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Abstract: With the increasing demand of global petroleum, viewing from oil tanker “Prestige” stranding to the latest “Deepwater Horizon Drilling rig” explosion, a variety of catastrophic oil spill accidents at sea, particularly ship''s oil spill, has brought severe hazard to marine ecological environment and human society. Through the sample selected from the case database of historical ships’ oil spill accidents in China, this paper establishes an artificial neural network model for damage assessment of marine oil spill pollution, and writes special program to train and simulate the Back-Propagation Neural Networks with MATLAB toolbox. The experimental results indicate that the damage assessment of oil spill by Back-Propagation Neural Networks is objectively precise and reliable, so as to provide an effective assessment method to claim for compensation caused by ship''s oil spill accidents. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]