1. One for Two: Conversion of Waste Chicken Feathers to Carbon Microspheres and (NH4)HCO3
- Author
-
Xuelin Sui, Lei Gao, Changle Chen, Qianwang Chen, and Haibo Hu
- Subjects
Materials science ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Contact angle ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,symbols.namesake ,Adsorption ,Desorption ,Animals ,Environmental Chemistry ,Organic chemistry ,Waste Products ,Supercritical carbon dioxide ,General Chemistry ,Feathers ,Carbon ,Microspheres ,Refuse Disposal ,Bicarbonates ,Ammonium bicarbonate ,chemistry ,symbols ,Raman spectroscopy ,Chickens ,Pyrolysis ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
Pyrolysis of 1 g of waste chicken feathers (quills and barbs) in supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) system at 600 °C for 3 h leads to the formation of 0.25 g well-shaped carbon microspheres with diameters of 1-5 μm and 0.26 g ammonium bicarbonate ((NH4)HCO3). The products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Raman spectroscopic, FT-IR spectrum, X-ray electron spectroscopy (XPS), and N2 adsorption/desorption measurements. The obtained carbon microspheres displayed great superhydrophobicity as fabric coatings materials, with the water contact angle of up to 165.2±2.5°. The strategy is simple, efficient, does not require any toxic chemicals or catalysts, and generates two valuable materials at the same time. Moreover, other nitrogen-containing materials (such as nylon and amino acids) can also be converted to carbon microspheres and (NH4)HCO3 in the sc-CO2 system. This provides a simple strategy to extract the nitrogen content from natural and man-made waste materials and generate (NH4)HCO3 as fertilizer.
- Published
- 2014