9 results on '"Romano, Megan E."'
Search Results
2. Associations of Organophosphate Ester Flame Retardant Exposures during Pregnancy with Gestational Duration and Fetal Growth: The Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program
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Oh, Jiwon, Buckley, Jessie P, Li, Xuan, Gachigi, Kennedy K, Kannan, Kurunthachalam, Lyu, Wenjie, Ames, Jennifer L, Barrett, Emily S, Bastain, Theresa M, Breton, Carrie V, Buss, Claudia, Croen, Lisa A, Dunlop, Anne L, Ferrara, Assiamira, Ghassabian, Akhgar, Herbstman, Julie B, Hernandez-Castro, Ixel, Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Kahn, Linda G, Karagas, Margaret R, Kuiper, Jordan R, McEvoy, Cindy T, Meeker, John D, Morello-Frosch, Rachel, Padula, Amy M, Romano, Megan E, Sathyanarayana, Sheela, Schantz, Susan, Schmidt, Rebecca J, Simhan, Hyagriv, Starling, Anne P, Tylavsky, Frances A, Volk, Heather E, Woodruff, Tracey J, Zhu, Yeyi, Bennett, Deborah H, and Outcomes, program collaborators for Environmental influences on Child Health
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Reproductive Medicine ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Health Sciences ,Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period ,Social Determinants of Health ,Pediatric ,Pregnancy ,Conditions Affecting the Embryonic and Fetal Periods ,Preterm ,Low Birth Weight and Health of the Newborn ,Clinical Research ,Women's Health ,Prevention ,Endocrine Disruptors ,Maternal Health ,Reproductive health and childbirth ,Good Health and Well Being ,Infant ,Newborn ,Child ,Humans ,Female ,Flame Retardants ,Birth Weight ,Premature Birth ,Phosphates ,Fetal Development ,Organophosphates ,Biomarkers ,Outcome Assessment ,Health Care ,Esters ,Biphenyl Compounds ,program collaborators for Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes ,Environmental Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Toxicology ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Environmental sciences ,Health sciences - Abstract
BackgroundWidespread exposure to organophosphate ester (OPE) flame retardants with potential reproductive toxicity raises concern regarding the impacts of gestational exposure on birth outcomes. Previous studies of prenatal OPE exposure and birth outcomes had limited sample sizes, with inconclusive results.ObjectivesWe conducted a collaborative analysis of associations between gestational OPE exposures and adverse birth outcomes and tested whether associations were modified by sex.MethodsWe included 6,646 pregnant participants from 16 cohorts in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program. Nine OPE biomarkers were quantified in maternal urine samples collected primarily during the second and third trimester and modeled as log2-transformed continuous, categorized (high/low/nondetect), or dichotomous (detect/nondetect) variables depending on detection frequency. We used covariate-adjusted linear, logistic, and multinomial regression with generalized estimating equations, accounting for cohort-level clustering, to estimate associations of OPE biomarkers with gestational length and birth weight outcomes. Secondarily, we assessed effect modification by sex.ResultsThree OPE biomarkers [diphenyl phosphate (DPHP), a composite of dibutyl phosphate and di-isobutyl phosphate (DBUP/DIBP), and bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate] were detected in >85% of participants. In adjusted models, DBUP/DIBP [odds ratio (OR) per doubling=1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02, 1.12] and bis(butoxyethyl) phosphate (OR for high vs. nondetect=1.25; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.46), but not other OPE biomarkers, were associated with higher odds of preterm birth. We observed effect modification by sex for associations of DPHP and high bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate with completed gestational weeks and odds of preterm birth, with adverse associations among females. In addition, newborns of mothers with detectable bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate, bis(2-methylphenyl) phosphate, and dipropyl phosphate had higher birth weight-for-gestational-age z-scores (β for detect vs. nondetect=0.04-0.07); other chemicals showed null associations.DiscussionIn the largest study to date, we find gestational exposures to several OPEs are associated with earlier timing of birth, especially among female neonates, or with greater fetal growth. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13182.
