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Abstract In this study, a novel high-efficient energy-saving vacuum BIPV (building integrated photovoltaic) curtain wall, which combines photovoltaic curtain wall and vacuum glazing technologies, was developed and investigated. This vacuum BIPV curtain wall can not only perform on-site power generation, but also significantly reduce the heat transfer through the building envelope with improved thermal insulation. The thermal and power performance of the vacuum PV glazing were investigated by experiments and numerical simulations. A prototype of the vacuum BIPV curtain wall was set up for a short-term outdoor testing to consolidate its thermal and power performance under typical weather conditions of Hong Kong. A comprehensive energy model was then developed to predict the dynamic power and thermal performance of the vacuum BIPV curtain wall to evaluate its annual energy saving potential compared to other advanced window technologies used in buildings in Hong Kong. Based on the simulation model, an optimum design of the vacuum BIPV curtain wall was proposed. In addition, the annual energy-saving potential for a typical high-rise commercial building with the application of miscellaneous BIPV products was estimated using the typical meteorological data. BIPV characteristics were jointly optimized with other passive architectural design parameters and the net building energy demand can be decreased by up to 60% compared with a benchmark office building in Hong Kong. The target of near-zero energy high-rise building can therefore be further approached by this integrated design optimization process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The energy performances of c-Si PV windows and a-Si PV windows have been investigated comprehensively worldwide. However, CdTe thin film PV windows which are supposed to achieve better performance due to its higher efficiency are rarely studied. This study evaluated the energy performance of semi-transparent CdTe thin film PV window applying on commercial buildings. The results show that CdTe PV windows have large energy saving potential in Hong Kong, and the annual energy generation of per unit CdTe PV windows is 52.3kWh/m 2. Compared to the common window and a-Si PV window, the saving in net energy consumption is 19.6% and 15.3%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract To improve the photovoltaic (PV) power generation, the temperature control measures and optimization of BIPV systems are critical, particularly in tropical weather. There are two categories of cooling mechanisms, i.e. passive and active cooling. In the present study, a simplified numerical model is set up to evaluate the effect of passive cooling of BIPV façades with various configurations, including the PV periphery openings (i.e. area ratio), behind air cavity depth, wind velocity and attack angle (0 to 90 degrees) on the cell temperature of BIPV module. A parametric study is performed. Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation is applied to predict the cell temperatures under various BIPV façade configurations and environmental conditions. The results of the CFD model show that in the case where the areas of the top and bottom openings are equal, there is limited air ventilation at the behind air cavity. However, the BIPV surface temperature has a significant drop when the inlet opening at the bottom is enlarged, compared with that of the same area of inlet and outlet. Changing the wind attack angle from 0º to 60º has limited effect on the BIPV cell temperature, which results in a variation of less than 5 ºC. However, a dramatic temperature drop of around 15ºC is observed when the attack angle is larger than 60º. The influence of air cavity depth is studied with the fixed top and bottom opening size ratio. By varying the air cavity depth from 30 to 200 mm, a lower PV cell temperature can be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract A module of ceramic tile with integrated a silicon amorphous thin film solar cell was tested in working conditions. The ceramic modules were installed on a ventilated façade in a 3 stories laboratory building completely equipped with sensors to detect the thermal and energetic behavior of the prototype. The experimental campaign aimed at monitoring the energy and thermal performances of the ventilated BIPV façade in the current configuration. The paper describes the output of the experimentation. Specifically, the operative temperature, the global efficiency and the electric production of the system have been evaluated in real working condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with both energetic and exergetic performance assessments of two combined systems as a whole. The first one is a Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) system while the second one is a wastewater (WW) Source Heat Pump (WWSHP) system. Both systems were installed at Yasar University, Izmir, Turkey within the framework of EU/FP7 and the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) funded projects, respectively. The BIPV system was commissioned on 8 February 2016 and has been successfully operated since then while the WWSHP system was put into operation in October 2014. The BIPV system has a total peak power of 7.44 kW and consists of a total of 48 Crystalline Silicon (c-Si) modules with a gap of 150 mm between the modules and the wall, and a peak power per PV unit of 155 Wp. The WWSHP system consists of three main subsystems, namely (i) a WW system, (ii) a WWSHP, and (iii) an end user system. Two systems considered have been separately operated