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Introduction/Background The aim of this study is to present a case of an ovarian endometrioma with atypia. Methodology The present study is a case report and literature review. Results A 43-year-old patient underwent laparoscopy for the excision of a cystic mass of the left ovary. Intraoperatively the mass was recognized as an endometrioma and other findings included multiple adhesions and a rectovaginal septum nodule. The endometrioma was excised and adhesiolysis was performed. The histology report was diagnostic of atypical endometriosis of the ovary, due to the presence of epithelial micropapillary tufts and extensive nuclear atypia. Atypical endometriosis is characterized histologically as a lesion with features that fall between benign and malignant, such as nuclear enlargement and hyperchromatism, a high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, cellular crowding and stratification or tufting and the presence of atypical glands. It is observed in less than 1–3% of endometriomas and is considered to have a malignant potential to endometriosis - associated ovarian cancer, such as the endometrioid and clear cell subtypes. Literature is limited and inadequate in order to safely estimate the risk of malignant transition, the natural course or the best clinical management of atypical endometriosis. Conclusion Atypical endometriosis may be considered as a precancerous lesion and requires close follow - up or prophylactic treatment. Disclosure Nothing to disclose.

Introduction/Background It is well known that obesity is associated with an increased risk of cancer. Considering its high prevalence, obesity is an important risk factor for cancer. Obesity is not only associated with new cancer cases but also with more advanced cancer disease and increased cancer mortality. Hormone - related cancers, such as endometrial and breast cancers, have both been associated with obesity. Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for achieving weight loss and sustaining normal weight in patients with obesity. Methodology The present study is a review of literature. Results Bariatric surgery has been shown to reduce the overall cancer risk in patients with obesity. Regarding breast cancer, several large - scale studies and meta-analyses have shown significant reduction in the risk of breast cancer in women undergoing bariatric surgery, with an odds ratio of 0.25–0.5. Mechanisms that have been proposed as contributors to the increased risk between obesity and breast cancer include estrogen excess through increased aromatase activity in adipose tissue, insulin resistance and increased circulating glucose, that have both shown to be growth factors for cellular proliferation, and obesity-related pro-inflammatory state with higher levels of interleukins, TNF, and adipokines. Conclusion Bariatric surgery may protect obese patients from breast cancer. Weight loss and bariatric surgery may be suggested to obese women as an additional preventative modality. Disclosure Nothing to disclose.

Introduction/Background It is well known that obesity is associated with an increased risk of cancer. Considering its high prevalence, obesity is an important risk factor for cancer. Obesity is not only associated with new cancer cases but also with more advanced cancer disease and increased cancer mortality. Moreover, several cancer types, such as endometrial and pancreatic cancer, are associated with type 2 diabetes, a common co-morbidity related to obesity. Endometrial cancer has the strongest association with obesity compared to all other cancers in women, the risk proportionally increasing as body mass index increases. Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for achieving weight loss and sustaining normal weight in patients with obesity. Methodology The present study is a review of literature. Results Bariatric surgery has been shown to reduce the overall cancer risk in patients with obesity. Regarding endometrial cancer, several large - scale studies and meta-analyses have shown significant reduction in the risk of endometrial cancer in women undergoing bariatric surgery, with an odds ratio of 0.317. The estimated risk reduction has been shown to be as high as 50–70%. Several studies have also reported regression of endometrial hyperplasia after bariatric surgery. Conclusion Bariatric surgery may protect obese patients from endometrial cancer and may also benefit patients who are already suffering from its precursors. Weight loss and bariatric surgery may be suggested to patients as an adjunct to their treatment. Disclosure Nothing to disclose.