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Background. According to the recent guidelines, effective anticoagulation is recommended for a minimum of 3 weeks before the cardioversion of Atrial Fibrillation/Atrial Flutter. Transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) could be considered, but is not mandatory to exclude/confirm the cardiac thrombus before the cardioversion in adequately anticoagulated patients. Aim of the study was to reveal the incidence of thrombus or spontaneous echo contrasting (SEC) by TOE before cardioversion, despite effective anticoagulation. Material and methods. Patients, where TOE was performed to evaluate the evidence of thrombus/SEC before the cardioversion of AF/Atrial flutter at our clinic in period of 2016-2018, were studied. Incidence of intracardiac thrombus and its relation to patients’ gender, age, hypertension, diabetes, atrial diameter, LVEF, duration of Atrial Fibrillation/Atrial flutter, as well as to anticoagulation regimen were evaluated. Results. All patients received recommended anticoagulation therapy, DOACs or VKAs, for a minimum of 3 weeks before the TOE. Finally 180 patients were divided in two groups: group 1 (121 patients) without evidence of thrombus and group 2 (59 patients) where TOE revealed the thrombus. Thrombus was found in 37 (20.5%) patients, and SEC was found in 22 (12.2%) patients. There were no difference between the two groups with respect to: gender (85 male (70%) in group 1 vs. 38 male (64%) in group 2, p = NS), age (62.8 ± 8.73 vs. 63.0 ± 9.04, p = NS), hypertension (78 (64.4%) vs. 44 (74.6%), p = NS), diabetes (17 (14%) vs. 7 (12%), p = NS), CHAD2DS2-VASc score (2.2 ± 1.8 vs. 2.4 ± 4.0, p = NS), LVEF (48.1 ± 7.1% vs. 46.4 ± 7.3%, p = NS), duration of arrhythmia (7.7 ± 11.6 months vs. 9.7 ± 14.0 months, p = NS), type on anticoagulation (DOACs 59 (48.3%) vs. 30 (50.8%), p = NS, VKA (Warfarin) 54 (44.6%) vs. 29 (49.1%), p = NS)) respectively. Only difference in atrial diameter was found statistically significant between the two groups: left atrial diameter (42.6 ± 3.3mm vs. 45.3 ± 3.6mm, p