1. Particulate matter promotes hyperpigmentation via AhR/MAPK signaling activation and by increasing α-MSH paracrine levels in keratinocytes
- Author
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Zhuotong Zeng, Chengyun Zhou, Xinyu Ma, Qinghai Zeng, Rong Xiao, Zixin Pi, Fan Qiao, Jiani Liu, Weiping Xiong, Puyu Zou, Deng Qiancheng, and Yaqian Shi
- Subjects
Keratinocytes ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,010501 environmental sciences ,Toxicology ,complex mixtures ,01 natural sciences ,Skin Aging ,Paracrine signalling ,Hyperpigmentation ,medicine ,Humans ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,integumentary system ,biology ,Chemistry ,General Medicine ,Aryl hydrocarbon receptor ,Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor ,Pollution ,Ambient air ,Cell biology ,Mapk signaling ,alpha-MSH ,Quality of Life ,biology.protein ,Particulate Matter ,medicine.symptom ,Homeostasis - Abstract
Particulate matter with an aerodynamic equivalent diameter of 2.5 μm or less in ambient air (PM2.5) has become a global public and environmental problem, and the control of the PM2.5 concentration in air is an urgent problem. PM2.5 can easily penetrate the skin, activating the inflammatory response in skin, unbalancing the skin barrier function, and inducing skin aging. Hyperpigmentation is the main manifestation of skin aging and has a considerable impact on quality of life worldwide. To date, no research on the influence of PM2.5 on hyperpigmentation has been conducted. Here, we illustrate that PM2.5 can induce melanogenesis in vivo and in vitro by regulating TYR, TYRP1, TYRP2, and MITF expression via AhR/MAPK signaling activation. Furthermore, PM2.5 increased α-MSH paracrine levels, which in turn promote hyperpigmentation. Our results provide a deeper understanding of how PM2.5 disrupts skin homeostasis and function. Treatment with AhR antagonists may be a potential therapeutic strategy for hyperpigmentation induced by PM2.5.
- Published
- 2021