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This paper contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the research field of Indigenous Entrepreneurship (IE), by analysing previous literature and proposing relevant future research lines. IE has been considered in the literature as key for the development of indigenous communities and a promising emergent area of research, and it is time to make efforts to integrate existing knowledge and approaches in order to advance the field. By analysing 264 papers related to IE published up to December 2020, we found some relevant results. In conclusion, we mention the heterogeneity and fragmentation of the field, the specificity of sociocultural issues and context, the concentration of studies in some geographical areas, the relevance of the individual level of study, and the combination of economic and social objectives. In addition, future integration efforts that contribute to a better generalizability of the empirical results and to theory building are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing body of studies has investigated the geography of entrepreneurship in developed countries, with entrepreneurship researchers recently extending this topic to the developing country context. However, geography-oriented studies that consider extreme spatial differences in such contexts remain scarce. To address this gap, this paper provides a spatial-econometric analysis of the role of agglomeration economies and knowledge spillovers on start-up rates across cities in Turkey between 2009 and 2018 by considering extreme spatial differences, a common characteristic of many developing countries. By doing so, this paper determines whether the leading stylized facts that are empirically tested in developed countries hold for developing countries and analyses the extent to which extreme spatial differences matter to regional entrepreneurship performance. The spatial-econometric analysis also offers an evaluation of the mimicking effect, which examines how nearby cities influence each other in the new firm formation process. The econometric model reveals that while the entrepreneurial patterns of developed countries have some relevance to Turkey in general, the outcomes vary significantly between leading and lagging regions. This underscores the crucial importance of accounting for entrenched spatial disparities in developing countries when researching entrepreneurship and the need to identify suitable policy combinations for promoting local ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Special Issue of Entrepreneurship and Regional Development honours Distinguished Professor of Entrepreneurship Alistair Anderson's memory. This Special Issue offers a range of papers that engage with Alistair Anderson's work and extend it by taking a social science view to understanding entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates how the characteristics of the local system in which a firm is situated affect its geography – that is, the location of its business units. Using econometric techniques on a novel dataset of Italian business groups, we find that the geographic dispersion of multi-unit firms is influenced by a number of local factors, such as industry variety, production specialization, spatial density and infrastructure accessibility. In contrast, the geography of manufacturing groups seems to be affected only by production specialization. This paper contributes to the economic geography and entrepreneurship literature by showing that local factors affect the behaviour and organization of firms – in our case, the geographic dispersion of business units. We find that the geographic dispersion of firms decreases when the headquarters are situated in a local system that has a high level of industry variety and spatial density. At the same time, we observe geographic dispersion to be positively related to infrastructure accessibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practice of bricolage, predominantly regarded as a strategy for innovation and overcoming constraints in resource-scarce environments, has garnered increased scholarly attention in recent years. This paper aims to consolidate the fragmented field by conducting a literature review of bricolage-focused research, offering an integrated perspective based on prior contributions. This serves to conceptualize and advance theory building on the subject, while simultaneously pinpointing gaps in the literature and proposing a roadmap for future research. A systematic literature review of 126 articles was carried out, utilizing the Web of Science as the primary data source. The focus was on clarifying the concept and its subtypes and examining common themes in existing literature to establish a cohesive conceptualization of bricolage. The primary finding is the conceptualization of a multi-level framework encompassing the who-when-how-what dimensions of bricolage, which can serve as a foundation for future research. Furthermore, we consolidate and present bricolage subtypes while questioning their utility in research and practice. Additionally, we analyse research trends over time and summarize the ongoing practical and conceptual discourse aimed at distinguishing bricolage from related, overlapping concepts. Finally, we provide recommendations for future research, facilitating the continued growth of the bricolage field in a harmonious manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the literature on community enterprises (CEs), i.e. organizations that engage in commercial activity and operate for the development of a local community by bringing economic, social, and