64 results
Search Results
2. A review of large-scale renewable energy partnerships with Indigenous communities and organizations in Canada.
- Author
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Yalamala, Reddi Sekhara, Zurba, Melanie, Bullock, Ryan, and Diduck, Alan P.
- Subjects
RENEWABLE energy sources ,CLEAN energy ,INDIGENOUS children ,ECONOMIC development projects ,BUSINESS skills ,ENVIRONMENTAL protection - Abstract
In this paper, a review of Indigenous engagement in renewable energy projects is conducted and the main elements of energy partnerships between stakeholders and Indigenous partners are discussed. In recent years, Canada has witnessed more significant Indigenous involvement in economic and energy development projects than ever before. For large-scale energy partnerships, the focus is on engagement, financial capital, community buy-in (readiness, and entrepreneurial and business skills), and benefits-sharing with community partners. Equity-ownership, reconciliation, and self-determination intersect with and impact the benefits and sustainability of energy projects, as they are interrelated in the framework of most energy partnerships. This paper illustrates policy disconnects in connection with partnership-making, social outcomes, and decision-making among Indigenous communities. Furthermore, findings from relevant literature explore the nuanced discourse on social implications and capacity challenges that interlink with climate adaptation and reconciliation when promoting large-scale renewable energy partnerships with Indigenous communities. Through a systematic review and a meta-analysis of the literature, we found 80 relevant studies during the screening process, of which 33 were selected for the synthesis. Findings demonstrate that the Crown, energy companies, and community partners need to coordinate and collaborate closely to achieve energy security and sustainable renewable energy. The review suggests that Indigenous engagement in energy partnerships supports positive outcomes for social development and environmental protection among Indigenous communities. The literature suggests that when government and industry mentor in the project implementation process, important positive impacts on energy transitions, and self-sufficiency can be realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. A science and management partnership to restore coregonine diversity to the Laurentian Great Lakes.
- Author
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Bunnell, David B., Ackiss, Amanda S., Alofs, Karen M., Brant, Cory O., Bronte, Charles R., Claramunt, Randall M., Dettmers, John M., Honsey, Andrew E., Mandrak, Nicholas E., Muir, Andrew M., Santucci Jr, Victor J., Smith, David R., Strach, Russell M., Sweka, John A., Weidel, Brian C., Mattes, William P., and Newman, Kurt R.
- Subjects
MANAGEMENT science ,ADAPTIVE natural resource management ,FISHERY management ,BIOLOGICAL extinction ,LAKES ,INDIGENOUS fishes ,FRESHWATER biodiversity ,FRESHWATER habitats - Abstract
Similar to many freshwater ecosystems, the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America have undergone numerous anthropogenic stressors resulting in considerable loss of biodiversity and habitat. Among Great Lakes fishes, the coregonine sub-family has endured the most extensive declines, including extinction of several species (Coregonus johannae, C. alpenae, and C. kiyi orientalis) and at least 10 instances of local extirpations of other species (C. nigripinnis, C. reighardi, C. zenithicus, C. hoyi, and C. artedi) across all 5 lakes, much of which occurred prior to the 1960s owing to overfishing, interactions with non-indigenous species, and habitat loss. Despite these declines, no federal-, provincial-, or state-mandated actions were ever implemented to conserve coregonine diversity, potentially because so much of the coregonine declines occurred prior to the enactment of federal conservation legislation. Possible explanations for inaction since enactment of that legislation include insufficient data on biological vulnerability or threats, unresolved taxonomy, and limited support from the fishery management agencies and their stakeholders prior to the 2000s. In recent decades, however, several fishery management agencies have undertaken efforts to re-introduce coregonine diversity. These efforts helped lead to development of a science-based framework to restore coregonines that was universally endorsed by fishery managers representing eight U.S. states, four U.S. tribal organizations, and the province of ON, Canada, in May 2018. The basin-wide framework is based on principles of conservation biology and adaptive management. We describe details of its key steps, including planning, restoring, and evaluating, while also describing recent implementation efforts to develop methods, improve available resources, and enhance coordination across the basin. Although our paper describes a regional effort to restore native coregonines, our adaptive-management approach could be used by other multi-agency stakeholders seeking to conserve or restore native fishes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Seasonal reproductive patterns and recommended sampling times for sentinel fish species used in environmental effects monitoring programs in Canada.
- Author
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Barrett, Timothy J. and Munkittrick, Kelly R.
- Subjects
ENVIRONMENTAL engineering ,ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis ,FISHES ,SPAWNING - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental Reviews is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Scientific considerations and challenges for addressing cumulative effects in forest landscapes in Canada.
- Author
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Venier, L.A., Walton, R., and Brandt, J.P.
- Subjects
ECOLOGICAL disturbances ,NATURAL resources ,DATA integration ,LANDSCAPES ,ACQUISITION of data ,FORESTS & forestry ,FOREST management - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental Reviews is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. An introduction to Canada's boreal zone: ecosystem processes, health, sustainability, and environmental issues1.
- Author
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Brandt, J.P., Flannigan, M.D., Maynard, D.G., Thompson, I.D., and Volney, W.J.A.
- Subjects
SUSTAINABLE forestry ,FORESTS & forestry ,TAIGAS ,ECOSYSTEMS ,ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis ,WATER power ,GLACIATION - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental Reviews is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Scientific dimensions of cumulative effects assessment: toward improvements in guidance for practice.
- Author
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Duinker, Peter N., Burbidge, Erin L., Boardley, Samantha R., and Greig, Lorne A.
- Subjects
ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis ,CUMULATIVE effects assessment (Environmental assessment) ,ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring ,ENVIRONMENTAL protection - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental Reviews is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Impacts and prognosis of natural resource development on water and wetlands in Canada's boreal zone1.
- Author
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Webster, Kara L., Beall, Frederick D., Creed, Irena F., and Kreutzweiser, David P.
- Subjects
WETLANDS ,BIOMES ,NATURAL resources ,WATER - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental Reviews is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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9. Impacts and prognosis of natural resource development on aquatic biodiversity in Canada's boreal zone1.
- Author
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Kreutzweiser, David, Beall, Frederick, Webster, Kara, Thompson, Dean, and Creed, Irena
- Subjects
CONSERVATION of natural resources ,AQUATIC biodiversity ,TAIGAS ,FORESTS & forestry ,WATERSHEDS ,FOREST management - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental Reviews is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Climate change and Canada's north coast: research trends, progress, and future directions.
- Author
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Ford, James D., Couture, Nicole, Bell, Trevor, and Clark, Dylan G.
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,COASTS ,SEA ice ,STORMS ,METEOROLOGICAL precipitation - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental Reviews is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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11. Agricultural support policy in Canada: What are the environmental consequences?
- Author
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Eagle, Alison J., Rude, James, and Boxall, Peter C.
- Subjects
AGRICULTURAL policy ,AGRICULTURE ,ENVIRONMENTAL chemistry ,AGRICULTURAL productivity - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental Reviews is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Comparative study of cold-climate constructed wetland technology in Canada and northern China for water resource protection.
- Author
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Chouinard, A., Anderson, B.C., Wootton, B.C., and Huang, J.J.
- Subjects
CONSTRUCTED wetlands & the environment ,WETLAND ecology ,WATER conservation ,WATER pollution ,ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental Reviews is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Effects of natural resource development on the terrestrial biodiversity of Canadian boreal forests1.
- Author
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Venier, L.A., Thompson, I.D., Fleming, R., Malcolm, J., Aubin, I., Trofymow, J.A., Langor, D., Sturrock, R., Patry, C., Outerbridge, R.O., Holmes, S.B., Haeussler, S., De Grandpré, L., Chen, H.Y.H., Bayne, E., Arsenault, A., and Brandt, J.P.
