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• Plastic behavior of foam-filled negative Poisson's ratio beam is studied by numerical and theoretical methods. • Considering the effect of the metal foam, the yield criterion of the foam-filled negative Poisson's ratio structure is established. • Based on the yield criterion, the analytical model of plastic behavior of the clamped foam-filled negative Poisson's ratio beam under lateral loading is established. • Analytical results are in good agreement with numerical ones. In this paper, the plastic behavior of foam-filled negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) beams is studied by numerical and theoretical methods. The yield criterion of foam-filled NPR structure is established. On this basis, the plastic behavior of the clamped foam-filled NPR beam under lateral loading is developed considering the interaction between axial force and moment. To make sure the correctness of the theoretical model, the finite element simulation of foam-filled NPR beam is conducted, and the consistency of the results of theoretical analysis and numerical calculation is good. Finally, the effects of material and geometrical parameters, loading location and punch width about the load-bearing capability and energy-absorbing capability of the foam-filled NPR beam are considered by the theoretical model. The result shows that with increasing foam strength, the angular size of the structure, wall thickness and punch width, the load-bearing capability and energy-absorbing capability of foam-filled NPR beams also improve. In addition, when the loading location is nearer to the clamped end, the load and energy absorption is higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]