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Copyright of Epilepsi: Journal of the Turkish Epilepsi Society is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can be spread rapidly and can be seen in a wide section of society at any age, affecting the whole society, as well as patients with epilepsy. A virus may cause neurological involvement, as well as systemic involvement. There is no evidence that COVID-19 disease triggers or worsens existing epileptic seizures. Seizures can be triggered secondary to the disease. Likewise, it is understood that individuals with epilepsy are not more likely to contract COVID-19 disease, and have not had the disease more seriously. Unless there are additional problems that pose a risk for COVID-19, the antiepileptic drugs used by patients do not pose a risk for infection. When it is necessary to use hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin and similar drugs in the treatment of COVID-19, antiepileptic treatment is recommended to be reviewed and properly regulated. Conditions, such as the use of cold medicines can increase the risk of seizures due to the pseudoephedrine they contain, and the risk of infection with immunomodulating drugs should be specially addressed. The risk of contamination is highest in places like hospital units, especially emergency units. Therefore, measures should be taken to prevent situations that may lead to the unnecessary application of people to the hospitals and the emergency units. During the epidemic period, individuals will try to obtain information using media, social media and websites. That is why it is crucial for health institutions and authorities to provide accurate information and guide the people during the epidemic. Informing people will allow patients to see the risks of the COVID epidemic more accurately and help prevent unnecessary anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Epilepsi: Journal of the Turkish Epilepsi Society is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Epilepsi: Journal of the Turkish Epilepsi Society is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: Autism causes deviations in communication, social, cognitive, and behavioral development. Retrospective analysis of EEG findings in children with autism and attention deficit evaluated in a child psychiatric clinic between 2011 and 2012 was performed in the present study. Methods: Of the 20 subjects included, 14 were male (80%), and 4 were female (20%), all between the ages of 3 and 19 years. Results: No sign of epilepsy was present in patient histories. EEG findings were normal in 8 patients (40%), of whom all were male with a mean age of 6±3.7 years. Epileptiform activity or mild, diffuse slowing was present in the EEGs of 12 patients with a mean age of 12±3.3 years. Focal epileptiform activity was found in 7 cases (58.7%), and generalized epileptiform discharges were found in 1 (8.3%). Mild, diffuse slowing was found in 4 (33%) patients. Conclusion: It has been reported that autism and attention deficit patients have different rates of EEG abnormality and epilepsy. In the present study, epileptiform abnormality was present in 40% of patients. It is remarkable that repeated and sleep EEGs can improve the ability to determine this abnormality rate. It is important to highlight these differences in order to increase the prognostic value of the EEG and its contribution to physiopathology in child psychiatry patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epilepsy is a commonly encountered disorder among neurological disorders in our country and in the world. Almost 30% of seizures persist in spite of medical treatment. Resistance to medical treatment is important with regard to cognitive and psychosocial problems, and increased risk in mortality and morbidity. It may emerge due to the type of epilepsy, underlying epileptogenic process, and individual differences. Immunological, genetic and plasticity-related mechanisms are most relevant. The literature related to this subject is growing constantly, and increased understanding of the underlying mechanisms of drug resistance will play an important role in the development of more efficient treatment strategies. Contributing to this body of work, this article discusses drug resistance in epilepsy, its underlying mechanisms and accompanying clinical issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Epilepsi: Journal of the Turkish Epilepsi Society is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Reflex epilepsies (RE) objectively and consistently provoked by specific external or internal stimuli are important clues for investigating complex mechanisms of epileptogenesis. RE have many intriguing subtypes depending on the trigger. Visually-sensitive epilepsies or photosensitive epilepsies are genetically determined and constitute the major part of RE but their diversity is even huge both clinically and electrophysiologically. Reflex seizures can occur in both focal and generalized epilepsy syndromes and can also be associated with spontaneous seizures. Afferent external stimuli can be: elementary or elaborate, structured and complex. Moreover, triggering activity may also be elementary (motor movement) or elaborate (reading, chess playing), or both (reading aloud). Complex forms of RE pose many different questions and there are reported cases with various symptomatic etiologies indicating some acquired factors besides genetics. This review will focus on the current understanding of RE and its pathogenetic implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperintensity at diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) and hipointensity at 'apparent diffusion coefficient' (ADC) mapping are indicators of cytotoxic edema. These changes are typical for acute ischemic cerebrovascular accidents. During epileptic seizures, transient imaging findigs can be seen in the cranial computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. MRI studies during partial status epilepticus in animals show DWI and ADC anomalies which can be related to cytotoxic oedema. Same findings can also be seen in humans. Migraine and transient ischemic attacks can cause transient changes in the MRI which may also accompany epileptic seizures. We discuss here a 44 years old patient who had sensorial complaints and weakness after new onset migraine -like headache accompanied by transient MRI findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Epilepsi: Journal of the Turkish Epilepsi Society is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Epilepsi: Journal of the Turkish Epilepsi Society is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)