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Start Over Author "Lem, M." Journal epidemiology and infection
5 results on '"Lem, M."'

4. An outbreak due to peanuts in their shell caused by <e1>Salmonella enterica</e1> serotypes Stanley and Newport – sharing molecular information to solve international outbreaks

Author

KIRK, M. D., LITTLE, C. L., LEM, M., FYFE, M., GENOBILE, D., TAN, A., THRELFALL, J., PACCAGNELLA, A., LIGHTFOOT, D., LYI, H., McINTYRE, L., WARD, L., BROWN, D. J., SURNAM, S., and FISHER, I. S. T.

Abstract

Salmonellosis is a global problem caused by the international movement of foods and high incidence in exporting countries. In September 2001, in an outbreak investigation Australia isolated Salmonella Stanley from imported peanuts, which resulted in a wider investigation in Canada, England & Wales and Scotland. Patients infected with Salmonella serotypes known to be isolated from peanuts and reported to surveillance systems were interviewed to determine exposure histories. Tagged image file format (TIFF) images of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns of Salmonella isolates were shared electronically amongst laboratories. Laboratories tested packets of ‘Brand X’ peanuts from various lots and product lines. In total, 97 cases of S. Stanley and 12 cases of S. Newport infection were found. Seventy-three per cent (71/97) of S. Stanley cases were in persons of Asian ethnicity. Twenty-eight per cent of cases recalled eating Brand X peanuts and a further 13% had peanuts in their house in the previous month or had eaten Asian-style peanuts. Laboratories isolated S. Stanley, S. Newport, S. Kottbus, S. Lexington and S. Unnamed from Brand X peanuts. Isolates of S. Stanley from peanuts and human patients were indistinguishable by PFGE. This international outbreak resulted from a product originating from one country affecting several others. Rapid sharing of electronic DNA images was a crucial factor in delineating the outbreak; multinational investigations would benefit from a harmonized approach.

Published
2004

5. A review of invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease in the Indigenous populations of North America.

Author

Tsang RS, Bruce MG, Lem M, Barreto L, and Ulanova M

Subjects
Haemophilus Infections prevention & control, Haemophilus Vaccines administration & dosage, Haemophilus influenzae isolation & purification, Humans, Incidence, Haemophilus Infections epidemiology, Haemophilus Infections ethnology, Indians, North American statistics & numerical data
Abstract

Historically, the highest incidence rates of invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease in the world were found in North American and Australian Indigenous children. Although immunization against H. influenzae type b (Hib) led to a marked decrease in invasive Hib disease in countries where it was implemented, this disease has not been eliminated and its rates in Indigenous communities remain higher than in the general North American population. In this literature review, we examined the epidemiology of invasive H. influenzae disease in the pre-Hib vaccine era, effect of carriage on disease epidemiology, immune response to H. influenzae infection and Hib vaccination in Indigenous and Caucasian children, and the changing epidemiology after Hib conjugate vaccine has been in use for more than two decades in North America. We also explored reasons behind the continued high rates of invasive H. influenzae disease in Indigenous populations in North America. H. influenzae type a (Hia) has emerged as a significant cause of severe disease in North American Indigenous communities. More research is needed to define the genotypic diversity of Hia and the disease burden that it causes in order to determine if a Hia vaccine is required to protect the vulnerable populations.

Published
2014
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