--modelo desconexionista--, sostiene que la conciencia depende de un procesador central, y que las disociaciones selectivas observadas en ciertos síndromes neuropsicológicos se deberían a que las patologías deterioran la transmisión desde los correspondientes módulos especializados de procesamiento automático de información al procesador central. Aun cuando es capaz de dar cuenta de muchas observaciones patológicas, este planteamiento no permite explicar las disociaciones inversas: aquéllas en las que existe conciencia de información que no genera las reacciones oportunas. Esto, junto con el aparente funcionamiento de ''dos sistemas visuales'', llevó a algunos autores a defender la existencia de módulos de conocimiento consciente e inconsciente diferentes en los diversos dominios cognitivos. Por nuestra parte, a la vista de que esta concepción multimodular de la conciencia no permite explicar algunas de sus peculiaridades operativas, como su carácter constructivo, unitario y limitado, proponemos un modelo mixto, en el que se integran algunas ventajas de los dos anteriores. A nivel consciente manejamos con frecuencia información distinta de la codificada automáticamente, pero esta información procedente de diferentes módulos, se integra en un sistema constructivo central, que otorga a la conciencia un papel controlador prioritario, así como las peculiaridades anteriormente señaladas, dentro de la cognición humana. Finalmente, analizamos la evidencia neurológica consistente con este planteamiento, así como su notable capacidad explicativa de las diversas disociaciones entre cognición y conciencia, en pacientes y en personas sanas. The present paper reviews the main lines of evidence that show that people frequently code information that does not access to consciousness. Based on the dissociations between cognition and consciousness, different ideas on the organization of the mind have been developed. One such approach--disconnection model--maintains that consciousness depends on a central processor, and that selective dissociations observed in some neuropsychological syndromes can be attributed to pathologic deterioration of the transmission between modules specialised in automatic processing of specific information and the central system of consciousness. Even though this approach is able to account for many pathological observations, it does not explain the inverse dissociations: when there is an information that appears in consciousness but appropriate reactions are not generated. This evidence, together with the apparent operation of ''two visual systems'', led some authors to defend the existence of different conscious and unconscious knowledge modules in every cognitive domain. For our part, as this multimodular conception of consciousness is not able to explain some of its operating peculiarities such as its constructive, unitary, and limited nature, we propose a mixed model, which integrates some advantages of the two previous ones. At a conscious level we frequently deal with information different from that which is automatically coded. But this information, originated in different modules, is integrated in a central constructive system that assigns to consciousness the main controlling role, together with the aforementioned peculiarities within human cognition. Finally, we analyse neurological evidence consistent with this approach, together with its remarkable explicative capacity of the various dissociations between cognition and consciousness, both in neurological patients and in healthy individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El estudio de la metacognición ha sido uno de los ámbitos de investigación más fructíferos de los últimos treinta años y su relevancia en diferentes campos de investigación teórica y aplicada es, en la actualidad, un hecho aceptado. El presente trabajo ofrece una revisión de los distintos procedimientos e instrumentos empleados para su evaluación. En él, tras una introducción centrada en aspectos conceptuales y de definición de la metacognición, se expondrán los distintos procedimientos que se han empleado con este objetivo, distinguiendo entre métodos individuales verbales, individuales no verbales y métodos basados en interacciones sociales. El artículo concluye señalando los principales problemas que aparecen en la evaluación de la metacognición y con algunas recomendaciones generales que parecen derivarse de la investigación actual para la valoración de los procesos metacognitivos. The study of metacognition has been one of the most fruitful areas of study of the past thirty years. Its relevance to different fields of empirical and applied research is currently widely accepted. The present article offers a review of different procedures and definitions used in its assessment. After an introduction centred on basic concepts and definitions related to metacognition, different procedures that can be found in the literature are presented. We distinguish between individual verbal, individual non-verbal and social interaction methods. To conclude, the paper points out the main problems arising in metacognitive assessment and makes some general recommendations based on present research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]