environmental benefits. In the face of widespread recognition of the positive role they play in impoverished territories, there is no general agreement on their very nature and the type of underlying entrepreneurship. Through a systematic review of CE literature, referred to the period 1990–2020, our paper aims to provide an extensive background of issues related to CEs, their specificities, the kind of entrepreneurship they rely on, their role in local development. In addition, we try to outline their liabilities and the main challenges they face, intending to delineate implications for future research on the issue. Beyond descriptive analytics, results highlight the main research topics of CEs, as well as multiple challenges that connect researchers and practitioners interested in the topic. Given the role of CEs in the regeneration of places and communities, our study also highlights the need for research to incorporate broader analytical perspectives that simultaneously examine both the barriers faced by CEs in these contexts and the factors that may sustain them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we introduce the special issue on entrepreneurship and embeddedness. We do so by providing a brief overview of existing research on the topic focused on three important conversations related to process, context and theoretical foundations. The overview highlights essential contributions from extant research and suggests that expansion and advancement in the research conversation can be accomplished by focusing on dynamic and multilayered conceptualizations of embeddedness and by broadening the theoretical foundations of our research. We also present and position the papers in the special issue within the conversations on process, context and theoretical foundations in entrepreneurship research on embeddedness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a phenomenological approach, we analyse the voices of entrepreneurs living in the peripheral ecosystems of Newcastle Upon Tyne (UK), Palermo (Italy) and Perth (Australia). These ecosystems are defined by the considerable physical distance between their geographical location and the location of a larger, more established 'core' ecosystem in their nation. The purpose of our paper is to examine how distance from the core is perceived to both enable and constrain entrepreneurship in peripheral contexts. We introduce 'distance from the core' as a significant hitherto unexplored theme to consider when exploring the lived experiences of entrepreneurs in peripheral contexts. Empirically, we present data that affirms and expands extant findings revealing how entrepreneurs rooted in peripheral contexts react to the structural conditions around them. Methodologically, we demonstrate the value of phenomenological research in revealing the subjective ways entrepreneurial agency, structure and distance intersect. We highlight that policymakers must take the voices of entrepreneurs in a peripheral ecosystem into account when designing and implementing enterprise policies that aim to develop entrepreneurship in peripheral contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we explore the micro-interactions through which a regenerative enterprise engages with proximate natural ecosystems in its attempt to repair and protect them. Through an ethnographic study of a regenerative farming enterprise in rural Southern Patagonia - Fundo Panguilemu - we discover a reciprocal relationship between the enterprise and animals, central to their regenerative efforts. This relationship is formed and actively maintained by the founders through three practices – joint rewilding, ambivalent relationality, and task interdependence. We leverage nature relatedness to conceptualize the relationship between these practices as human-animal mutualism in regenerative work. We advance regenerative entrepreneurship research by revealing novel human-nature interactions formed and fostered by a rural enterprise in the pursuit of local regeneration and expand our understanding of micro-level phenomena in rural entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the influence of overconfidence and misjudgement of merit on the decision to enter a winner-take-all market. Through a lab-in-the-field experiment conducted in Panama's dynamic and diverse entrepreneurial ecosystem, the study addresses a research gap by exploring the interplay between overconfidence, institutional factors, and entrepreneurial activities. The findings confirm the role of overconfidence as a determinant of market entry and reveal that overconfidence primarily empowers individuals already embedded in entrepreneurial net- works, regardless of their destructiveness. These results suggest that in the presence of weak institutions, overconfidence does not promote entrepreneurship but rather motivates those with pre-existing entrepreneurial networks to open new ventures. However, this situation has the potential to exacerbate inequalities, especially if these ventures make only marginal contributions to overall social output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a distinct type of early-stage entrepreneurial support organization, start-up accelerators are theoretically well positioned as a new and burgeoning phenomenon for fostering the process of new venture creation. The rapid expansion and notoriety of these intermediaries combined with a growing list of well-known high growth companies emerging from their programs hints at their potential impact. Yet, the question of whether accelerators work (or not) and to what effect is still at a formative stage. The objective of this paper