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The fields of reproductive and developmental toxicology have found a great many examples of toxicant exposures causing adverse consequences that are expressed from one generation to the next. Lopez-Rodriguez et [...]

Childhood obesity and diabetes are major threats to public health in the United States and abroad. In the United States, the prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents has almost [...]

We have known for many decades that lead exposure in children causes long-lasting cognitive dysfunction (Byers and Lord 1943; McKhann 1932). A great number of basic and human health studies [...]

Interest in the toxicological aspects of oxidative stress has grown in recent years, and research has become increasingly focused on the mechanistic aspects of oxidative damage and cellular responses in biological systems. Toxic consequences of oxidative stress at the subcellular level include lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage to DNA and proteins. These effects are often used as end points in the study of oxidative stress. Typically, mammalian species have been used as models to study oxidative stress and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying cellular damage and response, largely because of the interest inhuman health issues surrounding oxidative stress. However, it is becoming apparent that oxidative stress also affects aquatic organisms exposed to environmental pollutants. Research in fish has demonstratedthat mammalian and piscine systems exhibit similar toxicological andadaptive responses to oxidative stress. This suggests that piscine models, in addition to traditional mammalian models, may be useful forfurther understanding the mechanisms underlying the oxidative stressresponse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]