- Subjects
FOREST management ,TAIGAS ,PLANT growth ,HABITATS ,NATURAL resources - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental Reviews is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. How do natural disturbances and human activities affect soils and tree nutrition and growth in the Canadian boreal forest?1.
- Author
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Maynard, D.G., Paré, D., Thiffault, E., Lafleur, B., Hogg, K.E., and Kishchuk, B.
- Subjects
PLANT nutrition ,PLANT growth ,META-analysis ,NITROGEN in soils ,PHOSPHORUS in soils ,ECOLOGICAL disturbances - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental Reviews is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Impacts and prognosis of natural resource development on water and wetlands in Canada's boreal zone1.
- Author
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Webster, Kara L., Beall, Frederick D., Creed, Irena F., and Kreutzweiser, David P.
- Subjects
- *
WETLANDS , *BIOMES , *NATURAL resources , *WATER - Abstract
Industrial development within Canada's boreal zone has increased in recent decades. Forest management activities, pulp and paper operations, electric power generation, mining, conventional oil and gas extraction, nonconventional oil sand development, and peat mining occur throughout the boreal zone with varying impacts on water resources. We review impacts of these industries on surface water, groundwater, and wetlands recognizing that heterogeneity in the dominance of different hydrologic processes (i.e., precipitation, evapotranspiration, groundwater recharge, and runoff generation) across the boreal zone influences the degree of impacts on water resources. Through the application of best management practices, forest certification programs, and science-based guidelines, timber, pulp and paper, and peat industries have reduced their impacts on water resources, although uncertainties remain about long-term recovery following disturbance. Hydroelectric power developments have moved toward reducing reservoir size and creating more natural flow regimes, although impacts of aging infrastructure and dam decommissioning is largely unknown. Mineral and metal mining industries have improved regulation and practices, but the legacy of abandoned mines across the boreal zone still presents an ongoing risk to water resources. Oil and gas industries, including non-conventional resources such as oil sands, is one of the largest industrial users of water and, while significant progress has been made in reducing water use, more work is needed to ensure the protection of water resources. All industries contribute to atmospheric deposition of pollutants that may eventually be released to downstream waters. Although most industrial sectors strive to improve their environmental performance with regards to water resources, disruptions to natural flow regimes and risks of degraded water quality exist at local to regional scales in the boreal zone. Addressing the emerging challenge of managing the expanding, intensifying, and cumulative effects of industries in conjunction with other stressors, such as climate change and atmospheric pollution, across the landscape will aid in preserving Canada's rich endowment of water resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. An introduction to Canada's boreal zone: ecosystem processes, health, sustainability, and environmental issues1.
- Author
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Brandt, J.P., Flannigan, M.D., Maynard, D.G., Thompson, I.D., and Volney, W.J.A.
- Subjects
- *
SUSTAINABLE forestry , *FORESTS & forestry , *TAIGAS , *ECOSYSTEMS , *ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis , *WATER power , *GLACIATION - Abstract
The boreal zone and its ecosystems provide numerous provisioning, regulating, cultural, and supporting services. Because of its resources and its hydroelectric potential, Canada's boreal zone is important to the country's resource-based economy. The region presently occupied by Canada's boreal zone has experienced dramatic changes during the past 3 million years as the climate cooled and repeated glaciations affected both the biota and the landscape. For about the past 7000 years, climate, fire, insects, diseases, and their interactions have been the most important natural drivers of boreal ecosystem dynamics, including rejuvenation, biogeochemical cycling, maintenance of productivity, and landscape variability. Layered upon natural drivers are changes increasingly caused by people and development and those related to human-caused climate change. Effects of these agents vary spatially and temporally, and, as global population increases, the demands and impacts on ecosystems will likely increase. Understanding how humans directly affect terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in Canada's boreal zone and how these effects and actions interact with natural disturbance agents is a prerequisite for informed and adaptive decisions about management of natural resources, while maintaining the economy and environment upon which humans depend. This paper reports on the genesis and present condition of the boreal zone and its ecosystems and sets the context for a detailed scientific investigation in subsequent papers published in this journal on several key aspects: carbon in boreal forests; climate change consequences, adaptation, and mitigation; nutrient and elemental cycling; protected areas; status, impacts, and risks of non-native species; factors affecting sustainable timber harvest levels; terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity; and water and wetland resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Effects of climate change on the distribution of invasive alien species in Canada: a knowledge synthesis of range change projections in a warming world.
- Author
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Smith, Andrea L., Hewitt, Nina, Klenk, Nicole, Bazely, Dawn R., Yan, Norman, Wood, Stepan, Henriques, Irene, MacLellan, James I., and Lipsig-Mummé, Carla
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,BIODIVERSITY ,ECOSYSTEM management ,INTRODUCED species - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental Reviews is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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18. Reviewing source water protection strategies: A conceptual model for water quality assessment.
- Author
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Islam, Nilufar, Sadiq, Rehan, Rodriguez, Manuel J., and Francisque, Alex
- Subjects
WELLHEAD protection ,WATER quality ,WATER quality management ,DRINKING water ,WATER pollution - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental Reviews is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. An argument for science-policy integration in Canada's boreal zone1.
- Author
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Brandt, J.P.
- Subjects
ARGUMENT - Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Wood ash amendments as a potential solution to widespread calcium decline in eastern Canadian forests.
- Author
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Kim, Natalie, Watmough, Shaun A., and Yan, Norman D.
- Subjects
WOOD ash ,ACID deposition ,SOIL amendments ,FOREST soils ,LOGGING ,SOIL leaching - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental Reviews is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Effects of natural resource development on the terrestrial biodiversity of Canadian boreal forests1.
- Author
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Venier, L.A., Thompson, I.D., Fleming, R., Malcolm, J., Aubin, I., Trofymow, J.A., Langor, D., Sturrock, R., Patry, C., Outerbridge, R.O., Holmes, S.B., Haeussler, S., De Grandpré, L., Chen, H.Y.H., Bayne, E., Arsenault, A., and Brandt, J.P.
- Subjects
- *
FOREST management , *TAIGAS , *PLANT growth , *HABITATS , *NATURAL resources - Abstract
Much of Canada's terrestrial biodiversity is supported by boreal forests. Natural resource development in boreal forests poses risks to this biodiversity. This paper reviews the scientific literature to assess the effects of natural resource development on terrestrial biodiversity in Canadian boreal forests. We address four questions: (1) To what extent have Canadian boreal forests changed due to natural resource development? (2) How has biodiversity responded to these changes? (3) Will the biodiversity of second-growth forests converge with that of primary boreal forests? (4) Are we losing species from boreal forests? We focus on trees, understory plants, insects, fungi, selected mammals, and songbirds because these groups have been most studied. We review more than 600 studies and found that changes in community composition are prevalent in response to large-scale conversion of forest types, changes in stand structures and age distributions, and altered landscape structure resulting from forest management and habitat loss associated with other developments such as oil and gas, hydroelectric, and mining. The southern boreal forest has been more highly impacted than the north due to more extensive forest management and the cumulative effects of multiple forms of development. There is abundant evidence that most species are not in danger of being extirpated from the boreal forest due to these anthropogenic changes. A few species, including woodland caribou ( Rangifer tarandus) and grizzly bear ( Ursus arctos), have, however, undergone long-term range contractions. Significant gaps in our ability to assess the effects of natural resource development on biodiversity in the boreal zone are the lack of long-term spatial and population data to monitor the impact of forest changes on ecosystems and species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. How do natural disturbances and human activities affect soils and tree nutrition and growth in the Canadian boreal forest?1.
- Author
-
Maynard, D.G., Paré, D., Thiffault, E., Lafleur, B., Hogg, K.E., and Kishchuk, B.
