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Background Worldwide, 1–2% of children are born premature and at risk for developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Preterm-born adults are at risk for early cardiovascular disease. The role of BPD is unclear. This study aims to examine cardiorespiratory function during submaximal exercise in young adult survivors of extreme prematurity, with or without BPD. Methods 40 preterm-born young adults, 20 with BPD (median gestational age 27 weeks, interquartile range (IQR) 26–28 weeks) and 20 without BPD (median gestational age 28 weeks, IQR 27–29 weeks) were prospectively compared to age-matched at term-born adults (median gestational age 39 weeks, IQR 38–40 weeks). Participants underwent exercise testing and cardiovascular magnetic resonance with submaximal exercise. Results Resting heart rate in BPD subjects was higher than in at term-born subjects (69±10 mL versus 61±7 mL, p=0.01). Peak oxygen uptake during maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing was decreased in BPD subjects (91±18% versus 106±17% of predicted, p=0.01). In BPD subjects, cardiac stroke volume change with exercise was impaired compared to at term-born subjects (11±13% versus 25±10%; p