is to conduct a structured review of what accelerators 'do' and how scholars have chosen to measure performance across various research designs, change variables and multiple levels of analysis. Drawing from program evaluation theory, an integrated entrepreneurial logic model is used to capture and sort variables associated with measuring start up accelerator performance between 2011 and 2021. We make several contributions through our analysis of research designs, linked change variables and thematic areas to provide insight into the advances, gaps, limitations and tensions arising from extant scholarly attempts at SA performance measurement. The developmental impact of SA programs is discussed with methodological, theoretical, and practical implications for documenting progress and future research pathways charted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigates the resilience of micro-businesses (MBs) to natural disasters by exploring the impact of two levels of resilience, namely organizational resilience and entrepreneur psychological resilience, on perceived post-disaster business performance (PPDBP). As MBs tend to be entrepreneur-centric, entrepreneur psychological resilience (EPR) can play an important role, interconnected with that of organizational resilience (OR). However, in the extant literature the debate is still open on how OR and EPR relate. We verified a structural model with the aid of Upper Echelons and Imprinting theories, applying a covariance-based technique on data collected through a survey administered to a sample of 213 MBs hit by the 2012 Earthquake in Emilia (Italy). Results revealed that perceived post-disaster business performance is driven by entrepreneur psychological resilience with a mediating role for organizational resilience, in three main areas: robustness, agility and integrity. The study contributes to the literature on resilience and MBs by providing empirical evidence and practical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is emergent literature that converges from neuroscience and entrepreneurship research, but the definitions and interlinkages are still inconsistent. We conduct a systematic literature review of 167 papers on the interface between neuroscience and entrepreneurship to address this. We observe the literature trends examining the interlinkages between neuroscience and entrepreneurial intention through six antecedents, namely - molecular neuroscience, systems neuroscience, behavioral neuroscience, cognitive neuroscience, social neuroscience, and computational neuroscience. Our findings suggest that entrepreneurial intention impacts entrepreneurial activity through five factors, including (1) opportunity recognition, (2) evaluation and risk-taking, (3) entrepreneurial cognition, (4) entrepreneurial behavior, and (5) entrepreneurial decision-making. From our discussions, the links among the neural factors affecting entrepreneurship are identified, and a research agenda highlighting a pathway for future studies is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative, longitudinal study of 12 innovative young New Zealand ventures investigates how individual entrepreneurs develop their venture opportunity amidst emerging rivalry. Two phases are identified: the pursuit of the initial opportunity, and developing it under rivalry. Adopting a sensemaking perspective and a social understanding of rivalry, we explain how entrepreneurs' backgrounds impact opportunity confidence and the construction of rivalry, and reveal three main pathways whereby entrepreneurs develop their venture. First, entrepreneurs with neither start-up experience nor industry knowledge construct rivalry as threatening and narrow their network as opportunity confidence declines. Second, entrepreneurs with industry knowledge construct emerging rivalry as a challenge and strengthen within-industry ties to meet it. Third, entrepreneurs with serial start-up experience remain unfazed by rivalry and may abandon existing networks in favour for new networks. Comparing pathways, the paper makes two main contributions. First, it illustrates a link between entrepreneurs' backgrounds and the construction of rivalry. This construction impacts opportunity confidence. Second, the paper suggests that such changes in opportunity confidence guide decisions about how to embed the venture into social context. Overall, the paper contributes to our understanding of the mechanisms whereby entrepreneurial backgrounds influence developing venture opportunities in competitive settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper engages with the concepts of 'populism' and 'activism' in entrepreneurial storytelling in order to explain how entrepreneurship may be both an individual and a collective endeavour. Through a case study of a moose park, we show how entrepreneurs move back and forth between individualism and collectivism with what seems to be little forethought. Our findings suggest that populism and activism function as a duality that essentially serves two purposes: populism reinforces the entrepreneur stereotype, highlighting the individual entrepreneur's business venture; whilst activism challenges stereotypes, initiating new meaning, and social and ecological value change. Embeddedness appears a necessary condition for both these processes – the social connections in context affect the possibilities to initiate change, whether individualist or collectivist. Thus, we contribute to entrepreneurship as practice by showing how storytelling both strengthens and changes social context; and how storytelling alters depending on the social context, and the different forms of