- Subjects
- *
PLANT nutrition , *PLANT growth , *META-analysis , *NITROGEN in soils , *PHOSPHORUS in soils , *ECOLOGICAL disturbances - Abstract
There are concerns about the effect of increasing resource extraction and other human activities on the soils and vegetation of the boreal zone. The review covers published papers between 1974 and 2012 to assess the effects of natural disturbances and human activities on soils and tree nutrition and growth of the Canadian boreal zone. Changes in soil and foliar nutrients following disturbance were also analyzed by meta-analysis. When sufficient replicated studies were not available for a given disturbance or nutrient, response assessments or narrative summaries are presented. The majority of fertilization studies in the boreal zone showed a positive tree growth response to nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization either individually or in combination. Large amounts of N may be lost through volatilization following fire depending on the severity and frequency of the fire. This may contribute to N limitation in the boreal zone. Available soil P and extractable calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) increased in the surface horizons following fire. In contrast, extractable P decreased following harvest. Harvesting had no effect on total or inorganic N except in mixedwoods where total N decreased in the surface organic horizon following harvest. These are potential areas of concern given tree growth responses to N and P fertilization. Potassium (K) in the forest floor did not change following fire or harvesting; thus, K availability for tree nutrition should not be at risk, since its cycle is rapidly restored. Mercury (Hg) cycling may be altered in the boreal zone as a result of flooding and if fire return intervals and intensities increase. Interactions of multiple disturbances may increase the risk of nutrient depletions, but there is currently little information on these interactions in the boreal zone. Evidence to date suggests the soils of the Canadian boreal zone have not been adversely affected except in localized areas. However, there is the risk of nutrient loss if soils are not considered in our forest management strategies, particularly where multiple disturbances may interact. The potential for off-site movement of nutrients and contaminants into the atmospheric and aquatic ecosystems, in addition to on-site environmental issues, is also a concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. A review of exotic earthworm observations in the Canadian boreal forest and taiga zones.
- Author
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Moore, Jean-David, Ouimet, Rock, and Reynolds, John W.
- Subjects
TAIGAS ,FOREST fire ecology ,EARTHWORMS ,NUTRIENT cycles ,FOREST dynamics ,CARBON cycle ,ACID soils - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental Reviews is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Impacts and prognosis of natural resource development on aquatic biodiversity in Canada's boreal zone1.
- Author
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Kreutzweiser, David, Beall, Frederick, Webster, Kara, Thompson, Dean, and Creed, Irena
- Subjects
- *
CONSERVATION of natural resources , *AQUATIC biodiversity , *TAIGAS , *FORESTS & forestry , *WATERSHEDS , *FOREST management - Abstract
Conservation efforts to sustain water resources and aquatic biodiversity in boreal watersheds will require reliable information on the recent status of various indicator species and an improved understanding of the risks to aquatic biodiversity posed by resource development activities. We reviewed the recent state of knowledge on the responses of aquatic biodiversity to forest management, pulp and paper mill effluents, hydroelectric impoundments, mining of minerals and metals, oil sands extractions, and peat mining and offer a prognosis for aquatic biodiversity under each of these environmental stressors. Despite the prevalence of natural resource development in Canada's largest forest ecosystem, there was a limited amount of published literature on the effects of many of the disturbance types on various indicators of aquatic biodiversity, making it difficult to produce a current and reliable status assessment. Across most of the boreal zone, there is a lack of coordinated, consistent data collection for many of the bioindicators and disturbance types discussed in this review. Forecasting the future state of aquatic biodiversity across the boreal zone is challenged by increasing natural resource development and its interactions with other stressors, especially climate change. The cumulative effects of multiple stressors coupled with resource development activities in boreal watersheds remain largely unknown. More importantly, the ecological thresholds for these cumulative effects (that is, the point at which aquatic ecosystems and their biodiversity cannot recover to a desired state within a reasonable time frame) are also unknown and remain gaps in our knowledge. The recent literature identifies a number of risks to aquatic biodiversity at local (tens of square kilometres) to regional (hundreds of square kilometres) scales associated with natural resource development. There are indications that many of these risks can be minimized by 'greener' technologies for resource development and reclamation, practical conservation planning and regulation, and increased stewardship in watershed management, although the effectiveness of many of these measures cannot yet be assessed from the published literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Strategies for the municipal solid waste sector to assist Canada in meeting its Kyoto Protocol commitments.
- Author
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Mohareb, Adrian K., Warith, Mostafa, and Narbaitz, Roberto M.
- Subjects
INDUSTRIAL wastes ,CLIMATE change ,WASTE recycling ,ANAEROBIC digestion - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental Reviews is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Guidance for analytical methods to cumulative effects assessment for terrestrial species.
- Author
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Mahon, C. Lisa and Pelech, Shawna
- Subjects
INDUCTIVE effect ,SPECIES ,LAND resource ,LAND management ,LAND use - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental Reviews is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. A review of the non-indigenous Chinese mystery snail, Cipangopaludina chinensis (Viviparidae), in North America, with emphasis on occurrence in Canada and the potential impact on indigenous aquatic species.
- Author
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Kingsbury, S.E., McAlpine, Donald F., Cheng, Y., Parker, E., and Campbell, L.M.
- Subjects
SNAILS ,SPECIES ,ADULTS ,CHINESE literature ,SPECIES distribution ,GASTROPODA ,MOLLUSKS - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental Reviews is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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28. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products and their sublethal and lethal effects in aquatic organisms.
- Author
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Srain, Harveer S., Beazley, Karen F., and Walker, Tony R.
- Subjects
ALKYLBENZENE sulfonates ,TRICLOSAN ,HYGIENE products ,AQUATIC organisms ,VETERINARY drugs ,CHRONIC toxicity testing ,NONPRESCRIPTION drugs - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental Reviews is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Moving beyond colonial conservation models: Indigenous Protected and Conserved Areas offer hope for biodiversity and advancing reconciliation in the Canadian boreal forest1.
- Author
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Moola, Faisal and Roth, Robin
- Subjects
TAIGA ecology ,BIODIVERSITY conservation ,EFFECT of climate on biodiversity ,RECONCILIATION ,ANTHROPOGENIC effects on nature - Abstract
The article offers information on the advancing reconciliation in the Canadian boreal forest. Topics discussed include information on the protection and conservation of the boreal forest ecology; discussions on the impacts of the human residence and land use on the biodiversity of the forest; and the information on the vulnerability to climate change and expanding industrial activity.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Canada's boreal zone: our legacy, our obligation to protect1.
- Author
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Barlow, Maude
- Subjects
DUTY ,ZONING - Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Wildland fire risk research in Canada.
- Author
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Johnston, Lynn M., Wang, Xianli, Erni, Sandy, Taylor, Stephen W., McFayden, Colin B., Oliver, Jacqueline A., Stockdale, Chris, Christianson, Amy, Boulanger, Yan, Gauthier, Sylvie, Arseneault, Dominique, Wotton, B. Mike, Parisien, Marc-André, and Flannigan, Mike D.
- Subjects
WILDFIRES ,SCIENTIFIC literature ,CANADIAN literature ,FIRE ,KNOWLEDGE gap theory ,WILDFIRE prevention ,RISK - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental Reviews is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Reintroduction of fishes in Canada: a review of research progress for SARA-listed species.
- Author
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Lamothe, Karl A., Drake, D. Andrew R., Pitcher, Trevor E., Broome, Jeremy E., Dextrase, Alan J., Gillespie, Ashley, Mandrak, Nicholas E., Poesch, Mark S., Reid, Scott M., and Vachon, Nathalie
- Subjects
WILDLIFE reintroduction ,LITERATURE reviews ,ANADROMOUS fishes ,WILDLIFE conservation ,FISHES ,POPULATION ecology ,FRESHWATER fishes - Abstract
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- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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33. Managing risks to Canada's boreal zone: transdisciplinary thinking in pursuit of sustainability1.
