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Introduction: Abiraterone acetate plus prednisone (AAP) and enzalutamide (ENZ) are commonly prescribed for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Data comparing their effects on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) from routine clinical practice are limited., Methods: AQUARiUS (NCT02813408) is an ongoing, two-cohort, prospective, observational, non-randomised, multicentre, phase IV European study assessing the effects of AAP and ENZ on PROs in 211 patients with mCRPC over 12 months. Patients receive AAP or ENZ per routine clinical practice. Data on cognition, fatigue, pain and health-related quality of life are measured using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Function, Brief Fatigue Inventory-Short Form, Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life-C30 questionnaires, respectively., Results: This 3-month analysis was conducted in 105 patients; 46 received AAP and 59 received ENZ. There were statistically significant differences in mean change from baseline favouring AAP over ENZ at months 1, 2 and 3 for perceived cognitive impairments and cognitive functioning. At each time-point, ENZ-treated patients had a significantly higher risk of experiencing clinically meaningful worsening in perceived cognitive impairments versus those receiving AAP.Statistically significant differences in mean change from baseline favouring AAP over ENZ were seen for usual level of fatigue and fatigue interference at months 2 and 3 and for current fatigue and worse level of fatigue at month 3. Differences favouring AAP versus ENZ were seen for the fatigue scale of the QLQ-C30 questionnaire (months 1 and 3). There was a significantly higher risk of clinically meaningful worsening in usual level of fatigue with ENZ versus AAP at month 3.No significant differences between cohorts were observed for pain (BPI-SF) at any time-point., Conclusion: This analysis suggests more favourable outcomes with AAP versus ENZ for cognition and fatigue in the first 3 months of treatment initiation for mCRPC. These findings require confirmation from future analyses of data from AQUARiUS from a larger number of patients with a longer follow-up period., Competing Interests: Competing interests: AT-V reports grants and non-financial support from Janssen, personal fees from Astellas, grants from Janssen and Sanofi, grants and personal fees from Ipsen, Roche, BMS and Pfizer. GP serves on the advisory board and has received honoraria from Astellas and Janssen. AB has received personal fees from Janssen, Sanofi Aventis, Astellas and Roche. EP reports personal fees from Astellas, BMS and Clovis Oncology and non-financial support from Astellas, Clovis Oncology and Janssen. RT reports personal fees from Janssen-Cilag Astellas. LA, SVS and GeP are employees of Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V. and hold stock in Johnson & Johnson. ML is an employee of PAREXEL International Czech Republic s.r.o, on behalf of Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Beerse, Belgium. AR has received personal fees from Janssen.