while the measured values obtained from both systems have been recorded for performance assessment purposes. In this study, a combined system was conceptually formed and the performance of the whole system was evaluated using actual operational data and some assumptions made. Exergy efficiency values for the WWSHP system and the whole system were determined to be 72.23% and 64.98% on product/fuel basis, while their functional exergy efficiencies are obtained to be 20.93% and 11.82%, respectively. It may be concluded that the methodology presented here will be very beneficial to those dealing with the design and performance analysis and evaluation of BIPV and WWHP systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the Algerian energy consumption among the residential sector ranks first. The national energetic consumption is growing in an inordinate way because the Algerian state has launched a massive plan of housing construction without taking in consideration the legislation of energy performance. In addition, the simultaneous change of users requirements to maintain their comfort, especially in summer, which leads to a large amount of electricity consumption through using air conditioning. In the actual study, we focused on the seasonal consumption of air conditioning system that varies according to the degree of comfort and air-conditioned area. In Ouargla city, in the south of Algeria, the analysis of historical energetic data shows that the cooling system of the building consumes more than 63% of the total energy per year in the average. To decrease this considerable seasonal energy consumption, the building energy performance should be improved by two solutions. The passive solution is through the optimization of the envelope, while the active solution is the integration of PV system. Obtained results, through the analysis of simulation showed that 172 kWh/m² is consumed by the cooling system which represents more than 70% of the total energy consumption in Hollow Brick envelope. However, in the performance envelope (3D panel) the integration of photovoltaic panels in the roof can reduce seasonal energy consumption until to 87.4 kWh/m² per year which represents more than 50% of the total energy consumption. In the case of (3D panel) we can save the half 50% of the total energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) are becoming more common every day. They are used everywhere, from the cabin in the mountains to the modern apartment building, and with more common use, strengths and weaknesses begin to reveal themselves more and more. In the regions of the world experiencing a colder climate, ice and snow coverage presents a challenge to productivity, BIPV resilience and longevity. Mechanically clearing snow and ice wears down the installations more quickly and may present a hazard to the people carrying out the clearing. Several research studies have been presented regarding the passive repulsion of ice and frost, while the repulsion of snow remains largely unexplored. This study aims to concisely present a review of what has been published in the field regarding snow repulsion and illuminate the research gaps and thus pave the way for future research. The snow aspect is illuminated by employing strategies previously applied to icephobicity research. A special emphasis is put on the comparison between microstructured, nanostructured and hierarchically structured surfaces as these constitute the basis of most icephobic (pagophobic) strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the framework of the Solar Decathlon 2017 in Denver, Colorado, the Swiss team will propose a community house powered by solar energy and smart grid interaction. Thanks to an integrated design with multi-oriented façades, which were boosted by customized opening gates equipped with c-Si PV panels and power optimizers, a net positive energy building has been realized. An energy management system has been implemented to monitor and control the 9.715 kWp PV system and the electrical storage of 10.8 kWh capacity. The realized microgrid has been modelled and simulations have been performed using hourly meteorological data. As first results, measured BIPV production during the building commissioning has been compared with the simulated production at Fribourg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a parametric analysis of the configuration of a fix louvre-blade system with integrated PV coating is presented. The study evaluates different exploitations of solar energy focusing on the competing functions associated with the system in terms of electricity conversion, and daylight availability in the room. The methodology is applied to determine the effect of the geometry of the system (louvre-blade count and tilt angle) installed in a fictitious office room in a Nordic climate, considering climatic challenges such as low solar altitude angles, and large seasonal variations of solar irradiance levels incoming on the south-facing façade plane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar energy is a prime way to reach net zero energy buildings. Addressing buildings’ energy needs is a priority because buildings are the largest demander of energy (followed by industry then transport). However, harvesting energy from solar farms, implies covering large areas with standard black or blue solar modules, which is generally not well accepted by the stakeholders. If architectural coherence is to be preserved, building envelopes cannot simply be covered with black panels with visible cells and contact bars. Today, panels of different colors are available to integrate solar energy smoothly