- Author
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Creed, Irena F., Duinker, Peter N., Serran, Jacqueline N., and Steenberg, James W.N.
- Subjects
NATURAL resources ,TAIGA ecology ,POPULATION ,TAIGAS ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,ECOSYSTEM services ,INTERNATIONAL competition - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental Reviews is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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34. Reimagining energy in the Canadian boreal zone: policy needs to facilitate a successful transition to a low-carbon energy future1.
- Author
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Serran, Jacqueline N., Creed, Irena F., Ouellet Dallaire, Camille, Nelson, Harry, Potvin, Catherine, Sharma, Divya, and Poelzer, Greg
- Subjects
RENEWABLE energy transition (Government policy) ,NATURAL resources ,TRANSITION economies ,GREENHOUSE gases ,ZONING ,PETROLEUM products - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental Reviews is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Coarse woody debris in the old-growth forests of British Columbia.
- Author
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Feller, M C
- Subjects
OLD growth forests ,FORESTS & forestry ,FOREST ecology ,FOREST management - Abstract
This paper synthesizes data extracted from the literature and data collected in various studies by the author on the quantity, characteristics, and functional importance of coarse woody debris (CWD) in the old-growth forests of British Columbia (B.C.). There is little agreement in the literature about the minimum diameter of CWD or the number of decay classes recognized. In western North America, five decay classes are commonly used, but recent studies suggest fewer decay classes are preferable. Comparisons among decay classes and biogeoclimatic zones and subzones in B.C. reveal that quantities and volumes are greatest (up to approximately 60 kg/m[sup 2] and approximately 1800 m[sup 3] /ha, respectively), and CWD persists the longest (sometimes in excess of 1000 years) in the Coastal Western Hemlock (CWH) biogeoclimatic zone. The quantity and ground cover of CWD increase with forest productivity. Persistence of CWD has varied from less than 100 to over 800 years in two coastal (CWH and Mountain Hemlock (MH)) and three interior (Interior Douglas-fir (IDF), Interior Cedar–Hemlock (ICH), and Engelmann Spruce – Subalpine Fir (ESSF)) biogeoclimatic zones. Trends in CWD quantity with forest age in managed coastal B.C. forests suggest a U-shaped curve, with greater quantities occurring in recent cutovers than in old-growth forests, and lowest quantities occurring in middle-aged forests. This may be the normal trend in CWD with forest age, with departures from this trend resulting from disturbance- or environment-specific factors. Relatively large amounts of data exist on the characteristics of CWD in the CWH, IDF, ICH, ESSF, and Boreal White and Black Spruce (BWBS) biogeoclimatic zones, but such data for the Coastal Douglas-fir, Sub-Boreal Pine–Spruce, Sub-Boreal Spruce (SBS), and Spruce–Willow–Birch biogeoclimatic zones appear relatively sparse. There have been few studies of the functional role of CWD in B.C. forests, but those studies that have been completed indicate that CWD is an important habitat component for some plant and animal species. A total of 169 plant species, including >95% of all lichens and liverworts, were found to grow on CWD in old-growth forests in the CWH, MH, IDF, ICH, and ESSF biogeoclimatic zones. One third of these species were restricted to CWD. Studies in several biogeoclimatic zones have found that CWD provided preferred habitat for and was associated with higher populations of some small animal species, such as shrews, some voles, and some salamanders, in old-growth forests, but the effects varied with species and biogeoclimatic zone. The nutrient cycling role of CWD is not yet well known, but it currently appears to be relatively insignificant in B.C. old-growth forests. Although it has been considered that CWD could increase mineral soil acidification and eluviation, no evidence for this was found in a study of the CWH, MH, IDF, ICH, ESSF, BWBS, and SBS biogeoclimatic zones. Future studies of the functional role of CWD should consider both scale (square metre vs. hectare) and temporal (changes in CWD with forest age) issues, as studies including these are sparse and both may be important. Key words: biogeoclimatic zones, British Columbia, coarse woody debris, old-growth forests.Cette communication résume les données tirées de la littérature et celles recueillies par l'auteur dans diverses études sur la quantité, les caractéristiques et l'importance fonctionnelle des débris ligneux grossiers (DLG) dans les forêts anciennes de la Colombie-Britannique (C.-B.). Dans la littérature, on ne s'entend pas sur le diamètre minimum des DLG, ou le nombre de classes de décomposition. Dans l'ouest de l'Amérique du Nord, on emploie le plus souvent cinq classes, mais des études récentes portent à croire qu'un nombre de classes inférieur serait préférable. Les comparaisons entre les classes de décomposition et les zones et sous-zones biogéoclimatiques de la C.-B. révèlent que les DLG sont plus abondants (pouvant atteindre environ 60 kg/m[sup 2] et 1800 m[sup 3] /ha) et persistent le plus longtemps (parfois pendant plus de 1000 ans) dans la zone biogéoclimatique cótière de la pruche de l'Ouest (CWH). L'abondance des DLG et la superficie de sol qu'ils couvrent augmentent avec la productivité de la forêt. La persistance des DLG varie de moins de 100 ans à plus de 800 ans dans cinq zones biogéoclimatiques : deux zones côtières (la CWH et la zone de la pruche subalpine (MH)) et trois zones intérieures (celle du douglas taxifolié de l'intérieur (IDF), celle des cèdres et des pruches de l'intérieur (ICH) et celle de l'épinette d'Engelmann et du sapin subalpin (ESSF)). Dans les forêts côtières aménagées de la C.-B., l'abondance des DLG en fonction de l'âge de la forêt suivrait une courbe en U, les débris étant plus abondants sur les parterres de coupe récents que dans les forêts anciennes, et moins abondants dans les forêts d'âge moyen. Cette relation entre les DLG et l'âge de la forêt est peut-être la tendance normale, et les écarts par rapport à celle-ci pourraient être le résultat de facteurs propres à chaque perturbation ou milieu. Il existe beaucoup de données sur les caractéristiques des DLG dans la CWH, la IDF, la ICH, la ESSF et la zone boréale des épinettes blanche et noire (BWBS), mais il en existe relativement peu pour la zone côtière du douglas taxifolié, la zone subboréale des pins et des épinettes, la zone subboréale de l'épinette (SBS) et la zone de l'épinette, du saule et du bouleau. Peu d'études ont été consacrées au rôle fonctionnel des DLG dans les forêts de la Colombie-Britannique, mais d'après celles qui ont été réalisées, les DLG constitueraient une composante importante de l'habitat de certaines espèces végétales et animales. On a recensé 169 espèces végétales poussant sur ces débris, dont plus de 95 % de tous les lichens et hépatiques, dans les forêts anciennes de la CWH, de la MH, de la IDF, de la ICH et de la ESSF. Le tiers de ces espèces ne poussent que sur les DLG. D'après des études effectuées dans plusieurs zones biogéoclimatiques, ces débris constituent l'habitat préféré de certains petits animaux présents dans les forêts anciennes, tels que les musaraignes, certains campagnols et certaines salamandres, et sont associés à de plus fortes populations de ces animaux, mais les effets varient selon l'espèce et la zone biogéoclimatique. Le rôle des DLG dans le recyclage des éléments nutritifs n'est pas bien connu, mais il semble qu'il soit relativement négligeable dans les forêts anciennes de la C.-B. Il a été avancé que les débris ligneux grossiers pourraient accroître l'acidification et le lessivage des sols minéraux, mais de tels effets n'ont pas été mis en évidence dans une étude de la zone CWH, de la MH, de la IDF, de la ICH, de la ESSF, de la BWBS et de la SBS. À l'avenir, les études sur le rôle fonctionnel des DLG devraient tenir compte des aspects liés à l'échelle (m[sup 2] ou ha) et temporels (modifications des DLG avec le vieillissement de la forêt) puisque les études impliquent ces paramètres potentiellement importants sont rares. Mots clés : zones biogéoclimatiques, Colombie-Britannique, débris ligneux grossiers, forêts anciennes. [Traduit par la rédaction] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Aquatic herbicide applications for the control of aquatic plants in Canada: effects to nontarget aquatic organisms.