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- 2024
3. Associations of Gestational Perfluoroalkyl Substances Exposure with Early Childhood BMI z-Scores and Risk of Overweight/Obesity: Results from the ECHO Cohorts
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Liu, Yun, Wosu, Adaeze C, Fleisch, Abby F, Dunlop, Anne L, Starling, Anne P, Ferrara, Assiamira, Dabelea, Dana, Oken, Emily, Buckley, Jessie P, Chatzi, Leda, Karagas, Margaret R, Romano, Megan E, Schantz, Susan, O’Connor, Thomas G, Woodruff, Tracey J, Zhu, Yeyi, Hamra, Ghassan B, Braun, Joseph M, and Outcomes, and the program collaborators for Environmental influences on Child Health
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Epidemiology ,Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Clinical Research ,Prevention ,Nutrition ,Obesity ,Pediatric ,Metabolic and endocrine ,Cardiovascular ,Cancer ,Male ,Pregnancy ,Female ,Adolescent ,Humans ,Child ,Preschool ,Child ,Body Mass Index ,Overweight ,Prospective Studies ,Bayes Theorem ,Fluorocarbons ,Environmental Pollutants ,Alkanesulfonic Acids ,the program collaborators for Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes ,Environmental Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Toxicology ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Environmental sciences ,Health sciences - Abstract
BackgroundGestational per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure may be associated with adiposity and increased risk of obesity among children and adolescents. However, results from epidemiological studies evaluating these associations are inconsistent.ObjectivesWe estimated the associations of pregnancy PFAS concentrations with child body mass index (BMI) z-scores and risk of overweight/obesity in eight U.S. cohorts.MethodsWe used data from 1,391 mother-child pairs who enrolled in eight Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) cohorts (enrolled: 1999-2019). We quantified concentrations of seven PFAS in maternal plasma or serum in pregnancy. We measured child weight and height between the ages of 2 and 5 y and calculated age- and sex-specific BMI z-scores; 19.6% children had more than one BMI measurement. We estimated covariate-adjusted associations of individual PFAS and their mixture with child BMI z-scores and risk of overweight/obesity using linear mixed models, modified Poisson regression models, and Bayesian approaches for mixtures. We explored whether child sex modified these associations.ResultsWe observed a pattern of subtle positive associations of PFAS concentrations in pregnancy with BMI z-scores and risk of overweight/obesity. For instance, each doubling in perfluorohexane sulfonic acid concentrations was associated with higher BMI z-scores (β=0.07; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.12). Each doubling in perfluroundecanoic acid [relative risk (RR)=1.10; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.16] and N-methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamido acetic acid (RR=1.06; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.12) was associated with increased risk of overweight/obesity, with some evidence of a monotonic dose-response relation. We observed weaker and more imprecise associations of the PFAS mixture with BMI or risk of overweight/obesity. Associations did not differ by child sex.DiscussionIn eight U.S.-based prospective cohorts, gestational exposure to higher levels of PFAS were associated with slightly higher childhood BMI z-score and risk of overweight or obesity. Future studies should examine associations of gestational exposure to PFAS with adiposity and related cardiometabolic consequences in older children. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11545.
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- 2023
4. Birth Outcomes in Relation to Prenatal Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Stress in the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program
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Padula, Amy M, Ning, Xuejuan, Bakre, Shivani, Barrett, Emily S, Bastain, Tracy, Bennett, Deborah H, Bloom, Michael S, Breton, Carrie V, Dunlop, Anne L, Eick, Stephanie M, Ferrara, Assiamira, Fleisch, Abby, Geiger, Sarah, Goin, Dana E, Kannan, Kurunthachalam, Karagas, Margaret R, Korrick, Susan, Meeker, John D, Morello-Frosch, Rachel, O’Connor, Thomas G, Oken, Emily, Robinson, Morgan, Romano, Megan E, Schantz, Susan L, Schmidt, Rebecca J, Starling, Anne P, Zhu, Yeyi, Hamra, Ghassan B, Woodruff, Tracey J, and Outcomes, the program collaborators for Environmental influences on Child Health
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Midwifery ,Health Sciences ,Pediatric ,Clinical Research ,2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment ,Aetiology ,Reproductive health and childbirth ,Pregnancy ,Female ,Humans ,Child ,Environmental Pollutants ,Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ,Cohort Studies ,Birth Weight ,Prospective Studies ,Bayes Theorem ,Fluorocarbons ,Alkanesulfonic Acids ,Outcome Assessment ,Health Care ,program collaborators for Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes ,Environmental Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Toxicology ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Environmental sciences ,Health sciences - Abstract
BackgroundPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent and ubiquitous chemicals associated with risk of adverse birth outcomes. Results of previous studies have been inconsistent. Associations between PFAS and birth outcomes may be affected by psychosocial stress.ObjectivesWe estimated risk of adverse birth outcomes in relation to prenatal PFAS concentrations and evaluate whether maternal stress modifies those relationships.MethodsWe included 3,339 participants from 11 prospective prenatal cohorts in the Environmental influences on the Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program to estimate the associations of five PFAS and birth outcomes. We stratified by perceived stress scale scores to examine effect modification and used Bayesian Weighted Sums to estimate mixtures of PFAS.ResultsWe observed reduced birth size with increased concentrations of all PFAS. For a 1-unit higher log-normalized exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), we observed lower birthweight-for-gestational-age z-scores of β=-0.15 [95% confidence interval (CI): -0.27, -0.03], β=-0.14 (95% CI: -0.28, -0.002), β=-0.22 (95% CI: -0.23, -0.10), β=-0.06 (95% CI: -0.18, 0.06), and β=-0.25 (95% CI: -0.37, -0.14), respectively. We observed a lower odds ratio (OR) for large-for-gestational-age: ORPFNA=0.56 (95% CI: 0.38, 0.83), ORPFDA=0.52 (95% CI: 0.35, 0.77). For a 1-unit increase in log-normalized concentration of summed PFAS, we observed a lower birthweight-for-gestational-age z-score [-0.28; 95% highest posterior density (HPD): -0.44, -0.14] and decreased odds of large-for-gestational-age (OR=0.49; 95% HPD: 0.29, 0.82). Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) explained the highest percentage (40%) of the summed effect in both models. Associations were not modified by maternal perceived stress.DiscussionOur large, multi-cohort study of PFAS and adverse birth outcomes found a negative association between prenatal PFAS and birthweight-for-gestational-age, and the associations were not different in groups with high vs. low perceived stress. This study can help inform policy to reduce exposures in the environment and humans. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10723.