into the built environment. However, while a choice of colors is good news for architecture, it should not cause excessive energy losses. The Kromatix panels presented in this paper are covered by glass that combines effects of diffuse surfaces and interference filters. With a minimal loss of efficiency, these panels pave the way to new considerations in solar architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An adaptive solar facade can improve building energy performance by controlling solar heat gains and natural lighting, while simultaneously generating electricity on site. The adaptive control of the solar facade is determined through an optimisation algorithm that minimises the net energy demand. In this paper, we first evaluate the sensitivity of the adaptive solar facade to the thermal performance of the building envelope for a south facing room in Zurich. We then evaluate the performance of an adaptive solar facade on 11 building use types spanning six construction periods. In addition, we compare the performance of an adaptive system against an equivalent static photovoltaic system, and a facade with no shading system. Our results show that the adaptive solar facade performs best in buildings that have a high cooling demand and low heating demand. This is because the optimum configurations for cooling minimisation generate the maximum photovoltaic electricity. As a result, we notice a higher energy saving potential in newer buildings with low envelope thermal transmittance (U-value or infiltration). However, in buildings with a very high cooling demand, and no heating demand, there is only a small improvement in performance compared to an equivalent static system. An adaptive solar facade is therefore an optimum solution when there are both heating demands, and cooling demands present. Modern offices, retail stores, food stores, and schools have this property and perform well with an adaptive solar facade compared to an equivalent static system, and a facade with no shading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) is one of the most promising solutions to generate renewable electricity in the built environment. BIPV applications can replace regular building components into prefab integrated components that at the same time generate electricity, contributing to the aesthetics in the built environment. In this paper we thoroughly review the existing BIPV stakeholders, the BIPV ecosystem and policy and legislation for BIPV in the Netherlands. The information that is provided throughout this research and the conclusions that were drawn should be taken into account by the government, academia and the BIPV industry when further designing the BIPV (export) strategy for the Netherlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the present status and outlook of the building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) market on a global and European scale. In particular, it provides a comprehensive review of the market situation and the future trends for Austria, Cyprus, France, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands until the year 2020. In addition, as education is seen as one of the barriers for BIPV deployment, results of a survey are presented that was conducted among BIPV stakeholders with the aim to identify major knowledge gaps in education and target audiences as well as teaching goals. From that potential courses dedicated to the needs of each target audience related to BIPV can be developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autonomous photovoltaic systems have already been proved as one of the most reliable ways to handle the electrification requirements of remote consumers in isolated areas. The technology improvement in the field of building integrated photovoltaic systems, along with the governmental financial incentives for boosting the corresponding energy sector, have increased the interest of installing small scale photovoltaic systems not only in remote dwellings but also in grid-connected households. The penetration of photovoltaic systems in densely populated areas has made people even more familiar with them and therefore people with environmental consciousness are more likely to adopt the specific technology. In this context, the present work aims in highlighting the capabilities of building integrated photovoltaic systems along with battery storage devices in covering the electrical needs of a typical dwelling using real electricity demand and meteorological data based on Typical Meteorological Year time series. The system is simulated on an hourly basis by using an integrated numerical code that has been developed by the Soft Energy Applications & Environmental Protection Laboratory of the Mechanical Engineering Dept. of Piraeus University of Applied Sciences in Greece. The proposed solution guarantees zero load rejections under different solar potential schemes investigating also the possibilities of minimizing the storage system capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The acronym BIPV (Building Integrated Photovoltaics) refers to the installation of photovoltaic systems which, in addition to convert solar energy into electrical energy, have a high level of architectonical integration with the built environment, becoming a real architectural cladding to be installed over the buildings in place of traditional envelope systems. Many typologies of BIPV have been developed, however their thermal characteristics such as g and Ug-value are not well evaluated and require more detailed analyses considering that they could replace large extension of traditional building envelope. A