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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) a stable environmental con-taminant mixtures consisting of up to 209 congeners differing from each other by the number and position of chlorine atoms on the two basic benzene rings. Four marker congeners (IUPAC no 118, 138, 153, 180) are typically measured to quantify PCB-levels in biological and environmental material. PCBs are lipophilic, resistant to biodegradation, and cross the placenta thus exposing the foetus prenatally and, through nursing, postnatally the suckling baby, as well. PCBs are neurotoxic, particularly in a developmental context, but there is still controversy as to whether there is risk for adverse neurodevelopmental outcome at current environmental PCB-levels. In order to clarify this issue and in order to increase the statistical power for the detection of subtle effects an European coordinated cohort study was initiated covering rural, marine and urban environments in Denmark (Faroe Islands), the Netherlands (Groningen, Rotterdam) and Germany (Düsseldorf). Individual study reports have been pub-lished (Patandin et al., 1999; Steuerwald et al., 2000; Walkowiak et al., 2001), but results from the combined data set at 42 months of age have not yet been presented.