- Author
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Breckels, R.D. and Kilgour, B.W.
- Subjects
AQUATIC herbicides ,PLANT-soil relationships ,GLYPHOSATE ,AMPHIBIAN declines ,DIQUAT - Abstract
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- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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37. Canada's federal database is inadequate for the assessment of environmental consequences of oil and gas pipeline failures.
- Author
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Belvederesi, Chiara, Thompson, Megan S., and Komers, Petr E.
- Subjects
PETROLEUM pipelines ,PIPELINES ,ENVIRONMENTAL degradation ,PIPELINE accidents - Abstract
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- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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38. Assessment of seven Canadian rivers in relation to stages in oil sands industrial development, 1972-2010.
- Author
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Alexander, A. C. and Chambers, P. A.
- Subjects
OIL sands ,INDUSTRIALIZATION ,RIVERS ,OIL shales ,WATER quality - Abstract
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- Published
- 2016
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39. Is the END (emulation of natural disturbance) a new beginning? A critical analysis of the use of fire regimes as the basis of forest ecosystem management with examples from the Canadian western Cordillera.
- Author
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Stockdale, Chris, Flannigan, Mike, and Macdonald, Ellen
- Subjects
FOREST management ,ECOSYSTEM management ,FORESTS & forestry ,FOREST fire management ,ECOSYSTEMS - Abstract
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- Published
- 2016
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40. Observed trends and climate projections affecting marine ecosystems in the Canadian Arctic.
- Author
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Steiner, Nadja, Azetsu-Scott, Kumiko, Hamilton, Jim, Hedges, Kevin, Hu, Xianmin, Janjua, Muhammad Y., Lavoie, Diane, Loder, John, Melling, Humfrey, Merzouk, Anissa, Perrie, William, Peterson, Ingrid, Scarratt, Michael, Sou, Tessa, and Tallmann, Ross
- Subjects
CLIMATE change forecasts ,MARINE ecology ,ATMOSPHERIC temperature ,METEOROLOGICAL precipitation ,SNOW ,ATMOSPHERIC circulation ,STORMS ,OCEAN acidification - Abstract
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- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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41. Non-native species in Canada's boreal zone: diversity, impacts, and risk1.
- Author
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Langor, David W., Cameron, Erin K., MacQuarrie, Chris J.K., McBeath, Alec, McClay, Alec, Peter, Brian, Pybus, Margo, Ramsfield, Tod, Ryall, Krista, Scarr, Taylor, Yemshanov, Denys, DeMerchant, Ian, Foottit, Robert, and Pohl, Greg R.
- Subjects
TAIGAS ,ECOLOGICAL impact ,HABITATS ,RESOURCE management ,AGRICULTURAL landscape management - Abstract
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- Published
- 2014
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42. Mercury and marine birds in Arctic Canada: effects, current trends, and why we should be paying closer attention.
- Author
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Provencher, J.F., Mallory, M.L., Braune, B.M., Forbes, M.R., and Gilchrist, H.G.
- Subjects
MERCURY & the environment ,MERCURY poisoning ,SEA bird ecology ,CLIMATE change research - Abstract
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- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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43. Terrestrial ecosystem monitoring in Canada and the greater role for integrated earth observation.
- Author
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Pasher, Jon, Smith, Paul A., Forbes, Mark R., and Duffe, Jason
- Subjects
FOREST ecology ,ECOSYSTEM services ,REMOTE sensing ,WILDLIFE management ,ANIMAL ecology - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental Reviews is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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44. Protected areas in boreal Canada: a baseline and considerations for the continued development of a representative and effective reserve network1.
- Author
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Andrew, Margaret E., Wulder, Michael A., and Cardille, Jeffrey A.
- Subjects
PROTECTED areas ,TAIGAS ,CARBON sequestration in forests ,ECOLOGICAL zones ,GAP analysis (Planning) ,REMOTE sensing - Abstract
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- Published
- 2014
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45. Canadian boreal forests and climate change mitigation1.
- Author
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Lemprière, T.C., Kurz, W.A., Hogg, E.H., Schmoll, C., Rampley, G.J., Yemshanov, D., McKenney, D.W., Gilsenan, R., Beatch, A., Blain, D., Bhatti, J.S., and Krcmar, E.
- Subjects
FORESTS & forestry ,TAIGAS ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,CARBON sequestration ,WOOD products ,FOSSIL fuels ,CARBON dioxide mitigation - Abstract
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- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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46. Anticipating the consequences of climate change for Canada's boreal forest ecosystems1.
- Author
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Price, David T., Alfaro, R.I., Brown, K.J., Flannigan, M.D., Fleming, R.A., Hogg, E.H., Girardin, M.P., Lakusta, T., Johnston, M., McKenney, D.W., Pedlar, J.H., Stratton, T., Sturrock, R.N., Thompson, I.D., Trofymow, J.A., and Venier, L.A.
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,TAIGAS ,FORESTS & forestry ,FOREST ecology ,FOREST canopies ,TEMPERATURE effect - Abstract
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- Published
- 2013
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47. Carbon in Canada's boreal forest - A synthesis1.
- Author
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Kurz, W.A., Shaw, C.H., Boisvenue, C., Stinson, G., Metsaranta, J., Leckie, D., Dyk, A., Smyth, C., and Neilson, E.T.
- Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide ,TAIGAS ,FORESTS & forestry ,CHEMICAL synthesis ,FOREST management ,FOREST biomass ,CHEMICAL decomposition - Abstract
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- Published
- 2013
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48. The effects of lead agency, nongovernmental organizations, and recovery team membership on the identification of critical habitat for species at risk: insights from the Canadian experience.
- Author
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Taylor, Eric B. and Pinkus, Susan
- Subjects
LEAD industry ,NONGOVERNMENTAL organizations ,CRITICAL habitat designation ,LEGAL judgments ,ENDANGERED species - Abstract
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- Published
- 2013
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49. Climate change, fisheries, and aquaculture: trends and consequences for Canadian marine biodiversity1.
- Author
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Hutchings, Jeffrey A., Côté, Isabelle M., Dodson, Julian J., Fleming, Ian A., Jennings, S., Mantua, Nathan J., Peterman, Randall M., Riddell, Brian E., and Weaver, Andrew J.
- Subjects
OCEAN ,FISHES ,OVERFISHING ,FISH farming ,CLIMATE change ,AQUACULTURE ,MARINE biodiversity - Abstract
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- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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50. Canada's international and national commitments to sustain marine biodiversity1.
- Author
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VanderZwaag, David L., Hutchings, Jeffrey A., Jennings, S., and Peterman, Randall M.
- Subjects
MARINE parks & reserves ,PRECAUTIONARY principle ,FISHERIES ,MARINE biodiversity - Abstract
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- Published
- 2012
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51. Environmental pathways of potential impacts to human health from oil and gas development in northeast British Columbia, Canada.
- Author
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Krzyzanowski, Judi
- Subjects
FOSSIL fuels ,ENVIRONMENTAL health ,CANCER ,WATER pollution ,ENVIRONMENTAL exposure ,HEALTH status indicators - Abstract
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- Published
- 2012
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52. Contaminant biomonitoring programs in the Great Lakes region: Review of approaches and critical factors.
- Author
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Gewurtz, Sarah B., Backus, Sean M., Bhavsar, Satyendra P., McGoldrick, Daryl J., de Solla, Shane R., and Murphy, Elizabeth W.
