Search

As a result of exorbitant electricity bills, high cost of obtaining liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and kerosene or paraffin oil, it has become necessary to develop a modular briquette stove as an alternative source of heating food in rural and urban households, restaurants and other business operations and facilities. This study is aimed at the construction of a modular cookstove for small and medium scale use, electricity generation, the designed stove is specifically developed to be fueled by briquettes produced from water hyacinth (WH). Improvement has been made in the development of the biomass stove to counter previous designs and specifically address the problem of pollution. The major improvements of the biomass stove design are the following: The provision of insulation around the combustion chamber to reduce heat loss through the walls of the chamber; incorporation of smoke rings on the top surface of the stove; provision of adjustable and variable air intake to ensure adequate air for complete combustion of hyacinth briquettes. The performance of the developed stove was evaluated and the results showed that the WH briquette stove has an average thermal efficiency of 70.51%. This indicates a better performance compared to the average thermal efficiency value reported in the literature. The briquette stove is designed with a standard chimney to transport carbon and reduce smoking. In conclusion, the commercial production of the developed product in volume will generate a stream of income and also help to engage young people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, CaO-rich briquette coke was prepared by carbonizing the cold pressing briquette composed of powdered char, CaO, and binders. The influences of binder type, binder content in briquette, the CaO/char ratio, and carbonization condition on compressive strength, resistivity, and porosity of the briquette were investigated. Subsequently, the optimum preparation conditions for producing CaO-rich briquetting coke were determined. The obtained results can promote development and optimization of in-situ production of calcium carbide and acetylene from CaO-rich briquetting coke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CO2 storage in deep coal seams is one of the safe methods to mitigate the effects of greenhouse. In the present work, experiments of supercritical CO2 adsorption were performed at 35℃, 45℃, and 55℃ on briquettes, the porosity of which can be controlled. Curves of CO2 adsorption increased at three rates at pressures ranging from 8 to 13 MPa, and the adsorption decreased linearly with the increase of temperatures from 35℃ to 55℃. The adsorption of supercritical CO2 was fitted best with Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller model compared with the Langmuir model and Dubinin− Radushkevich model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physical properties of the charcoal briquettes prepared from biomass waste are usually poor. In the paper, an alternative approach to the charcoal briquette preparation from the densified biomass briquette by carbonization was addressed. The carbonization process of the biomass briquettes prepared from cotton stalk (CS), wood sawdust (WS) and their blends was performed in a fixed bed at 400~600°C. The variation in the mass and volume of the biomass briquettes before and after the carbonization process and the physical properties of the resulted charcoal briquettes were investigated. The results indicate that the physical properties of the charcoal briquettes including bulk density and compression strength decreased firstly and then increased as the temperature increased. CS charcoal briquettes with better physical properties showed more volume shrinkage than WS charcoal briquettes after the carbonization process. However, the physical properties of the charcoal briquettes from the blends were poorer than expected due to the co-pyrolysis characteristics of CS and WS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Densification of loose biomass improves its properties for use as fuels. To design efficient briquetting equipment, there is a need to study properties of briquettes under different conditions. In this study, the effects of process variables (pressure, temperature, and hold time) and a material variable (particle size) on the density of corn cob briquettes were investigated. It was discovered that increasing the pressure, temperature, and particle size had positive effects on the density of biomass briquettes. The density of biomass briquettes produced using the selected values of pressure (9, 12, and 15 MPa), temperature (90°C and 120°C), hold time (7.5 and 15 min), and particle size (<2.5 mm and >2.5 mm) ranged between 570 and 1300 kg/m3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detailed design and development of an adapted briquetting machine is presented to help optimize time and energy expended in the production of briquettes locally. The machine is designed specifically to convert waste materials into useful briquettes. This research focused on the development of a modified automated briquetting machine with hopper, grinder, and heating element attached. This has eliminated the deficiencies of the classical briquetting machine developed. The machine is modified such that grinding, compacting, and heating processes are carried out simultaneously thereby minimizing tardy time and increasing