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Among the ways of energy transfer by conduction is that of molecular interaction, in which the greater motion of a molecule at a higher energy level (temperature) imparts energy to adjacent molecules at lower energy levels. This type of transfer is present, to some degree, in all systems in which a temperature gradient exists and in which molecules of a solid, liquid, or gas are present. So, in heat transfer, the thermal conductivity of a substance is an intensive property that indicates its ability to conduct heat In particular in the building sector. The thermal flux is often measured with a mathematical analysis but for the same material, on the other hand the estimate will be disruptive and sometimes very difficult when the material changes. In this paper, a single equation for predicting heat flux of different materials is given.

The most of operations of chemical, biochemical or petrochemical industries are carried out in tanks or in reactors which are mechanically-controlled. The optimum mode of operation of these devices requires a finalized knowledge of the thermo-hydrodynamic behavior induced by the agitator. In the present work, the characterization of the incompressible hydrodynamic and thermal fields of a non-Newtonian fluid (Bingham) in a flat, non-baffled cylindrical vessel fitted with anchor agitator was undertaken by numerical simulation, using the CFD code Fluent (6.3.26) based on the finite volume discretization method of the energy equation and the Navier-Stokes equations which are formulated in (U.V.P) variables. We have summarized this simulated system by comparing of the consumed power and the Nusselt number for this type of mobile (Anchor agitator).

Buildings are complex systems composed of several elements, which are assembled to respond to a number of needs functional and symbolic according to set of legal and environmental requirements and potentially accommodate users with different levels of demand. Predicting the conception of the external wall is beneficial in the design of house and building structures.in this study, an analogy was used for the functions which are discretized by the finite difference method and integrated in the CFD code which is based on the finite volume method. The CFD software is used as a technique to modelling the behaviour of fluid and the thermal convection in the external wall of the house with different Rayleigh numbers [103≤ Ra ≤105]. In the second phase, we change the thickness of the wall several times and calculate the Nusselt number and exchange coefficient of heat transfer aims to find a cloud point respectively for the thicknesses e = 0, L /40, L /20 and L /10. After, we developed a relationship that helps us to know the exchange ratio for each thickness ( e ) belongs to the interval [0, L /10] by the Lagrange polynomial interpolation method for Rayleigh number equal 104 , and then we developed a FORTRAN program to control the nonlinear equation of order three. This method for predicting exchange coefficient of convection for to optimize the design of walls in buildings.

The proposed work studies numerically the mixed convection heat transfer in a station electric transformer MV / LV for the public distribution of a neighborhood located in the town of Bechar (Sahara region) in the south-west Algeria. Taking into account the climatic conditions measured during the summer period [1], introduced as boundary conditions using the Fluent CFD based on the finite volume method. In order to get results presented in form the isothermal and the stream function and the profile of the evolution of the temperature and velocity components of the air inside the station.The objective of this study is to analyze the results of the distribution of temperature, aeration of the position and the flow of air to the interior of the station.The influence of the number and location of openings in the station is studied.

A large number of chemical operations, biochemical or petrochemical industry is very depending on the rheological fluids nature. In this work, we study the case of highly viscous of viscoplastic fluids in a classical system of agitation: a cylindrical tank with plate bottom without obstacles agitated by gate impeller agitator. We are interested to the laminar, incompressible and isothermal flows. We devote to a numerical approach carried out using an industrial code CFD Fluent 6.3.26 based on the method of finites volumes discretization of Navier - Stokes equations formulated in variables (U.V.P). The threshold of flow related to the viscoplastic behavior is modeled by a theoretical law of Bingham. The results obtained are used to compare between the five configurations suggested of power consumption. We study the influence of inertia by the variation of Reynolds number.

This study focuses on the numerical simulation of heat transfer by natural convection in a rectangular enclosure, filled with a liquid metal (low Prandtl number) partially heated from below with a sinusoidal temperature. The value of the study lies in its involvement in the crystal growth for the manufacture of semiconductors and electronics cooling. Indeed, the occurrence of convection during crystal growth can lead to in homogeneities that lead to striations and defects that affect the quality of the crystals obtained by the Bridgman techniques or Chochrawlski. Temperature of the oscillations, due to the instabilities of the convective flow in the liquid metal, also induces non-uniform cooling in the solidification front. Convection is then studied in order to reduce it. A modelling of the problem in two dimensions was conducted using Comsol computer code that is based on the finite element method, by varying the configuration of the control parameters, namely, the Rayleigh number, the nature of fluid (Prandtl number) and amplitude of temperature on heat transfer rate (Nusselt number) on convective structures that appear.

The thermal behavior of the buildings is a current problem which arouses the interest of many researchers. Indeed, the control of the loads of air conditioning or heating requires a thorough knowledge. Since the thermal quality of the buildings in the Maghreb is there generally very insufficient in particular in the Sahara of Algeria, the insulation proved that it is a very important parameter to minimize the thermal diffusion process inside on all when the insulator is a local material as the Mud which is in our region with a significant amount and almost free quantity. This work presents a study of numerical simulation aiming at the role and the influence of the insulation by the mud Reduced like a local material to the town of Bechar located at the south west of Algeria, or one is interested in a comparative study for pursued these goals. In this context, an analogy was used for the functions which are discretized by the finite difference method and integrated in the Fluent code which is based on the finite volume method. The validation of this procedure was confirmed while comparing some results. The results are presented in the form of distributions of the isotherms, the streamlines, local and average Nusselt of which the goal to study the influence on comfort.

While thermal structures such as greenhouses are complex to model under transient conditions because of coupled heat and mass (H2O and CO2) exchanges between their different parts, systems theory allows a simple analysis of the input/output behaviour of the model. In particular, parameters of the reduced dynamic models can be derived from in-situ measurements on these systems. This paper describes an application of the systems approach to a greenhouse climate model which incorporates CO2 balance, crop transpiration and photosynthesis and the effects of heating, CO2 enrichment, natural ventilation and evaporative cooling. In a first stage, system parameters such as the equivalent thermal mass, the wind dependent coefficient of natural ventilation and the various heat exchange coefficients were identified in situ from sequences of input-output data concerning the heat and water vapour balance, recorded over the crop production period from December to July. Good agreement between measured and computed values of air temperature, air humidity was observed. In a second stage, we have considered simultaneously the sensible heat, water vapour and CO2 exchanges and tested the model against experimental data measured using a commercial greenhouse climate control computer. The identified values of the physical and physiological parameters are close the theoretical values and the accuracy of temperature, humidity and CO2 content is rather good.