embeddedness in it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to extend the theoretical foundations of entrepreneurship education by integrating several of the most relevant lessons from Anderson's contribution into current conceptualizations. We identify three main dimensions of Anderson's work useful for our purpose: conceptualization of entrepreneurship; network and social capital as mechanisms to explain entrepreneurship as a socially embedded phenomenon; and epistemological and methodological reflection. These dimensions enrich the debate on the strategic dimensions targeting, connecting and reflecting suggested to advance the field of entrepreneurship education. We highlight important implications that help us reflect on the value of entrepreneurship education by emphasizing the role of the social dimension in teaching entrepreneurship, the importance of understanding entrepreneurship as a complex phenomenon to identify goals and more specifically tailor pedagogy, and the need to question methods of inquiry as the field evolves and expands its area of investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, in an act of transmutation or world-making, replaces a workshop that was envisioned between one of the authors and Alistair Anderson. It takes the form of a dialog with one of his main co-authors to retrospectively and analytically explore the collective work of Alistair on 'embeddedness'. We find that Alistair initiated a scholarly community of practice on a socialized view of entrepreneurship ('entrepreneuring'), the essence of which can be captured through the notion of embeddedness. We describe the emergence of this community, its key production phases, and highlight the main features and insights of its approach, which was never theorized as such. The article also presents possible theoretical extensions of this research by opening several research doors for future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores how institutional contexts and digital technologies influence women's digital entrepreneurship and emancipation potential in the conflict-laden, Arab country-specific context of Palestine. Drawing on insights from Institutional Theory and emancipation literature, we capitalize on in-depth, semi-structured online interviews with Palestinian women entrepreneurs. Accordingly, we present empirical evidence demonstrating that while digital technologies enabled Palestinian women to launch their enterprises, the unsupportive institutional contexts confined them to home-based, feminine enterprises and subjected them to a toll of additional challenges, health issues and hostility. Our findings challenge the claim that digital entrepreneurship emancipates women by showcasing the context-specific nature of emancipation. This paper advances entrepreneurship research by demonstrating how Arab women's digital entrepreneurship unfolds at the intersection between emancipatory enablers and unique, conflict-laden regulatory, normative, and cultural-cognitive institutional pillars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aesthetics is quintessential for entrepreneurial practice and theory. Specifically, we argue that aesthetics provides a more sophisticated understanding of the embeddedness of cultural and artistic entrepreneurship (CAE). This paper is based on an aesthetic ethnography of entrepreneurial organizations in the music sector in Brazil. Our findings generate a conceptualization of aesthetic embeddedness, explaining how CAE is embedded in culture through three practices (crossing, syncretic and valuing). Crossing practices are aesthetic contagions that generate exchange. Syncretic practices are harmonizations between different elements that create coexistences during aesthetic product creation. Valuing practices are aesthetic negotiations that occur between entrepreneurs and stakeholders. As an outcome of the three practices, we discuss how aesthetic knowledge deriving from aesthetic embeddedness can be mobilized as aesthetic capital, value and innovation in entrepreneurial practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forced displacement drastically changes the nature of refugees' connection to their home countries and requires them to build new ties to their host countries. While refugees undergo the dynamic transformation of their embeddedness after arriving in host countries, previous studies on refugee entrepreneurship have not sufficiently examined the dynamic and procedural nature of refugees' embeddedness and its influence on their entrepreneurial activities. This study seeks to understand how the process of embedding influences refugees' resource mobilization in their entrepreneurial activities. Based on 20 interviews with refugee entrepreneurs in Germany, this study revealed that forced detachment from home-country contexts led to a loss of certain resources while simultaneously creating opportunities for refugees to develop resources by building new connections. This study challenges the conventional structural deterministic approach of mixed embeddedness and theorizes disembedding and re-embedding processes of refugee entrepreneurs. The findings suggest that these processes require a cognitive process on the part of entrepreneurial agents to become aware of a loss of resources and to reinterpret the value of their resources. Furthermore, this paper discusses how these processes constrain and enable refugees' access to resources. The findings offer implications for policymakers of refugee-hosting countries and refugee support organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Responding to calls for research that stresses