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This study uses novel evolutionary algorithms and computational techniques to analyze wind potential on flat, complex coastal, and offshore sites utilizing mast as well as remote sensing data. The wind data were recorded using remote sensing technique and conventional technique. The optimum Weibull parameters are estimated using nine methods. The genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization, and TLBO algorithms are compared and evaluated. The goodness of fit test, such as root mean square error test (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), coefficient of determination (R2), and chi-square test (X2), is used to evaluate the accuracy of the selected methods. Parameter estimates are used to compute wind densities. The TLBO and PSO algorithms outperformed genetic algorithms in terms of efficiency. This research compares remote sensing measurements to cup anemometer measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to drive the discourse towards the increasing shift to renewables, especially offshore wind energy generation, in the emerging international energy order. The Indian Ocean Region (IOR), despite its increasing contribution to onshore wind energy generation and impending policies on offshore wind energy, is reluctant to invest in the latter. Hence, this paper highlights four important aspects that challenge IOR's offshore wind energy development: Indian Ocean's strategic location, environment impacts, blue economy and maritime terrorism. In the background of the geopolitical rivalry existing in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR), with the increasing presence of China and the USA in the Indian Ocean, this paper aims to study if these geopolitical challenges are hindering offshore wind energy generation in IOR. The key findings of the paper include the necessity of addressing the geopolitical rivalry in IOR as an important hindrance in huge investments needed in OWE farms, so that a regional cooperative mechanism is arrived at especially from the point of view of policies towards OWE generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]