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- 2023
5. Associations of Gestational Perfluoroalkyl Substances Exposure with Early Childhood BMI 풵-Scores and Risk of Overweight/Obesity: Results from the ECHO Cohorts.
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Yun Liu, Wosu, Adaeze C., Fleisch, Abby F., Dunlop, Anne L., Starling, Anne P., Ferrara, Assiamira, Dabelea, Dana, Oken, Emily, Buckley, Jessie P., Chatzi, Leda, Karagas, Margaret R., Romano, Megan E., Schantz, Susan, O'Connor, Thomas G., Woodruff, Tracey J., Yeyi Zhu, Hamra, Ghassan B., Braun, Joseph M., and Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes
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OBESITY risk factors ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,REGRESSION analysis ,FLUOROCARBONS ,SURVEYS ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,BODY mass index ,DATA analysis software ,ODDS ratio ,LONGITUDINAL method ,POISSON distribution - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Gestational per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure may be associated with adiposity and increased risk of obesity among children and adolescents. However, results from epidemiological studies evaluating these associations are inconsistent. OBJECTIVES: We estimated the associations of pregnancy PFAS concentrations with child body mass index (BMI) z-scores and risk of overweight/ obesity in eight U.S. cohorts. METHODS: We used data from 1,391 mother–child pairs who enrolled in eight Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) cohorts (enrolled: 1999–2019). We quantified concentrations of seven PFAS in maternal plasma or serum in pregnancy. We measured child weight and height between the ages of 2 and 5 y and calculated age- and sex-specific BMI 풵-scores; 19.6% children had more than one BMI measurement. We estimated covariate-adjusted associations of individual PFAS and their mixture with child BMI 풵-scores and risk of overweight/obesity using linear mixed models, modified Poisson regression models, and Bayesian approaches for mixtures. We explored whether child sex modified these associations. RESULTS: We observed a pattern of subtle positive associations of PFAS concentrations in pregnancy with BMI 풵-scores and risk of overweight/obesity. For instance, each doubling in perfluorohexane sulfonic acid concentrations was associated with higher BMI 풵-scores (β=0.07; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.12). Each doubling in perfluroundecanoic acid [relative risk (RR)=1.10; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.16] and 푁-methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamido acetic acid (RR=1.06; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.12) was associated with increased risk of overweight/obesity, with some evidence of a monotonic dose–response relation. We observed weaker and more imprecise associations of the PFAS mixture with BMI or risk of overweight/obesity. Associations did not differ by child sex. DISCUSSION: In eight U.S.-based prospective cohorts, gestational exposure to higher levels of PFAS were associated with slightly higher childhood BMI 풵-score and risk of overweight or obesity. Future studies should examine associations of gestational exposure to PFAS with adiposity and related cardiometabolic consequences in older children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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6. Retraction: 'a case-cohort study of cadmium body burden and gestational diabetes mellitus in American women'
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Romano, Megan E., Enquobahrie, Daniel A., Simpson, Christopher D., Checkoway, Harvey, and Environ, Michelle A. Williams
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Environmental issues ,Health - Abstract
This article is being retracted at the request of the authors because of inadvertent errors in the statistical code that resulted in the exclusion of 12 gestational diabetes mellitus cases [...]