the importance of embeddedness in entrepreneurship research, this paper examines the relationship between the spatial context and the social embeddedness in shaping and influencing women's entrepreneurial behaviour. A particular focus is placed on gender norms, through exploring how embeddedness is gendered and that the gender norms of the context in which women entrepreneurs are and were located can constrain and/or enable their entrepreneurial actions. Furthermore, knowledge about different spatial contexts means that women can orient themselves to different gender norms and entrepreneurial behaviours. This study draws on 27 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with Saudi women entrepreneurs operating businesses within or beyond conservative, patriarchal contexts which feature different gender norms (enforced or relaxed). The findings show that when remaining within or moving between contexts, individuals have the potential to embed themselves to very different extents – through processes of over-embedding, reduce-embedding and re-mbedding – reflecting the options available for entrepreneurial action-taking and access to resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies on the determinants of entrepreneurship have shown that later-born children are more likely to become entrepreneurs. However, research has not addressed the questions of how birth order influences entrepreneurship. Based on the Chinese context, we propose two competing hypotheses to explore the potential mechanisms (risk taking vs. educational attainment) that explain the effect of birth order on entrepreneurship. We further argue that the effect of birth order on entrepreneurship is moderated by birth spacing and family financial status. Using data from the 2008 and 2013 Chinese Household Income Project, we find that in the case of China the impacts of birth order on two types of entrepreneurship (i.e. solo entrepreneurship and employer entrepreneurship) are overall positive, which implies that the risk-taking mechanism is more dominant than the educational attainment mechanism. Birth order shows a more pronounced impact for solo entrepreneurship but a weak impact for employer entrepreneurship. We also find that the positive birth-order effect on entrepreneurship is more evident in families with low financial status. Overall, this paper casts light on how birth order shapes the propensity for entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the qualitative analysis of 81 semi-structured interviews of academics from the STEM fields, working in UK, Australia, and Italy, we support and challenge the previous literature on academic entrepreneurship. On the one hand, our research supports previous studies which suggest that some academics find compatibility between their academic roles and forms of science commercialization and knowledge transfer. The findings suggest that such an alignment of roles takes place in contexts (disciplinary, proximal) which stimulate and support academic entrepreneurship. At the same time, we argue against of the idea of fusion of academic-entrepreneur role identity and we suggest whilst the two roles may coexist, they are separate, as the academic identity remains the central salient identity. Continuity of core academic values is linked to 'supranational' factors such as norms and values of the academic profession and of disciplinary fields, which influence perceptions of alignment or misalignment with various activities, including the entrepreneurial one. We offer a redefinition of academic entrepreneurship through the lens of social entrepreneurship which could constitute the bridge between two worlds which are typically considered difficult to connect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies have indicated that innovation-driven entrepreneurship is far more beneficial than traditional entrepreneurship in emerging economies. However, how to propel this type of entrepreneurship remains somewhat unclear. Thus, this study applied social cognitive theory to reveal how engaging communities of inquiry stimulate innovation-driven entrepreneurship in emerging economies. A hierarchical regression analysis on a sample of 207 Chinese entrepreneurs revealed that open community engagement predicts active innovation-driven entrepreneurship, whereas more focused community engagement hinders it. Both relationships are weakened when the entrepreneurial environment is seen as more munificent. The findings advance the entrepreneurship literature by adding understanding of the two kinds of community engagement and explicating their effects on innovation-driven entrepreneurship from the social interaction point of view. That constitutes practical guidance for entrepreneurs, and a basis for governments seeking to encourage innovation-driven entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How does the grand challenge of refugees influence nascent entrepreneurs in host countries? To explore this question, we build on social identity theory and analyse how the 2015 European refugee event is related to the strength of different founder social identities (i.e. Darwinian, Communitarian, and Missionary founder social identities) of nascent entrepreneurs in the countries accommodating the refugees. Using a dataset of 6,096 nascent entrepreneurs from 24 European countries, we reveal a positive relationship between the refugee event and the strength of the Communitarian founder social identity. This relationship is even stronger when the previous percentage of foreign migrants in a country is lower and is mediated by the human health and social work industry. Interestingly, we do