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We establish a statistical two-body fractal (STF) model to study the spectrum of J / ψ . J / ψ serves as a reliable probe in heavy-ion collisions. The distribution of J / ψ in hadron gas is influenced by flow, quantum and strong interaction effects. Previous models have predominantly focused on one or two of these effects while neglecting the others, resulting in the inclusion of unconsidered effects in the fitted parameters. Here, we study the issue from a new point of view by analyzing the fact that all three effects induce a self-similarity structure, involving a J / ψ - π two-meson state and a J / ψ , π two-quark state, respectively. We introduce modification factor q T B S and q 2 into the probability and entropy of charmonium. q T B S denotes the modification of self-similarity on J / ψ , q 2 denotes that of self-similarity and strong interaction between c and c ¯ on quarks. By solving the probability and entropy equations, we derive the values of q T B S and q 2 at various collision energies and centralities. Substituting the value of q T B S into distribution function, we successfully obtain the transverse momentum spectrum of low- p T   J / ψ , which demonstrates good agreement with experimental data. The STF model can be employed to investigate other mesons and resonance states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a quantum algorithm for simulation of quantum field theory in the light-front formulation and demonstrate how existing quantum devices can be used to study the structure of bound states in relativistic nuclear physics. Specifically, we apply the Variational Quantum Eigensolver algorithm to find the ground state of the light-front Hamiltonian obtained within the Basis Light-Front Quantization (BLFQ) framework. The BLFQ formulation of quantum field theory allows one to readily import techniques developed for digital quantum simulation of quantum chemistry. This provides a method that can be scaled up to simulation of full, relativistic quantum field theories in the quantum advantage regime. As an illustration, we calculate the mass, mass radius, decay constant, electromagnetic form factor, and charge radius of the pion on the IBM Vigo chip. This is the first time that the light-front approach to quantum field theory has been used to enable simulation of a real physical system on a quantum computer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]