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Your search keyword '"Ramsay, M."' showing total 108 results
Start Over Author "Ramsay, M." Journal epidemiology and infection
108 results on '"Ramsay, M."'

7. The Contribution of Transfusion to HCV Infection in England

Author

Soldan, K., Ramsay, M., Robinson, A., Harris, H., Anderson, N., Caffrey, E., Chapman, C., Dike, A., Gabra, G., Gorman, A., Herborn, A., Hewitt, P., Hewson, N., Jones, D. A., Llewelyn, C., Love, E., Muddu, V., Martlew, V., and Townley, A.

Published
2002

33. Hepatitis B virus transmission in pre-adolescent schoolchildren in four multi-ethnic areas of England

Author

BALOGUN, M. A., primary, PARRY, J. V., additional, MUTTON, K., additional, OKOLO, C., additional, BENONS, L., additional, BAXENDALE, H., additional, HARDIMAN, T., additional, BOXALL, E. H., additional, SIRA, J., additional, BROWN, M., additional, BARNETT, S., additional, GUNGABISSOON, U., additional, WILLIAMS, A., additional, KELLY, D. A., additional, VIJERATNAM, S., additional, IJAZ, S., additional, TAYLOR, B., additional, TEO, C. G., additional, and RAMSAY, M. E., additional

Published
2012
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42. Sentinel laboratory surveillance of hepatitis C antibody testing in England: understanding the epidemiology of HCV infection

Author

BRANT, L. J., primary, HURRELLE, M., additional, BALOGUN, M. A., additional, KLAPPER, P., additional, AHMAD, F., additional, BOXALL, E., additional, HALE, A., additional, HOLLYOAK, V., additional, IBRAHIM, I. B., additional, IRVING, W., additional, MEIGH, R., additional, MUTTON, K. J., additional, PATEL, B. C., additional, PAVER, W. K., additional, PUGH, S., additional, TAYLOR, C., additional, TURNER, A. J., additional, and RAMSAY, M. E., additional

Published
2006
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46. <e1>Haemophilus influenzae</e1> type b and cross-reactive antigens in natural Hib infection dynamics; modelling in two populations

Author

LEINO, T., AURANEN, K., MÄKELÄ, P. H., KÄYHTY, H., RAMSAY, M., and SLACK, M.

Abstract

Natural immunity to Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) invasive disease is based on antibodies arising in response to encounters with Hib or cross-reactive (CR) bacteria. The relative importance of Hib and CR contacts is unknown. We applied a statistical model to estimate the total rate of immunizing infections of Hib and CR prior to wide-scale vaccinations in Finland and the UK. The average rates of these contacts were 0.7 and 1.2 per year per child in Finland and the UK, respectively. Using a rough estimate of 0.1 Hib acquisitions per year per child in the UK based on carriage rates, the proportion of Hib among all immunizing contacts was in the order of 10%, suggesting that CR bacteria have a major role. In general, varying frequency of CR contacts may explain some differences in the pre-vaccination incidence and age-distribution of invasive disease in different countries.

Published
2002
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47. The prevalence and genetic diversity of hepatitis C infection in antenatal clinic attenders in two regions of England

Author

*, M. A. BALOGUN, **, RAMSAY, M. E., PARRY, J. V., DONOVAN, L., ANDREWS, N. J., NEWHAM, J. A., CLIFFE, S., HARRIS, K. A., and TEO, C.-G.

Abstract

The prevalence and genetic diversity of hepatitis C infection in women attending antenatal clinics in two regions of England was investigated to inform future surveillance and control measures. Women booking into antenatal care are routinely offered a test for immunity to rubella. Serum residues from these tests were unlinked, anonymized and archived as part of the Unlinked Anonymous Prevalence Monitoring Programme (UAPMP). The serum specimens were tested for anti-HCV using a cost-effective pooling strategy. After taking into account differential sampling from the UAPMP serum archive, the adjusted overall prevalence of anti-HCV was 0·43% (95% CI: 0·32–0·53) in London and 0·21% (95% CI: 0·14–0·28) in the Northern and Yorkshire region. Restriction fragment length polymorphism of amplified HCV RNA identified type 3a as the most common HCV genotype in these antenatal women. The prevalence of anti-HCV in antenatal women in the UK is low and consistent with that expected from injecting drug use.

Published
2000

48. UK measles outbreak in non-immune anthroposophic communities: the implications for the elimination of measles from Europe

Author

*, B. HANRATTY, ‡‡, HOLT, T., DUFFELL, E., PATTERSON, W., RAMSAY, M., WHITE, J. M., JIN, L., and LITTON, P.

Abstract

We describe the epidemiology of the first nationwide outbreak of measles infection in the UK since the implementation of a mass vaccination campaign. Notifications of infectious diseases, interview and postal questionnaire identified 293 clinical cases, 138 of which were confirmed by salivary IgM, measles virus isolation and PCR. Twelve were epidemiologically linked to confirmed cases. The outbreak began in London, after contact with measles infection probably imported from Italy. Measles genotyping determined by sequence analysis confirmed spread to other unimmunized anthroposophic communities in the north, south west and south coast of England. Only two cases had been vaccinated against measles infection, and 90% of cases were aged under 15 years. Measles virus can selectively target non-immune groups in countries with high vaccine uptake and broader herd immunity. Without harmonization of vaccination policies and uniform high coverage across Europe, the importation and spread of measles virus amongst non-immune groups may prevent the elimination of measles.

Published
2000

49. Modelling the impact of COVID-19 and routine MenACWY vaccination on meningococcal carriage and disease in the UK - ERRATUM.

Author

Hadley L, Karachaliou Prasinou A, Christensen H, Ramsay M, and Trotter C

Subjects
Humans, Neisseria meningitidis, United Kingdom epidemiology, Vaccination, Vaccines, Conjugate, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 prevention & control, Meningococcal Infections epidemiology, Meningococcal Infections prevention & control, Meningococcal Vaccines therapeutic use, Carrier State epidemiology
Published
2023
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50. Changes in ascertainment of Hib and its influence on the estimation of disease incidence in the United Kingdom.

Author

Ladhani S, Slack MP, Heath PT, and Ramsay ME

Subjects
Bacterial Capsules, Haemophilus Vaccines immunology, Humans, Incidence, Polysaccharides, Bacterial immunology, Serotyping, Time Factors, United Kingdom epidemiology, Vaccination, Haemophilus Infections epidemiology, Haemophilus influenzae type b classification
Abstract

Enhanced surveillance for Hib infection, initially covering Wales and five English regions, began in 1990 and in 1995 was extended to the whole of England and Wales. To determine whether changes in the ascertainment of Haemophilus influenzae may have affected estimates of Hib disease incidence, data from January 1990 to December 2003 were analysed. A total of 8887 and 4020 (45%) cases of H. influenzae and Hib respectively were reported. The proportion of isolates that were serotyped increased over time, and therefore reported incidence may have underestimated the true incidence in the early years of the study. Adjusting for this under-ascertainment, the incidence in children aged <5 years declined from a peak of 28.3/100,000 in 1991 to 0.97/100,000 in 1998 and increased to 3.8/100,000 in 2003. Following the implementation of universal vaccination a dramatic decline in the true incidence of invasive Hib disease occurred. The observation of the subsequent resurgence was real but the highest incidence reached was 85% below the corrected incidence in the pre-vaccine era. Continued high-quality surveillance is needed in order to accurately monitor and detect changes in disease incidence.

Published
2007
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