not find significant relationships between the refugee event and the strengths of the Darwinian or Missionary founder social identity, respectively. Hence, refugees as a grand challenge are likely to have divergent influences on different types of entrepreneurship in society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research uses hierarchical linear modelling to test the KSTE in a developing-country context. By trying this theory on a different setting as is usually studied, we attempt to identify boundary conditions, expanding this theory's understanding. Results show the low effectiveness of this theory in a developing economy, suggesting that additional dimensions are needed to understand it completely. In reviewing the high-tech sector (the only sector in which we found evidence that the KSTE mechanisms apply), our data shows the importance of diversity for technological innovation and thus for firms born out of spillovers. Finally, we find that easiness to start a business interacts with human capital into forming high-tech new firms. Under a more bureaucratic system, high-knowledge human capital will have fewer incentives to switch from employment to self-employment and start a venture. By dealing with the specificities of developing economies when dealing with the KSTE, policymakers can avoid applying police recipes coming from findings related only to developed economies that cannot fit with the characteristics of these countries. In this context, this phenomenon is not particularly relevant for fostering new ventures, joining on the call of avoiding standardized strategies to build efficient entrepreneurial ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How can cryptocurrency gain legitimacy in the eyes of users? Drawing upon the theories of institutional uncertainty and legitimacy, we propose a process model in which legitimacy for cryptocurrencies acquired at the market level via rhetorical strategies (i.e. evasive action) will reduce uncertainty in the formal institutional environment. This reduction in institutional uncertainty will beget additional legitimacy, and thus higher performance for individual crypto firms, on average. This study (1) advances institutional entrepreneurship research by investigating the legitimation process of cryptocurrency; (2) extends our understanding of the evolution of an innovation and its diffusion under institutional uncertainty; (3) contributes to the development of institutional theory by elucidating how cryptocurrencies can change existing institutions, and even create new ones, through evasive entrepreneurship; and (4) provides an overall theoretical rationale for how cryptocurrency can become more widely accepted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The positive evaluation by society of entrepreneurs as a social group is hugely important because it determines that group's legitimacy. However, researchers have tended to neglect the role of society in social evaluations and also that constructing them is a multilevel process. This knowledge gap has prompted us to investigate how entrepreneurs are perceived and evaluated (1) from the societal perspective, (2) from the entrepreneurs' own perspective on entrepreneurial identity, and (3) from the entrepreneurs' perspective on society's views on them. We contribute to the literature by proposing a model that connects entrepreneur identities and the social evaluations of entrepreneurs. The multilevel and cross-level analysis of the evaluations of entrepreneurs linked to the individual and social entrepreneur identities reveal inconsistencies and potential trade-offs. We base this analysis primarily on a sorting study of visual representations of entrepreneurs published in the media. Although the entrepreneurs perceive the entrepreneurial identity more positively and seriously than society in general, they do not construct visual representations to convey this positive identity to the public. Finally, the results underscore the usefulness of visual analyses in revealing stereotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study represents a tribute to Professor Alistair Anderson's contributions to female entrepreneurship research. Although female entrepreneurship was only one research line in Professor Anderson's extensive academic career, his contributions are embedded in the most contemporary discussion about the most vulnerable female entrepreneurs. Inspired by Professor Anderson's research on the influence of entrepreneurship on the empowerment and emancipation of female entrepreneurs in the Global South countries, our study provides empirical evidence about how entrepreneurship affects women's empowerment and emancipation compared with other occupational choices (e.g. full-time employees and homemakers). Our study includes provocative implications/discussion about gender dynamics, and the most vulnerable women enrolled in entrepreneurial activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Informed by contributions of Professor Alistair Anderson to the social perspective of entrepreneurship, rooted in social relationships and social capital, this article examines how members of an online community collectively interpret and negotiate the challenges of pursuing entrepreneurship alongside parenthood. This article adopts a multi-staged research design, incorporating netnography, participant observation, and qualitative semi-structured interviews. The analysis reveals the critical role of networking in how entrepreneuring women construct and maintain community connections and distinguishes between three dimensions of community engagement: Building, Being and