- Subjects
BIOLOGICAL monitoring ,POLYCHLORINATED biphenyls ,LAKE trout - Abstract
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- Published
- 2011
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53. A review on arsenic concentrations in Canadian drinking water.
- Author
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McGuigan, Claire F., Hamula, Camille L. A., Huang, Sarah, Gabos, Stephan, and Le, X. Chris
- Subjects
ARSENIC content of drinking water ,WATER quality ,PUBLIC health ,ARSENIC - Abstract
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- Published
- 2010
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54. Freshwater acidification research in Atlantic Canada: a review of results and predictions for the future.
- Author
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Clair, Thomas A., Dennis, Ian F., Scruton, David A., and Gilliss, Mallory
- Subjects
ACIDIFICATION ,FRESHWATER ecology ,ORGANIC acids ,CARBON compounds - Abstract
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- Published
- 2007
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55. Riparian areas in the Canadian boreal forest and linkages with water quality in streams.
- Author
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Luke, Stacey H., Luckai, Nancy J., Burke, Janice M., and Prepas, Ellie E.
- Subjects
TAIGAS ,AQUATIC ecology ,BUFFER states (International relations) ,RIPARIAN areas ,RIVERS ,VEGETATION dynamics ,WATER quality - Abstract
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- Published
- 2007
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56. Paludification and management of forested peatlands in Canada: a literature review.
- Author
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Lavoie, Martin, Paré, David, Fenton, Nicole, Groot, Arthur, and Taylor, Kim
- Subjects
PEATLANDS ,WILDFIRES ,FORESTS & forestry ,PEAT mosses - Abstract
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- Published
- 2005
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57. Research needs for the management of water quality issues, particularly phosphorus and oxygen concentrations, related to salmonid cage aquaculture in Canadian freshwaters.
- Author
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Yan, N. D.
- Subjects
RESEARCH ,WATER quality ,MANAGEMENT ,PHOSPHORUS ,OXYGEN ,SALMONIDAE ,AQUACULTURE ,FRESHWATER ecology - Abstract
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- Published
- 2005
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58. Natural emissions of mercury to the atmosphere in Canada.
- Author
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Richardson, G. Mark, Mitchell, Ian A., Mah-Paulson, May, Hackbarth, tracy, and Garrett, Robert G.
- Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC mercury ,EMISSIONS (Air pollution) ,AIR pollution ,ATMOSPHERIC deposition - Abstract
Presents a study that examined quantitative estimates of anthropogenic and natural source emissions of mercury to the atmosphere in Canada. Background on a Canadian inventory of natural source emissions to the atmosphere in 1981; Application of a source inventory approach in the study; Methods used to calculate fluxes of mercury.
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- 2003
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59. Canadian Wildlife Service's Herring Gull Monitoring Program: Importance to the development of environmental policy on organohalogens.
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Gilbertson, Michael
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ENVIRONMENTAL policy ,ORGANOHALOGEN compounds -- Environmental aspects ,LARUS argentatus - Abstract
Discusses the importance of the monitoring of the herring gull to the development of environmental policy on organohalogens in Ontario. Forensic toxicology; Skepticism and post normal science; Implications for human health.
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- 2001
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- View/download PDF
60. Embracing open access and offering greater choice for authors.
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SCHOLARLY publishing ,OPEN access publishing ,SCHOLARLY periodicals ,NONPROFIT organizations ,PARTNERING between organizations ,SCIENCE periodicals ,LAW - Abstract
The article discusses ways in which research or scholarly publications can comply with the open access (OA) policies of Canadian funding agencies. Particular focus is given to funding agencies' newly adopted policy on federally funded peer-reviewed journals, as well as nonprofit Canadian Science Publishing's (CSP) stance on OA. Also discussed open access repository, partnership between CSP and University of Toronto Libraries' TSpace, and the new OA journal "Arctic Science."
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- 2015
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61. Structure, composition, and diversity of old-growth black spruce boreal forest of the Clay Belt region in Quebec and Ontario.
- Author
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Harper, Karen, Boudreault, Catherine, DeGrandpré, Louis, Drapeau, Pierre, Gauthier, Sylvie, and Bergeron, Yves
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TAIGAS ,FORESTS & forestry - Abstract
Old-growth black spruce (Picea mariana) boreal forest in the Clay Belt region of Ontario and Quebec is an open forest with a low canopy, quite different from what many consider to be "old growth". Here, we provide an overview of the characteristics of old-growth black spruce forest for three different site types on organic, clay, and coarse deposits. Our objectives were (1) to identify the extent of older forests; (2) to describe the structure, composition, and diversity in different age classes; and (3) to identify key processes in old-growth black spruce forest. We sampled canopy composition, deadwood abundance, understorey composition, and nonvascular plant species in 91 forest stands along a chronosequence that extended from 20 to more than 250 years after fire. We used a peak in tree basal area, which occurred at 100 years on clay and coarse sites and at 200 years on organic sites, as a process-based means of defining the start of old-growth forest. Old-growth forests are extensive in the Clay Belt, covering 30–50% of the forested landscape. Black spruce was dominant on all organic sites, and in all older stands. Although there were fewer understorey species and none exclusive to old-growth, these forests were structurally diverse and had greater abundance of Sphagnum, epiphytic lichens, and ericaceous species. Paludification, a process characteristic of old-growth forest stands on clay deposits in this region, causes decreases in tree and deadwood abundance. Old-growth black spruce forests, therefore, lack the large trees and snags that are characteristic of other old-growth forests. Small-scale disturbances such as spruce budworm and windthrow are common, creating numerous gaps. Landscape and stand level management strategies could minimize structural changes caused by harvesting, but unmanaged forest in all stages of development must be preserved in order to conserve all the attributes of old-growth black spruce forest. Key words: boreal forest, old growth, paludification, Picea mariana, structural development, succession.Dans la région de la ceinture d'argile de l`Ontario et du Québec, la forêt boréale ancienne d'épinette noire (Picea mariana) est une forêt ouverte, où la canopée est basse, ce qui diffère considérablement de la perception que le public a d'une « forêt ancienne ». Nous présentons ici un aperçu des caractéristiques de la pessière noire ancienne poussant sur dépôts organiques, argileux et grossiers. Nos objectifs étaient: (1) déterminer l'étendue des forêts plus vieilles; (2) décrire la structure, la composition et la diversité en fonction des classes d'âge; (3) mettre en lumière les processus clés dans la pessière noire ancienne. Nous avons échantillonné la composition de l'étage supérieur, l'abondance de bois mort, la composition du sous-bois et les plantes invasculaires de 91 peuplements forestiers, le long d'une chronoséquence de 20 à plus de 250 ans après feu. Nous avons utilizé le maximum de la surface terrière des arbres, observé à 100 ans sur les dépôts argileux et grossiers et à 200 ans sur les dépôts organiques, pour définir le début de la forêt ancienne. Dans la ceinture d'argile, les forêts anciennes sont abondantes, couvrant de 30 à 50 % du paysage forestier. L'épinette noire domine sur tous les sols organiques, ainsi que dans tous les peuplements plus âgés. Bien que les espèces du sous-bois soient moins nombreuses et qu'aucune d'elles ne leur soit exclusivement liée, les forêts anciennes présentent une structure variée et renferment davantage de Sphagnum, de lichens épiphytes et d'éricacées. La paludification, processus caractéristique des peuplements forestiers anciens sur dépôts argileux dans cette région, entraîne une diminution de l'abondance des arbres et du bois mort. Par conséquent, on ne trouve pas dans les forêts anciennes d'épinette noire, les quantités élevées de gros arbres et de chicots qui caractérisent d'autres forêts anciennes. Des perturbations à petite échelle, comme les épidémies de la tordeuse des bourgeons de l'épinette et les chablis, sont fréquentes et créent de nombreuses trouées. Des stratégies d'aménagement à l'échelle du paysage et du peuplement pourraient réduire les changements structuraux causés par la récolte; cependant, il est essentiel de préserver des peuplements non aménagés à tous les stades de développement pour conserver toutes les caractéristiques d'une pessière noire ancienne. Mots clés : forêt boréale, forêt ancienne, paludification, Picea mariana, développement structurale, succession. [Traduit par la rédaction] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