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- 2017
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7. Maternal polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) exposure and thyroid hormones in maternal and cord sera: the HOME Study, Cincinnati, USA
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Vuong, Ann M., Webster, Glenys M., Romano, Megan E., Braun, Joseph M., Zoeller, R. Thomas, Hoofnagle, Andrew N., Sjodin, Andreas, Yolton, Kimberly, Lanphear, Bruce P., and Chen, Aimin
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Thyroxine -- Research -- Physiological aspects ,Pregnant women -- Health aspects -- Research ,Environmental issues ,Health - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) reduce blood concentrations of thyroid hormones in laboratory animals, but it is unclear whether PBDEs disrupt thyroid hormones in pregnant women or newborn infants. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the relationship between maternal PBDE levels and thyroid hormone concentrations in maternal and cord sera. Methods: we used data from the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study, a prospective birth cohort of 389 pregnant women in Cincinnati, Ohio, who were enrolled from 2003 through 2006 and delivered singleton infants. Maternal serum PBDE concentrations were measured at enrollment (16 ± 3 weeks of gestation). Thyroid hormone concentrations were measured in maternal serum at enrollment (n = 187) and in cord serum samples (n = 256). RESULTS: Median maternal serum concentrations of BDEs 28 and 47 were 1.0 and 19.1 ng/g lipid, respectively. A 10-fold increase in BDEs 28 and 47 concentrations was associated with a 0.85-µg/dL [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.05, 1.64] and 0.82-µg/dL (95% CI: 0.12, 1.51) increase in maternal total thyroxine concentrations ([TT.sub.4]), respectively. Both congeners were also positively associated with maternal free thyroxine ([FT.sub.4]). We also observed positive associations between BDE-47 and maternal total and free triiodothyronine ([TT.sub.4] and [FT.sub.3]). A 10-fold increase in BDE-28 was associated with elevated [FT.sub.3] concentrations (β = 0.14 µg/mL; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.26). In contrast, maternal PBDE levels were not associated with thyroid hormone concentrations in cord serum. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that maternal PBDE exposure, particularly BDEs 28 and 47, are associated with maternal concentrations of [T.sub.4] and [T.sub.3] during pregnancy. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408996, Introduction Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), synthetic flame retardants, have been used in the manufacture of consumer products, including furniture foam, carpet padding, and electronics. Because they are semivolatile and are [...]
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- 2015
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8. A case-cohort study of cadmium body burden and gestational diabetes mellitus in American women
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Romano, Megan E., Enquobahrie, Daniel A., Simpson, Christopher D., Checkoway, Harvey, and Williams, Michelle A.
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Cadmium -- Analysis -- Research ,Gestational diabetes -- Risk factors -- Care and treatment ,Mass spectrometry -- Analysis -- Usage ,Women -- Health aspects ,Environmental issues ,Health - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Environmental cadmium (Cd) exposure is associated with type 2 diabetes. However, the association of Cd and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is unknown. OBJECTIVES: We examined the association between body burden of Cd and GDM risk. METHODS: we used 140 GDM cases and 481 randomly selected noncase subcohort members from the Omega Study to conduct a case-cohort study. Creatinine (Cr)-corrected Cd in early pregnancy urine (U-Cd) was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Tertiles (< 0.29; 0.29-0.42; [greater than or equal to] 0.43 [micro]g/g Cr) were defined using the subcohort's U-Cd distribution. GDM was diagnosed using the 2004 American Diabetes Association guidelines. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression. RESULTS: GDM cases had higher geometric mean U-Cd (0.39 [micro]g/g Cr; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.41) than noncases (0.31 [micro]g/g Cr; 95% CI: 0.29, 0.33). Odds ratios for GDM increased with increasing U-Cd tertile (OR = 1.64; 95% CI: 0.88, 3.05 for middle vs. low tertile; OR = 2.07; 95% CI: 1.15, 3.73 for high vs. low tertile; p-trend = 0.015). Overweight/obesity (body mass index [greater than or equal to] 25 kg/[m.sup.2]) did not modify the association between U-Cd and GDM (p = 0.26). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that body burden of Cd increases risk of GDM in a dose-dependent manner. Improved understanding of environmental factors influencing GDM may facilitate early identification of women at high risk of GDM. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408282, Introduction Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a pregnancy-related glucose intolerance disorder, complicates up to 14% of pregnancies each year in the United States [American Diabetes Association (ADA) 2004]. GDM increases the [...]
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- 2015
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9. Retracted: A Case-Cohort Study of Cadmium Body Burden and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in American Women
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Romano, Megan E., primary, Enquobahrie, Daniel A., additional, Simpson, Christopher D., additional, Checkoway, Harvey, additional, and Williams, Michelle A., additional
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- 2015
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