Belonging. Drawing on communities of practice as an analytical lens, we offer new insights into the form and function of communal entrepreneurial practices facilitated by the digital environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research note, we further Alistair R. Anderson's argument that an atomized view of entrepreneurship as an economic function provides limited understanding of what it is to actually do entrepreneurship. We take the stance that entrepreneurship, as a process, is born of social context. What it is to be and what it is to do entrepreneurship is informed directly by the images of entrepreneurship accepted in society. To better understand the implications of this, we access the ways in which entrepreneurship is imagined in three ostensibly similar country settings: UK, Italy and Finland. We analyse the social discourses surrounding the concept from a sample of enterprise students across the three areas. Importantly, these participants are not entrepreneurs in their own right, but are considered interested stakeholders, in that the meaning they ascribe to entrepreneurship will partly inform their future approaches to it. We contrast data from 15 semi-structured interviews with policy commentary and measurable outcomes and find nuanced differences in how entrepreneurship is perceived and enacted. The implications of our findings encourage a more holistic approach to the study of entrepreneurship, avoiding the self-affirming dogma of the purely economic or purely constructionist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study considers the differentiated ways in which entrepreneurs may embed themselves within place to better understand the nature of embeddedness and the processes behind both intended and unintended entrepreneurial outcomes. Whilst research has long shown that embeddedness can enable and/or constrain entrepreneurial activities, the microlevel processes behind such activities are often unacknowledged, lacking details of how, why and when embedded social values relate and integrate with enterprise in various places, thus advancing a somewhat static, one-dimensional conceptual understanding. This study attempts to broaden the understanding of embeddedness by engaging in context-sensitive theorizing from the findings of a qualitative case study in Great Yarmouth, a depleted town on the coast of East Anglia, England. Through introducing the notion of 'adopting place', we delve deeper into what it means to be spatially (dis)embedded, how this reflects a much more complex and dynamic understanding of embeddedness, and how such embeddedness can instigate change and regional development (or lack thereof), progressing a reconceptualization of place itself [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurship is widely argued to be an important solution to poverty. While there is a growing volume of work on poverty and entrepreneurial action in developing nations, empirical work in developed countries is more scarce. Drawing on the entrepreneurial intentions and motivations literature together with personal values theory, we explore changes in the economic status and job status of 83 individuals from low-income contexts in Spain. Based on a series of multiple correspondence analysis and cluster analyses of data collected in two periods in time, three profiles of entrepreneurial intentions, motivations, and personal values associated with pathways into and out of poverty through entrepreneurship are identified. Implications are drawn for theory, practice and public policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conduct a comprehensive review of embeddedness in entrepreneurship research. Although the term "embeddedness" is frequently used in this field of study, less is known about the ways in which it is operationalized and applied. Using criterion sampling, we analyse 198 articles in order to investigate how embeddedness is conceptualized and what role it plays in the extant entrepreneurship literature. We categorize our findings based on different phases of the entrepreneurial process (early, mature and exit) and outline the dominant focus and the main conceptualization of embeddedness for each phase. We highlight important learnings for each of the three phases and identify potential areas for conceptual development. Across the phases, we find that embeddedness and context are often used interchangeably. We thus call for construct clarity in the field. In the existing literature, entrepreneurs are generally portrayed as reactive to embeddedness, resulting in a loss of entrepreneurial agency. To remedy this, we introduce the term agencement, which takes into account the relationship between the entrepreneurship and embeddedness. Further, entrepreneurs are found to be embedded in multiple contexts at the same time, and embeddedness can be understood at different levels and to different degrees. To address this complexity, it is relevant to focus on the embedding process itself, acknowledging that it takes place in social interactions including cultural, cognitive, and emotional aspects between contexts and across levels. While the extant literature supports the notion that embeddedness is important for understanding entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs, it does not necessarily support our understanding of how embeddedness takes form or why it takes certain forms. We therefore include a call for future research to turn to process and practice theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurs' use of linguistic practices, such as storytelling, in building legitimacy with customers and others is well documented. Yet, not