productivity by producing solid briquettes ready for immediate use. The essential features of the machine are the hopper, the screw shaft, and die and electric motor of 1horsepower with a design speed of 2830rpm. It is fast, easy to operate, and safe to use. The efficiency of the machine was deduced to be 90% with a production rate of 72 g/h and power consumed at 1.3 kW. The briquettes produced from the developed machine is a blend of hyacinth plant and groundnut shell with waste oil and starch as a binder. The briquette fuel produced can be used as solid fuels in local bakeries, restaurants, and domestic and industrial settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reports charcoal briquettes preparation from wood wastes and the evaluation of their quality to be used as clean energy source, as well as the availability of raw biomass materials. The accessibility of raw materials (biomass) was assessed through survey and interview. The collected materials were carbonized and then powdered using an electric milling machine and mixed with various binders in different proportions. The proximate analyses of the resulting briquettes were determined in accordance with ASTM analytical methods. Volatile matter (11.30-26.00%), ash content (4.67-26.67%), moisture content (2.67-7.67%), and fixed carbon (44.27-72.00%) of the charcoal briquettes were obtained. Gross heat (calorific value) was also measured using a Parr Isoperibol Bomb Calorimeter and found to be in the range 6940.77-8930.55 cal/g. Compared with traditional wood charcoal, all the briquettes prepared in this study were efficient with long burning time, having no smoke, spark, and odor. The results indicate the availability of raw materials, and that the quality parameters of the prepared briquettes were within the internationally recommended limits, suggesting the possibility of producing high-quality charcoal briquette as an alternative energy source and a way for waste management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dewatering and binderless briquetting of Liulin coal slime by hydrothermal hot pressing (HHP) method were studied under a wide range of process conditions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and XRD were used for characterization. Results indicated that the optimal conditions were a pressure at 4.2 Mpa, a temperature of 150°, and additive NaOH at 3.0%. The increase of temperature caused the loss of absorbed water in clay minerals and also some organic species having functional groups, such as -CH3 and -CH2. The alkalinity caused the loss of oxygen functional groups and the formation of hydroxysodalite, which reduced the water storage capacity and promoted coal particles agglomeration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Densification of biomass is often necessary to combat the negative storage and handling characteristics of these low-bulk-density materials. Corn stover is an important feedstock being considered for production of renewable fuels and energy in China. Densification of corn stover would help reduce the problems and costs of bulk transportation, handling, and storage of biomass feedstock. In cold regions, some thermosetting binder will be added when briquette fuel is made with corn stover because of its high water and lignin content. It is important to understand the synthesis mechanism of thermosetting binder under certain temperature and pressure combined with strong alkaline slurry to explore develop ment of a new process of briquetting corn stover based on only alkaline slurry as an environment-friendly binder. In this study, flat-die briquetting machine has been used with a cone-shaped press roller, and a matching die hole on the press plate. At the same time, orthogonal experiments were designed from the results of single-factor experiments to obtain optimal briquetting conditions. The effects of spray quantity of biogas-slurry, size of die hole, and water content of corn stover on the durability and bulk density of corn stover briquettes were investigated. Moreover, the model for whole factors and the model for interaction between factors for indexes have been built, emulated the optimum processing parameters. The results show briquettes of corn stover with durability of 83.33% were produced when the spray liquid flow quantity of biogas-slurry, size of die hole, and water content of corn stover were 0.45 L/kg, 28 mm, and 20%, respectively. Bulk density of 616 kg/m3was produced when the spray liquid flow quantity of biogas-slurry, size of die hole, and water content of corn stover were 0.3 L/kg, 24 mm, and 25%, respectively. These results have been checked by verification testing. The successful implementation of this project provides theoretical support and test instruction for the development of green biomass energy for sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Briquetting could be a solution to economic and environmental problems regarding fine coals. However, briquettes that are formed using molasses disintegrate in water and create problems. Providing water resistance to briquette, bitumen and asphalt are illegally used, however they generate more air pollution. In order to resolve this negative situation, a new binder with a co-polymer origin, Mowilith-VDM©, is tested for briquetting of bituminous fine coals. The results of tests have shown that class I type (TSE, 1996) water resistance briquette can be produced using the co-polymer binder percent of 8, a drying temperature of 100°C, a drying time of 15 min, and a pressure load of 29.5 MPa. