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Steam traps are critical to energy efficiency in many industrial facilities. The types of steam traps, their uses, and application problems (such as installation, sizing, material compatibility, working conditions) have been explained in this study. The most common causes of steam trap problems and methods for maintenance and repair are explained in detail. Steam leakage measurements in an industrial plant were used to demonstrate the economic significance of steam traps. Based on the analyses, the one-year energy loss cost for the plant with 105 steam traps was determined to be $561,384, and was reduced to $93,287 after the maintenance period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, for sugar mills has been considered the energy and exergy analysis method. Calculation of the energy and exergy values are very important for sugar factories. The methods and equations for energy and exergy analysis of sugar factories is presented. Energy and exergy analysis in sugar production processes are very important for business profitability. For the profitability of enterprises, to maximum saving in energy must be achieved and minimization of exergy losses is needed. This is possible with the usage of right energy and exergy analysis methods and equations. The energy and exergy analysis methods and equations which will be an example and will form a model, are presented for all sugar factories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The competence around the elevator marjet place has resulted in diminish of the concept of energy efficiency only to energy consumption on running. As a result, conventional hydraulic elevators are ranked in the lowest category. In fact, the energy efficiency includes energy equivalence of service and maintenance costs beside energy consumption on running and idle conditions for the elevators. The design of the hydraulic elevators is an important factor affecting energy consumption. Keeping the oil temperature under control is one of the essential factors which improves energy saving, running performance and service life. Counter-weighing on hydraulic elevator systems haven't used widely so far, but its usage increases by changing face of market strategies in order to decrease energy consumption. Thermal-equilibrium temperature and energy consumption can be significantly reduced by means of counter-weighing especially for intensively used elevators. In this paper, the effects of the designs considering thermal equilibrium temperature and counter-weighting on energy efficiency are investigated for the elevators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]