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The current scenario focuses on the usage of renewable sources to meet the demand and environmental issues caused by the usage of fossil fuel. In this communication, a new feedstock, namely, Gulmohar Delonix regiafruit pod is used for the production of bio-oil through pyrolysis process. The biomass characterization has been carried out by using proximate analysis, ultimate analysis (CHN analysis), and thermogravimetric analysis to find the percentage of volatile matter, various compositions, and thermal decomposition of biomass, respectively. Based on the TGA results, the pyrolysis experiments are carried out in the semi-batch type reactor at different temperatures such as 450°C, 500°C, 550°C, and 600°C with the heating rate of 5°C min−1. Based on the pyrolysis process, the maximum bio-oil yield temperature is identified as 550°C and also maximum bio-char and gas evolved during the pyrolysis process have been identified. The bio-oil characterization has been carried out by using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify the composition and presence of functional group present in the bio-oil. The FTIR analysis has shown the presence of alkanes, aldehydes, esters, aromatics, ketones, and carboxylic acids in the bio-oil. The GC-MS analysis of bio-oil has revealed the presence of 25 long-chain hydrocarbons with 9–28 carbon atoms. Further, the bio-oil is subjected to fuel properties analyses like flash, fire point, viscosity, and calorific value. The results of the present investigation have confirmed that the Gulmohar Delonix regiafruit pod can serve as a potential feedstock for pyrolysis reaction and also the bio-oil produced by the fruit pod can be used as an alternative fuel for IC engines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyrolysis experiments of hazelnut shells were conducted by tube furnace pyrolysis reactor at 400–1,000°C. The results indicated that the effect of pyrolysis temperature on yield and characteristics of bio-char was significant. With the deepening of carbonization, bio-char yields decreased, approximately 50 wt% of VM were released, and the concentration of FC increased by 47 wt%. The optimum for HHV (33.3 MJ/kg) and combustion reactivity was at 900°C and 700°C, respectively; the adsorption capacity of bio-char was optimal and was determined by BET surface area and iodine absorption value (respectively 197.3 m2/g and 595.4 mg/g) at 800°C. The results provided a strong support for bio-char application from discarded hazelnut shell pyrolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, sugarcane bagasse was subjected to fast pyrolysis in a bench scale reactor to investigate the effects of pyrolysis conditions on final product distribution and properties. Van Krevelen diagram showed lowest values of H/C and O/C for bio-char followed by bio-oil. Highest bio-oil yield of 60.4% was achieved at 500°C while maximum heating value of 24.7 MJ.kg−1was found at 600°C. Increasing size of bagasse decreased both bio-oil ratio and higher heating value (HHV). An increase and decrease in bio-char yield were seen with increase in bagasse size and pyrolysis temperature, respectively. HHV of bio-char was recorded 27.8 MJ.kg−1at 600°C which decreased with further increase in temperature and bagasse size. Increase in both temperature and bagasse size increased gaseous ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Pyrolysis ofXanthium strumariumhas been performed in a fixed-bed tubular reactor with boron minerals (ulexite, colemanite, and borax) and without catalyst at three different temperatures ranging from 350°C to 550°C with heating rate of 50°C/min. The amounts of bio-oil, bio-char, and gas generated, also the compositions of the resulting bio-oils were identified by GC-MS and FT-IR. The influences of pyrolysis parameters, such as temperature and catalyst on product yields were investigated. Temperature and catalyst were found to be the main factors affecting the conversion ofXanthium strumariuminto solid, liquid, and gaseous products. The highest liquid yield (27.97%) including water was obtained with 10% colemanite (Ca2B6O11.5H2O) catalyst at 550°C temperature at a heating rate of 50°C/min when 0.224 >Dp> 0.150 mm particle size raw material and 100 cm3/min of sweeping gas flow rate were used. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Conversion of underutilized forest biomass to bio-oil could be a niche market for energy production. In this work, bio-oil was produced from underutilized forest biomass at selected temperatures between 425–500°C using an auger reactor. Physical properties of bio-oil, such as pH, density, heating value, ash, and water, were analyzed and compared with an ASTM standard to document the effect of pyrolysis temperature. All of the properties analyzed in this study, except for the ash content of the bio-oil, met the ASTM standard. Chemical composition of bio-oil was also analyzed, and the concentration of each species was compared at different temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Bio-fuels, such as bio-oil, bio-char, and bio-gas, can be obtained from agricultural residues. Agricultural residues are potential renewable energy resources such as biogas from anaerobic digestion, bio-oil from pyrolysis, and bio-char from carbonization and slow pyrolysis processes. Pyrolysis process of agricultural residues are the most common and convenient methods for conversion into bio-oil and bio-char. When the pyrolysis temperature increased, the bio-char yield decreased. The bio-char yield increased with increasing particle size of the sample. The yield of bio-oil from pyrolysis of the samples increased with temperature. Anaerobic biogas production is an effective process for conversion of a broad variety of agricultural biomass to methane to substitute natural gas and medium calorific value gases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with slow pyrolysis of oak wood and agricultural residues such as hazelnut shell and wheat straw at high temperature (950–1250 K) in a cylindrical reactor. The aim of this work is to study the effect of the treatment conditions such as temperature, particle size, and lignin and inorganic matter contents on bio-char yield and reactivity. When the pyrolysis temperature increased, the bio-char yield decreased. A high temperature and smaller particles increase the heating rate resulting in a decreased bio-char yield. The higher lignin content in hazelnut shell results in a higher bio-char yield in comparison with oak wood and wheat straw. Bio-chars from hazelnut shell and wheat straw are more reactive in gasification than bio-chars from oak wood because of the higher ash content. The bio-char obtained are carbon rich, with high heating value and relatively pollution-free potential solid biofuel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]