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The discovery of entropy in thermodynamics has set fundamental premises for the study and analysis of the relationship between the entropy law and economic processes, as one of the main objectives of such endeavours was to separate the qualitative aspects from the realm of economics. The law we have chosen to focus on in the present paper states that, in the universe or in isolated structures, entropy increases constantly and irreversibly, thus causing a continuous and unidirectional degradation of free energy into unavailable energy. Undoubtedly, this degradation follows its natural course in economic processes or is the result of human interference. A comprehensive analysis of professional literature has allowed us to conclude that, towards the end of the 20th century, the law of entropy was believed to be the most economic of all natural laws and the basis of the economy of life on all levels, revealing the fact that everything is constantly changing, both in nature and in society as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate Social Responsibility activities bring organizations closer to the community they operate in, up to the level of making them a citizen of that community. Currently, companies invest in CSR all around the world, the phenomena being of great importance in any businesses activity. Most of the Romanian studies on the subject are performed at management level, targeting the perspective it has on the concept, the investment value they put into social activities and the general developing methods of such activities. The current paper proposes a study on the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility notoriety and consumers' attitude. Giving that, the leader of the Romanian oil industry has great experience in this area and that the company's most known campaign is "Tara lui Andrei/ Country of Andrew", the general objective of the research is to see the impact of Country of Andrew social responsibility campaign notoriety on the company's consumers' attitude. The secondary objectives are based on the relationship between notoriety and each dimension of attitude, cognition, affect and the conative aspect. The research was developed in Iasi city, on 120 respondents who use this company's products and tested their attitude with respect to spontaneous and assisted notoriety on both the company and the campaign - Country of Andrew. The main conclusion of the study is that the Romanian leader of the oil industry and Country of Andrew social campaign notoriety has a negative influence on consumers' attitude. Both hypotheses have been confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global energy demand is following a strong upward trend. As highlighted by the latest analyses the overall black coal resources are able to satisfy human needs for more than 200 years including the particular case of intensive exploitation. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA) renewable energy and natural gas resources have encouraging perspectives for further expansion. Even so coal will continue to cover almost a quarter of primary energy resources needs. The EU is currently developing an energy policy which covers all energy sources from fossil fuels, to nuclear and renewable energy. This paper analyses the circumstances in which Romania has revised in several stages its own energy strategy in order to reconsider the particular place of coal exploitation. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the most important economic issues which motivates (or not) the insertion of such resource within the national strategy. On the one hand we might take into consideration that Romanian coal deposits are located in complex geo-mining conditions, while mineralogical features which influence their quality are placed at the lower limit. On the other hand, from an economic and energy perspective, national resources of black coal are becoming marginal sources for the production of electricity. Therefore, excluding renewable energy sources, the lignite is the only domestic resource able to generate primary energy which might considerably support electricity supply for consumption for the next 20-40 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 6th action program of the EU, about the environmental policies, entitled "The 2010 Environment: Our Future, Our Choice", stimulates the developing of the EC environmental policies, finalizing and establishing clearly the objectives and interventions for the next decade, determining the activity which must be made in a period of 5-10 years. The new EU Program presents a series of thematic strategies that mainly aim to confront the persisting environment problems within the next seven years (atmospheric pollution, scrap recycling, soil protection, pesticides, urban and marine environments and resources) and also four other main domains (climate change, nature and diversity, environment, health and quality of life, natural resources and scrap). The objective of this paper is to analyze the way in which the EC allows access to financing instruments for the environmental policies for the period 2007-2013, varying with certain criteria (such as the size and density of each member state's population, the importance of certain communitarian surfaces etc). Taking into consideration that the financing and fiscal policies will have a decisive role in the next year, concerning the realization of the communitarian environmental policies' objectives, the authors have set to present and analyze these financing instruments, essential in maintaining this policy type's sustainability, but also in sending a clear signal to the investors and consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent legislation evolution on both a national and community level has modified considerably the frame of benefits and the opportunities for environmental financing. At the same time, the changes opened new possibilities of investing in reusable resources and in energetic efficient technologies. The objective of this work is to emphasize the role of the community funds and of the politics of financing, by illustrating the possibilities of public and private benefits that companies can take advantage of. Also, it is shown that the green economy is one of the few domains that have not been affected by the current world crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to several factors, the infringement of environmental regulations can be considered a simple contravention or a crime. The present approach aims to discuss the conditions for involving criminal responsibility according to the nature of environmental crimes. Our considerations related to serious noncompliance that harms the environment focus on pollution crimes and legal infringements, in relation to the personal characteristics of criminal law responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The central authority for environmental protection fulfils, by specialized organism, the attributions regarding the environment supervision, prevention and contravention penalty as well as the intimation of the legal authorities in case of offences committed in this domain as a result of the activities carried out by civilians or legal company representatives within the limits of our country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses some aspects concerning environmental issues considered from an economic perspective, since economic globalization as well as ecological globalization follows new ways of conditioning each other. In the past the most important thing was the impact of the environmental protection pressure - soil deterioration, water system, the atmosphere and the forests - upon economical perspectives. In the recent past years the society had to face the quick growth of the economical interdependency among nations, but also the environmental interdependency among them is being accelerated. Economy and environmental issues interfere more and more with each other - on a local, regional, national and global level - forming a network of cause and effect. The harsh cycles operate at a national and regional level. The deterioration in the arid areas make million of people go over the national borders. Some consideration on water resource scarcity and agriculture and environmental impacts are made from economic perspective. It was highlighted that economic premises and principles play a major role in the shaping of environmental policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of the protection of environmental factors it is noticed more and more obviously the attempt to create a special responsibility, specific for this branch of law, so-called "ecological responsibility". Until then, however, in case violations of environmental law norms are noticed, setting juridical responsibility, as a function of the character of violated norm, of the nature and the danger degree of the committed fact and of its consequences, will be done by resorting to the known forms of responsibility: civil, contravening, penal, disciplinary or material, according to case, to which special environmental responsibility is added [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental law is by excellence a preventive law. All the pollution accidents and especially their serious, sometime transfrontalier, consequences have convinced that preventing the damages caused to environment is much easier and less expensive then looking for a culprit and repairing the damage. The role of environmental law will therefore be prevailingly preventive. In European legislation there is a sum of elements characterized by similarity. The present paper refers to the most important of them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the theory of relations between economical branches, a variety of balance of connections between the branches (BLR) models is used, whose theoretical construction is based on a series of hypotheses according to the purpose of each model. In this paper models which make use of the natural units are applied in the analysis of fluxes between industrial branches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]