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Landslides can lead to catastrophic consequences, endanger human lives, and result in significant economic losses amounting to billions of dollars. Therefore, it is crucial to accurately map areas prone to landslides to minimize the risks associated with them. The current study produces the landslide susceptibility map (LSM) of the Merkez and Ovacık districts of Karabük province in the Western Black Sea Region of Türkiye using fuzzy inference system (FIS) and frequency ratio (FR) method. Landslides that cause loss of life and property occur frequently in the mentioned districts and therefore the districts have been exposed to landslide-induced disasters from past to present. In the susceptibility evaluations, the variables of lithology, slope, elevation, distance to fault lines, aspect, land-use and distance to the road were used as predisposing factors for landslides. The produced landslide susceptibility maps were determined as four classes, namely low, moderate, high and very high. In the final evaluation, when compared with the landslide inventory map, the natural breaks classification method was used to generate landslide susceptibility maps. It is observed that the fuzzy inference system method achieved an accuracy rate of 80.07% for the combination of very high and high susceptibility levels, while the frequency ratio method achieved an accuracy rate of 82.58%. According to the obtained results, it has been determined that the frequency ratio method yields more realistic results compared to the fuzzy inference system method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Countries whose industry constantly develops need to find different resources to those that they have been using so far to meet their energy needs. Among renewable energy resources, solar energy is being used highly prevalently due to its high potential, ease of use and environmentally friendly nature. In determining the installation locations of SPP, it is highly important to consider economic, environmental and social factors. In this study, it was focused to indicate areas inside the Karabük-Ovacık district suitable for SPP installation by using GIS and AHP. Although there are energy production plants in the province of Karabük and in some of its districts, there is no energy production facility in the study area of Ovacık. Moreover, it is emphasized Karabük Provincial Environmental Status report that a project for water heating with solar energy was planned for Ovacık for the purpose of reducing wood consumption. Thanks to this study, suitable SPP establishment areas were determined for the first-time in a location in Ovacık where clean energy is needed. According to the obtained results, it was determined that the Ovacık District had low, medium and high sensitivity properties for SPP construction, and the areas suitable for SPP construction providing medium and high sensitivity constituted 63.81% of the study area. While these areas suitable for SPP installation were distributing to almost everywhere in the Ovacık, mostly covering wide areas at the center and in the south and local areas in the northwest and northeast of the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]