first approach to address this problem is proposed in this work. A mathematical model based on a finite differences scheme for the estimation of the thermal parameters g and Ug-value has been developed and tuned using experimental value measured on sample BIPV with a Hot Plate and a Solar Calorimeter. The results of the model show that the introduction of solar cells in a laminated glass or in a double glass leads to a reduction of energy parameters modifying winter and summer energy balance of the building system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a numerical simulation work on the mechanical behaviors of an ultra-thin double-glazing PV module under static and dynamic load conditions. Three different kinds of PV mounting configurations are investigated respectively to explore their influences on the static and dynamic performance of the studied module. For each kind of mounting configuration, static, modal and modal-based steady-state dynamic analyses are carried out by using the Finite Element Method, respectively. In the static analysis, two kinds of uniform pressure loading conditions with magnitudes of 2400 Pa and 5400 Pa, which are standing for the maximum wind load and snow load respectively according to the Standard of IEC 61215, are applied on the PV modules. After static analyses, modal analyses are performed to obtain the PV modules’ natural frequencies and mode shapes. Based on the results of modal analyses, a steady-state dynamic analysis is conducted to determine the modules’ dynamic responses to the harmonic excitations with an amplitude of 2400 Pa and frequencies ranging from 0 Hz to 100 Hz. The simulation results show that both the deformation and the stresses of three PV system are small in static analysis, but they are quite different in dynamic analysis. The dynamic displacement curves have obvious oscillations near the natural frequencies of PV modules and the amplitudes are large enough to damage the PV modules. The mounting configurations have a significant influence on both the static performance (strength and deformation) and dynamic performance (dynamic characteristics and responses). In conclusion, for this ultra-thin double-glazing PV module, it is not accurate and appropriate for evaluating the safety and stability of the PV module just through the existing static analysis in IEC 61215. The dynamic effects of the loading on PV module also need to be paid attention. Moreover, the mounting configurations should be designed to meet both the static and dynamic requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a numerical simulation work on the mechanical behaviors of an ultra-thin double-glazing PV module under static and dynamic load conditions. Three different kinds of PV mounting configurations are investigated respectively to explore their influences on the static and dynamic performance of the studied module. For each kind of mounting configuration, static, modal and modal-based steady-state dynamic analyses are carried out by using the Finite Element Method, respectively. In the static analysis, two kinds of uniform pressure loading conditions with magnitudes of 2400 Pa and 5400 Pa, which are standing for the maximum wind load and snow load respectively according to the Standard of IEC 61215, are applied on the PV modules. After static analyses, modal analyses are performed to obtain the PV modules' natural frequencies and mode shapes. Based on the results of modal analyses, a steady-state dynamic analysis is conducted to determine the modules' dynamic responses to the harmonic excitations with an amplitude of 2400 Pa and frequencies ranging from 0 Hz to 100 Hz. The simulation results show that both the deformation and the stresses of three PV system are small in static analysis, but they are quite different in dynamic analysis. The dynamic displacement curves have obvious oscillations near the natural frequencies of PV modules and the amplitudes are large enough to damage the PV modules. The mounting configurations have a significant influence on both the static performance (strength and deformation) and dynamic performance (dynamic characteristics and responses). In conclusion, for this ultra-thin double-glazing PV module, it is not accurate and appropriate for evaluating the safety and stability of the PV module just through the existing static analysis in IEC 61215. The dynamic effects of the loading on PV module also need to be paid attention. Moreover, the mounting configurations should be designed to meet both the static and dynamic requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the single-crystal silicon-based solar cells laminated between tempered glass and ceramic tile is developed to be utilized in the building's façade. Firstly, the electrical, optical, and thermal properties of the proposed PV module are evaluated. Then, the wind-resistance test is implanted to evaluate the installation feasibility in Taiwan where have typhoon frequently. The electrical and deflection characteristics of the proposed PV module have no obviously changed after a 50 thermal cycling test and a 200 hour humidity-freeze test, based on IEC 61215, and a wind-resistance test, respectively. Finally, electrical power generation of the proposed BIPV system with 1 kWp electrical power capacity installed in a demonstration house is performed. The experimental results indicate that accumulative power generation is 185 kWh during 6-month monitoring period. And that, the exterior temperature of the demonstration house is lower than that on the surface of the BIPV system about 10 °C. The proposed BIPV system not only provides the passive energy