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The ever-increasing energy demand has necessitated several researches on renewable and environmentally friendly alternatives. Nigeria, although blessed with tremendous renewable energy resources, has been feared that it “may fall into fossil fuel trap.” Large quantities of agro-waste, including rice-husk, palm kernel shell, coconut shell, baggase, milling residue-sawdust, and plant biomass, such as grass, is produced by most developing countries including Nigeria. Briquetting of this loose biomass mitigates the problem of wide-spread air pollution through direct burning, reduces transportation and storage cost, and improves their calorific values. The prospect of utilizing grass as solid fuel in Nigeria is discussed in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work studies the effect of adding beet pulp on the properties of coal briquettes in the presence of tar. The effects of moisture, composition of briquettes, and briquetting pressure were studied on their water resistance index and compressive strength. The amounts of ash and sulfur content were reduced by pre-treatment of coal and adding biomass. Briquettes containing beet pulp had lower calorific value than free biomass briquettes, but it was in an acceptable range. The highest compressive strength and water resistance were achieved in the samples containing a beet pulp to tar content ratio of 25/5 to 20/10 and 8% water prepared at 15 tons briquetting pressure. Briquettes containing beet pulp have higher compressive strength than briquettes containing sawdust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current investigation aims at the utilization of agro-waste in order to obtain a solid fuel that retains the advantageous characteristics of commercial briquettes. The experimental briquettes' (B2, B3, B4, and B) physical and combustion properties were compared with a commercially available briquette (B6). The results revealed that B4 and B5 briquettes exhibited good combustion efficiency but reduced length, compression strength, durability, and higher ash content, while B2 showed better physical property but low combustion and higher ash content compared to B6 briquettes. The B3 briquettes were moderately efficient. Therefore, the B3 agro-waste briquettes can be used as an alternative energy resource and it is economically and environmentally feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study focuses on the origin and properties of the Oltu gemstone or Oltustone. The Oltu gemstone known as 'Black Amber' is dull-bright black color, and is very low ash, high volatile matter, total sulfur and calorific value. Very high volatile matter content on a dry-ash free basis (66.52%) and non-agglomerating character imply that its coal rank is very low. The Oltu gemstone includes abundant organic (amorphous) matter and trace amounts of quartz and pyrite. Petrographic study indicated that pyrite and quartz generally finely disseminated the organic matter. Major and trace element data have low concentrations. The trace element concentrations fall within the range values for the most world coals, except for Bi that exceeds range values (0.1-0.5 μg/g) in most world coals. Petrographic observations on the polished briquette have shown that the gemstone was made of xylite including mainly textinite and corpohuminite, minor amounts of resinite and liptodetrinite. Mean values of random reflectance (%Rr) measurements on the textinite and corpohuminite are 0.23 and 0.30%Rr, respectively. These values indicate very low coal rank, in agreement with the volatile matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If briquettes are to be used efficiently and rationally as fuel, they must be characterized to determine such technological parameters as their reactivity, moisture content, density, ashes, volatile matter, and heat value, along with their major component elements. Traditionally, research has centered on small particles of coal that do not reflect the combustion behavior of briquettes as heterogeneous solids. The objective of this work is to compare experimental data on the reactivity of biomass briquettes and to analyze the results. From the reactivity and the rest of the data available, it will be possible to asses what kind of briquette is suitable for a particular application by matching its behavior to specific requirements, including pollutant emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effect of lime on control of SO 2 emissions was investigated by briquetting of coal particles with various lime contents. The influence of the added lime was determined not only from the view of its contribution to environmental aspects but also in terms of effects on the thermal features and reaction kinetics of coal. The extent of improvement was determined by detailed sulfur analysis. Thermal qualification and reaction kinetics of the coal briquettes with varying lime contents were performed by evolved gas analysis and its complementing kinetic model based on Arrhenius principles. At the end of experiments, utilization of lime was seen to contribute considerably to desulfurization process. However, lime addition had an adverse effect both on the effectiveness of combustion and the liability of the coal briquettes to oxidize. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]