62. Overview of old-growth forests in Canada from a science perspective.
- Author
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Mosseler, A, Thompson, I, and Pendrel, B A
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FORESTS & forestry ,SCIENCE ,BIODIVERSITY - Abstract
In response to a broad public concern about the rapidly diminishing area of old-growth forests and their intrinsic biological value, the Canadian Forest Service organized a national symposium in 2001 to discuss the old-growth issue from a science perspective. The objectives were: (i) to bring together Canadian expertise on old-growth forests, (ii) to define old growth within the main forest regions of Canada, (iii) to understand its biological complexities and ecological roles, and (iv) to discuss management and restoration experiences and options. Some forest regions of Canada still contain significant old-growth forest (e.g., some boreal forest regions), although other regions contain very little primary, relatively undisturbed, older forest (e.g., eastern temperate-zone forest regions). One of the difficulties in managing and conserving old-growth forests is defining them in a scientifically meaningful, yet operational and policy-relevant manner. This difficulty may be overcome by developing an index of "old-growthness" (Spies and Franklin 1988) related to specific forest regions or forest types. Such an old-growth index would allow for the inclusion of specific attributes, composition, functions, and processes seen as relevant to different ecological regions or specific forest types and could serve as a basis for prioritizing local or regional conservation and management activities. Thus, such an index approach has worldwide applicability. Traditionally, old-growth forests have been valued primarily as habitat for forest-dependent, specifically old-growth-dependent, wildlife. Recent results from research on old-growth forests in eastern Canada suggest that as tree populations age they tend to increase in genetic diversity and reproductive fitness, suggesting that old-growth forests may serve as natural reservoirs of genetic diversity and reproductive fitness for the constituent tree species. This has important implications for the dispersal and adaptation of trees across increasingly fragmented forest landscapes subject to the anticipated rapid climatic changes and the introduction of new pest and disease problems. Old-growth conservation goes well beyond the more traditional areas of watershed (including water quality) and habitat protection and includes emerging issues such as the conservation of genetic resources and carbon sequestration. It is very much a cross-sectoral issue with many interdisciplinary linkages. Therefore, conservation and protection of old-growth forests should be of wide general interest to the forest sector. Key words: biodiversity conservation, Canada's forests, genetic diversity, late-successional temperate forests, old-growth index, reproductive fitness.En réaction aux préoccupations du public, le Service canadien des forêts a organisé un symposium national en 2001, pour discuter la problématique des forêts âgées d'un point de vue scientifique. Les objectifs étaient : (i) de réunir les experts canadiens en matière de vieilles forêts; (ii) de définir la forêt âgée dans les principales régions forestières du Canada; (iii) de comprendre leurs complexités biologiques et leurs rôles écologique, et (iv) de discuter les expériences et les options d'aménagement et de restauration. Certaines régions forestières du Canada contiennent encore des forêts âgées substantielles (e.g. certaines régions forestières boréales), alors que d'autres régions contiennent très peu de forêts primaires plus âgées, relativement non-perturbées (e.g. les régions forestières tempérées de l'est). Une des difficultés pour l'aménagement et la conservation des forêts âgées consiste à les définir en termes scientifiques rigoureux, tout en le faisant de manière opérationnelle et politiquement appropriée. On pourrait régler cette difficulté en développant un index de « vieillesse forestière » (Spies and Franklin 1988) relativement à des régions forestières ou des types forestiers spécifiques. Un tel index de forêts âgées pourrait permettre d'inclure des attributs, des compositions, des fonctions et des processus considérés comme importants pour les différentes régions écologiques ou types forestiers spécifiques, et pourrait servir de base pour établir des priorités locales et régionales de conservation et d'aménagement. Ainsi, une telle approche par index pourrait être appliquée partout au monde. Traditionnellement, les forêts âgées ont été valorisées surtout comme habitat pour des organismes dépendant de la forêt, et dépendant spécifiquement des forêts âgées. Les résultats récents de recherches effectuées sur des forêts âgées de l'est du Canada suggèrent qu'à mesure que les population d'arbres vieillissent, elles tendent à augmenter leur diversité génétique et leur adaptation reproductive, ce qui suggère que les forêts âgées pourraient servir comme réservoirs naturels de diversité génétique et d'adaptabilité reproductive pour les espèces d'arbre qui les composent. Ceci a des implications importantes pour la dispersion et l'adaptation des arbres au sein de paysages forestiers de plus en plus fragmentés et sujets aux changements climatiques rapides anticipés, ainsi qu'à l'introduction de nouveaux problèmes de parasites et de maladies. La conservation des vieilles forêts dépasse de loin les aires de bassin versant plus traditionnelles (incluant la qualité de l'eau) et la protection des habitats, et inclut des problématiques émergentes telles que la conservation des ressources génétiques et la séquestration du carbone. Il s'agit de plus en plus d'une problématique trans-sectorielle avec de nombreux liens interdisciplinaires. Conséquemment, la conservation et la protection des forêts âgées devrait susciter un vaste intérêt dans le secteur forestier. Mots clés : conservation de la biodiversité, forêts du Canada, diversité génétique, forêts tempérées de fin de succession, index de vieillissement forestier, adaptation reproductive. [Traduit par la rédaction] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