for its power loading, but also improves the indoor thermal environment by fluent natural ventilation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The research presented here is about the energy retrofit of an existing high school building close to Varese (Italy). As the building was designed in the 60's with a peculiar architectural language, it has been protected by the conservation authorities. However, the construction system in exposed concrete and the large expanses of single glass make the energy performance of the building very poor. The Provincia di Varese, owner of the building, decided to realize an exemplary retrofit project, which would be the first renovated educational building in Italy in line with the future scenario of Nearly Zero-Energy Building expected from 2019 (2021 for private buildings) by the European Directive 2010/31/UE. In this work energetic and payback analysis are developed to delineate three different preliminary scenarios of intervention. The process has always followed discussions with the conservation authorities, which contributed to the definition of realistic scenarios. Interesting results are obtained: a potential energy demand reduction of 70% can be obtained with the passive solutions proposed; in combination with active strategies (efficient mechanical systems and controls) and with the integration of photovoltaic panels (BiPV), the overall energy need of the building can be reduced to nearly zero. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: One of the main challenges in next years will be the retrofit of existing built heritage. Even the most ancient settlements, to avoid the absolute neglect, will have to consider a “contemporary” and environmentally aware vision of refurbishment. In Italian territories hit by earthquake, this challenge is already today a potential for their life return: BIPV, or in general PV implementation, is one of the possible ways to be faced for ensuring a renewable contribution in the perspective of “Nearly-Zero Energy Settlements”. The presented study, after synthesizing some main key-strategies for PV introduction at landscape, urban and building scale, focuses on the definition of reference requirements and practical findings useful in the proposal of guide-criteria for urban re-planning of minor historical centers. The outcomes could also be used in the ongoing reconstruction process, for defining innovative and sustainable strategies for PV implementation in minor (nearly-zero energy) historical centers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A typical problem of BiPV systems (Building Integrated Photovoltaic) is the power loss due to temperature increase, because modules often operate close to the building envelope with low ventilation. It is thus essential to properly evaluate and compare the PV temperature conditions of different PV module categories (in terms of PV technology and material type). Several explicit correlations exist for the evaluation of the PV module temperature, among which the simplest and most handy is a linear expression (i.e. T mod =T amb +k G) which links T mod with the ambient temperature (T amb ) and the incident solar radiation flux (G). Within this expression the value of the dimensional parameter k, known as the Ross coefficient, depends on several aspects (i.e. module type, wind velocity and integration characteristics). However, dispersed values for this parameter can be found in literature (in the range of 0.02-0.06K m2/W) according to different module types, while more information are provided regarding different integration characteristics. This paper aims at giving an overview of the value of k for different module types according to monitored data registered over one year time period at the ABD-PV plant in Bolzano (Italy). The highest values of k, which means the highest module temperature at a certain G, are registered for the three glass-glass (G-G) module types (k Tmod,c from 0.033K m2/W to 0.037K m2/W). The glass-tedlar (G-T) module types operate at slight lower temperature values (k Tmod,c ranging from 0.029K m2/W to 0.032K m2/W). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Many countries, for aesthetic purposes, offer economic advantages (tax deductions, incentives, etc..) for the installation of building integrated photovoltaic modules (BIPV), with water-tightness capability and adequate mechanical resistance in order to substitute tile covering or part of it. Nevertheless, poor or absent ventilation under BIPV panels could cause them to overheat and reduce their efficiency. It is well established that the presence of an air gap between a photovoltaic (PV) module and roof covering facilitates ventilation cooling under the device and consequently reduces cell temperature and improves its performance. In this study, we investigated the thermal performance of PV modules installed in a real scale experimental building over a traditional clay tile pitched roof in Italy for almost one year (from August 2009 to June 2010). One PV module was rack-mounted over the roof covering with a 0.2 m air gap; the others were fully integrated and installed at the same level of the roof covering (one with an air gap of 0.04 m, the other mounted directly in contact with the insulation). Temperature and heat flux measurements for each panel, and environmental parameters were recorded. Experimental results demonstrate that even though the rack-mounted PV module constantly maintains cell temperature below that of the other full-building integrated modules, due to the presence of a higher air gap, the difference in the energy produced by the PV modules estimated for the entire monitoring period is less than 4%. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Solar Photovoltaics is one of the core technologies for a paradigm shift of our electric infrastructure towards distributed generation. In 2011 Italy became the first world market; however, Germany has even the primacy of accumulated power. The installed capacity amounted to 10.000 MW according to data of Italian Manager of Energy Services (GSE) against 1.000 MW in 2010 and 3.000 the beginning of 2011. The projections of GSE include the achievement of the 12.000 MW by the end of the year with more than 350.000 running plants. In a nearly mature market, cost related issues and technical difficulties are encountered in particular in the successful integration within a sensitive and consolidated built environment. The research presented aims to investigate the possible results of an effective use of Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV), choosing existing buildings in the city of Bellinzona (Canton Ticino, CH) as case studies. Bellinzona presents similar characteristics to small Northern Italian cities in terms of built environment characteristic and climate conditions. The theoretical framework for the analysis is the one proposed initially for low energy and nearly net zero energy buildings (NZEB). Although this type of analysis has been developed, in particular, for building with high penetration of renewable energy sources generation (up to 100% of the energy consumed), it seems worth investigating the dynamic interaction of building energy demand, on-site generation and grid with similar tools, because of the necessity of achieving low energy demand also in retrofitted existing buildings in a near future. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems may represent a powerful and versatile tool for achieving the ever increasing demand for zero energy and zero emission buildings of the near future, offering an aesthetical, economical and technical solution to integrate solar cells producing electricity within the climate envelopes of buildings. This work addresses possible research opportunities and pathways for the BIPVs of tomorrow. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems may represent a powerful and versatile tool for achieving the ever increasing demand for zero energy and zero emission buildings of the near future. In this respect BIPVs offer an aesthetical, economical and technical solution to integrate solar cells harvesting solar radiation to produce electricity within the climate envelopes of buildings. This work summarizes the current state-of-the-art of BIPVs, including both BIPV foil, tile, module and solar cell glazing products. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems bring forward many requirements to grid-tied inverters in these aspects such as generating efficiency, shading effects, harmonic & reactive current compensation and quick economical payback, etc.. This paper presents a multi-functional utility interface of BIPV systems based on cascade multilevel converter. It has two operating modes: one is operated as grid-tied inverter at normal insolation level and the other is operated as active power filter (APF) at very low insolation level or at nighttime. Compared with traditional inverters, cascade multilevel converter is much more efficient and suitable for utility interface of BIPV system because it has the merits of high efficiency, minimum switching frequency, low switching stress and EMI, approximate sinusoidal waveform voltage output with low total harmonic distortion (THD), modular structure and good dynamic stability. Simulation and experimental results have verified its feasibility and advantage. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The indoor thermal quality is one of the main study topics in the sustainable building field. The HCRI-BIPV smart window was developed to be used in the indoor environmental control on building living quality. This paper describes the 0.75 kWp capacity of grid-connected system by photovoltaic energy, which was controlled by indoor thermal environment. The monitoring research scale is the office time, whose data is recorded between 08:00 am to 17:00 pm. When the indoor temperature was arrived 26°C or higher, the windows would be opened to cool down by the fresh air, which made the indoor temperature less than 10°C and more. The accumulative power performance of the smart window system has 130.01 wKh of the in six months research. For consideration of each evaluated factors, the HCRI-BIPV smart window not only offer the passive energy situation for its power loading but also improve the indoor thermal environment by natural ventilation. The research presented an intensely interesting data for Taiwan BIPV smart window development between the BIPV application and building energy design. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Building integrated photovoltaic is an art and trend using PV module to replace building material on the outer wall. The semi-transparent c-Si PV module is installed to replace the tiled roof in this study. PV power generation prediction is follow with module performance, installation site and meteorological data. A simple model is created to simulate the power output using PV module thermal model. PV module thermal model is the relation of the module temperature, ambient temperature and solar radiation. In the present study, two parameter linearly regression model is to simulate the power generation in BIPV system. The monthly root-mean -square error (RMSE) is about 4.7%. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]