all entrepreneurs may equally use or benefit from such practices in their legitimacy-building efforts. For those with stigmatized social identities, like disability, embodied properties and practices of non-linguistic, more visual kind, may be salient despite being under-explored in the entrepreneurial legitimacy studies. To address this knowledge gap, this article examines how disabled entrepreneurs gain legitimacy with customers and, more specifically, how impairment visibility shapes their capacity to do so. Drawing primarily on in-depth interviews with UK-based entrepreneurs, the article extends Suchman's work by reconceptualizing his legitimacy-building strategies considering impairment visibility. It is argued that impairment visibility can both enable and constrain legitimacy depending on the product offering and the target market. Disabled entrepreneurs are found to adopt four embodied legitimacy-building strategies in the marketplace, each with specific implications for their micro-level interactions with customers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a re-positioning of entrepreneurship towards the sustaining, the frugal, the local, and the everyday. This poses challenges for peripheral policy work, especially around growth, at sectoral and regional levels. Through collaborative workshops with engaged craft brewing stakeholders, this study generated deep new insights into how diverse forms of value can come to be created, shared, stewarded, invested in, grown, given away, and held as a collective resource, in order to both sustain community, and build sectoral growth. As such, we highlight novel entrepreneurial practices and capitals which, taken together, can respond both to critical chorus demands for an urgent repositioning towards frugal sustaining folk enterprise, and yet also retain a strong sense of peripheral socio-economic progress implied by the growth agenda, and its policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurial resource construction through bricolage is an underappreciated element in a growing body of entrepreneurship and organization studies examining bricolage as an organizational strategy under conditions of resource scarcity. Drawing on in-depth ethnographic data, this study of the Danish island Samsø's successful transition to renewable energy argues for a richer understanding and a more positive appraisal of entrepreneurial bricolage as a multifaceted strategy for change on the community level. By demonstrating the constructed nature of the resource environments identified on Samsø, the article argues that bricolage, rather than revolving around the combination of already available resources to create new entrepreneurial ventures, is a process involving the construction of resources to achieve change. An in-depth understanding of this process of resource construction is especially relevant in the context of local sustainable energy transitions, as bricolage, in this context, can enable the community to work towards a shared goal without accepting the constraints of the resource-scarce local environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurship research views context as central to understanding entrepreneurship as a fluid social construction. Our study answers recent call to focus on a diversity of organizational forms to deepen theorizing and to broaden the domain of what is considered entrepreneurship. Worker cooperatives are a type of social enterprise under exposed in the entrepreneurship literature. Thus, we investigate how context impacts collective social entrepreneurial processes over time by exploring how worker cooperative entrepreneurs view their contexts and their own entrepreneurial initiatives' purposes. We introduce the term 'participative social entrepreneurship', which we define as 'democratic and collaborative action, amongst both similar and diverse actors to foster positive societal change'. Findings based on a longitudinal study of worker cooperative entrepreneurs from two European territories over 2011-2020 highlight the relevance of context and purpose interplay in shaping worker cooperative entrepreneurs' perceptions and so, the construction of participative social entrepreneurship. The study reveals that while, in theory, the worker cooperative form has a prosocial purpose naturally embedded in its democratic governance structure, social entrepreneurship in action does not always translate into voices that contest the status quo and highlights the necessity of paying attention to the factors that make participative social entrepreneurship dynamic and real. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We advance understanding of how competition from informal entrepreneurial firms influences the performance of small formal (registered) firms. We also investigate the role of tax and law related institutions in shaping differently the performance outcomes of the competition between informal and formal firms. Empirical evidence from the analysis of 11,988 observations in 110 emerging countries indicates that, on average, informal firms affect adversely the performance of small formal firms. These negative effects however are stronger in institutional environments with burdensome courts of law but tend to be weaker in environments with burdensome tax regulations. Our analysis extends the rational exit perspective of informality and shows how competition from informal firms affects the performance of small formal firms. It also specifies how contingencies associated with law- and tax-specific institutions across emerging countries influence this relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]