63. Patterns of bryophyte diversity in humid coastal and inland cedar–hemlock forests of British Columbia.
- Author
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Newmaster, Steven G, Belland, René J, Arsenault, André, and Vitt, Dale H
- Subjects
BRYOPHYTES ,BIODIVERSITY ,FORESTS & forestry ,FOREST management - Abstract
Mosses and hepatics (bryophytes) are the most diverse and abundant understorey vegetation within the Coastal Western Hemlock (CWH) and Interior Cedar–Hemlock (ICH) zones of British Columbia. This study intensively sampled bryophytes in 287 young- and old-growth stands in the CWH and ICH zones. Two major variables strongly influence the patterning of bryophyte diversity in these zones: stand age and habitat heterogeneity. Canonical correspondence analyses (CCA) identified these as the most important variables explaining stand–environment interactions. Alpha diversity is much greater in old-growth forests and beta diversity is high between young and old forests. Old-growth cedar–hemlock forests have between 60 (ICH) and 100% (CWH) more species than younger forests disturbed by wildfire in the ICH zones or logging in the CWH zones. Furthermore, a stand classification built on species composition partitioned species into stands of different ages and mesohabitat heterogeneity. Beta diversity was also partitioned between stands of different ages and habitat heterogeneity. This indicates that both young and old forests have a unique assemblage of species. Indicator analysis was used to choose a partial lists of species that are indicators of "old growthness". These old forests support a rich flora of hepatics and rare western North American endemics. High environmental continuity is associated with the most humid watersheds and cedar–hemlock forests within these watersheds have the highest bryophyte diversity. The establishment of rich communities of bryophytes in the moist cedar–hemlock forest has been occurring over the last 2000–7000 years, with the coastal rainforest much older than the inland rainforest. Large-scale disturbance, such as forestry, threatens the existence of these highly diverse communities. A better understanding of the patterning of bryophyte diversity will provide an opportunity to minimize the impact of forest operations on biodiversity. Bryophyte diversity in British Columbia cedar–hemlock forests will be sustained through ecosystem management of old-growth legacies (i.e., landscapes, stands, and their components) and preservation of areas of high diversity. Temporal and habitat variables are influential in the patterning of bryophyte diversity. Management plans that consider these variables will be better equipped to manage cedar–hemlock forests for maintaining biodiversity. Key words: biodiversity, bryophytes, cedar–hemlock, CWH, disturbance, ecosystem management, floristic habitat sampling, forest conservation, ICH, old growth, patterning of diversity, rare species, species richness.Les mousses et les hépatiques (bryophytes) représentent la végétation de sous-étage la plus diversifiée et abondante dans la zone côtière de la pruche de l'Ouest (CWH) et la zone à thuya et à pruche de l'Intérieur (ICH) en Colombie-Britannique. Cette étude a comporté un échantillonnage intensif des bryophytes dans 287 peuplements jeunes et anciens de ces deux zones. Deux variables y exercent une influence majeure sur le patron de répartition de la diversité des bryophytes : l'âge des peuplements et l'hétérogénéité des habitats. Des analyses canoniques des correspondances (ACC) ont indiqué qu'il s'agissait des plus importantes variables pour expliquer les interactions peuplement–environnement. La diversité alpha est beaucoup plus grande dans les forêts anciennes, et la diversité bêta est élevée entre les forêts jeunes et les forêts vieilles. Les forêts anciennes de thuya et de pruche comptent entre 60 % (ICH) et 100 % (CWH) plus d'espèces que les forêts plus jeunes perturbées par un incendie dans la zone ICH ou une récolte dans CWH. De plus, une classification des peuplements reposant sur la composition en espèces a fourni une répartition de la richesse en espèces entre peuplements ayant différentes caractéristiques d'âge et d'hétérogénéité des mesohabitats. La diversité bêta a aussi été répartie entre peuplements ayant différentes caractéristiques. Il ressort que la jeune forêt et la vieille forêt ont toutes deux un assemblage unique d'espèces. Une analyse a été effectuée pour établir une liste partielle d'espèces indicatrices d' « ancienneté ». Les vieilles forêts étudiées abritent une flore riche en hépatiques et en espèces endémiques rares de l'Ouest de l'Amérique du Nord. Une grande continuité de l'environnement est associée aux bassins versants les plus humides, et les forêts de thuya et de pruche de ces bassins renferment la plus forte diversité en bryophytes. L'établissement de riches communautés de bryophytes dans la forêt humide de thuya et de pruche se poursuit depuis des milliers d'années, de 2000 à 7000 ans, la forêt ombrophile côtière étant beaucoup plus âgée que la forêt ombrophile intérieure. Les perturbations de grande échelle, comme l'exploitation forestière, menacent l'existence de ces communautés de grande diversité. Une meilleure compréhension du patron de répartition de la diversité des bryophytes aidera à limiter l'impact des opérations forestières sur la biodiversité. La diversité des bryophytes dans les forêts de thuya et de pruche de la Colombie-Britannique pourra être maintenue en aménageant à l'échelle de l'écosystème les vestiges des forêts anciennes (c.-à-d. paysages, peuplements et leurs composantes) et en préservant des zones à forte diversité. Des variables temporelles et des variables de l'habitat influent sur le patron de répartition de la diversité des bryophytes. Les plans d'aménagement prenant en considération ces variables seront mieux en mesure d'assurer le maintien de la biodiversité des forêts de thuya et de pruche. Mots clés : aménagement écosystémique, biodiversité, bryophytes, conservation de la forêt, CWH, échantillonnage floristique de l'habitat, espèces rares, forêt ancienne, ICH, patron de répartition de la diversité, perturbation, pruche, richesse en espèces, thuya.[Traduit par la rédaction] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
64. Characterization of old "wet boreal" forests, with an example from balsam fir forests of western Newfoundland.
- Author
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Thompson, Ian D, Larson, David J, and Montevecchi, William A
- Subjects
TAIGAS ,FORESTS & forestry ,BIODIVERSITY ,FOREST management - Abstract
Wet boreal forests occur primarily in Atlantic Canada especially in Newfoundland, but examples are also found in Quebec and the northeastern U.S.A. These forests are dominated by balsam fir (Abies balsamea), which is susceptible to fire but flourishes in wetter environments where fire is absent. The major stand disturbances are caused by insects, primarily spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) and hemlock looper (Lambdina fiscellaria), followed by root rots and blowdown. Stands in Newfoundland were characterized by large amounts of dead standing and fallen wood, as a result of self-thinning processes and insect attacks. A comparison of 40-, 60-, and >= 80-year-old forests in Newfoundland indicated that the oldest stage of balsam fir forests had a distinctly different structure, including more large dead and fallen wood, a more irregular canopy including gaps, a more diverse ground flora, more moss ground cover, a more variable tree height, taller snags, fewer white birch snags, and fewer deciduous small trees. These differences were reflected in various plant and animal faunas that were distinct in the old forest including: flowering plants, beetles, Collembola, oribatid mites, mammals, and birds. Several species of plants and animals were only found in the oldest forest stands, including a high percentage among the arthropods. Suggested indicator species at the stand level include black-backed woodpeckers (Picoides arcticus) and marten (Martes americana). Logging results in a larger mean patch size than that caused by natural insect disturbances, possibly affecting dispersal by soil organisms and plants within the new landscape. A portion of the landscape, keyed to species with the largest area requirements to maintain their populations, including marten, black-backed woodpeckers, and (or) boreal owls (Aegolius funereus) could guide the amount of old forest, and individual patch sizes, required across a landscape over time. Key words: old growth, biodiversity, species richness, forest management, balsam fir.Les forêts boréales humides se trouvent principalement dans les provinces canadiennes de l'Atlantique, surtout à Terre-Neuve. Il en existe également au Québec et dans le Nord-Est des États-Unis. Dans ces forêts domine le sapin baumier (Abies balsamea), sensible au feu, qui prospère dans les milieux plus humides où le feu est absent. Les principales sources de perturbation des peuplements sont les insectes, plus particulièrement la tordeuse des bourgeons de l'épinette (Choristoneura fumiferana) et l'arpenteuse de la pruche ( Lambdina fiscellaria), puis les pourridiés et les chablis. À Terre-Neuve, les peuplements se caractérisent par des quantités importantes d'arbres morts sur pied et de bois au sol résultant des processus d'éclaircie naturelle et des attaques d'insectes. Une comparaison de forêts terre-neuviennes de 40, 60 et 80+ ans a indiqué que, par rapport aux peuplements de 40 ou 60 ans, les sapinières les plus âgées présentent une structure nettement différente, se caractérisant, entre autres, par une plus grande quantité de gros bois morts, un étage supérieur plus irrégulier avec des trouées, une flore au sol plus diversifiée, une strate muscinée plus abondante, une hauteur des arbres plus variable, des chicots de plus grande hauteur, moins de chicots de bouleau à papier et moins de petits arbres feuillus. Ces différences se reflètent dans diverses composantes de la flore et de la faune qui sont distinctes dans la vieille forêt (plantes à fleurs, coléoptères, collemboles, acariens oribates, mammifères et oiseaux, entre autres). Plusieurs espèces végétales et animales, dont un pourcentage élevé d'arthropodes, n'ont été trouvées que dans les peuplements forestiers les plus âgés. Le pic à dos noir (Picoides arcticus) et la martre (Martes americana) sont suggérés en tant qu'espèces indicatrices au niveau du peuplement. La récolte forestière crée des trouées en moyenne plus grandes que celles résultant des perturbations naturelles causées par les insectes, ce qui pourrait affecter la dispersion par les organismes du sol et les plantes dans le nouveau paysage. Une portion du paysage déterminée en fonction d'espèces ayant besoin de plus d'espace pour maintenir leurs populations, incluant la nyctale boréale (Aegolius funereus), pourrait servir de guide pour établir la quantité requise de vieille forêt, et la taille appropriée des parcelles, dans un paysage en fonction du temps. Mots clés : forêts anciennes, biodiversité, richesse des espèces, gestion des forêts, sapin baumier. [Traduit par la rédaction] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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