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Abstract: It''s hard for the current limited flexibility of grid systems to accommodate high levels of intermittent power production. So, how to decrease the wind power impact to the grid while higher the utilization of the wind energy is a problem need to be resolved. Wind farm coupling with hydrogen production system is an promising method. In this paper, the system is analysised in economic view and the results for a case study showed that this system can recovery the investment in half and 2 years. Besides, the sensitivity analysis for wind electricity price and the increasing of hydrogen production are also given in this paper. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: How to accomplish the assessment of environmental quality and its quantitative? How investments in environmental protection affect environmental quality? Such issues were hot in environment protection. This paper do an empirical analysis with data of Chongqing from 1996 to 2009 based on Set Pair Analysis methods, the results showed environmental quality from 1996-1998 were “worse”, the quality in 1999 and 2000 were “qualified”, the quality were “better” from 2001-2006 and were “good” in 2008 and 2009. And then, the paper unified the correlation of each level into a coordinate system in order to quantitative value of environmental quality. Through the analysis of relationship between investment in environmental protection and environmental quality, it was found that 1% changing of environmental protection investment could cause 9% changing of environmental quality. In addition, changing rate of environmental quality has lagged 1 year compared with changing rate of environmental protection investment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In recent years debates about public involvement in the decision making process regarding science and technology have been the focus of much debate. This paper uses the deployment of carbon capture and storage technology as a case study to explore both the theoretical and practical reasons why the public need to be consulted on such issues. It concludes that a social contract approach is far more effective than the traditional technocratic approaches as it ensues the lay public are fully informed and understands the rational behind the decisions. Furthermore, if deliberative approaches are employed it provides people with the opportunity to enter in to debate with experts, decide whether they are trustworthy and take ownership of the decisions. As this paper demonstrates when the issues are highly complex and controversial, as they are with CCS, such approaches offer an effective way of communicating information and can significantly reduce opposition aiding implementation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The International Energy Agency (IEA), through the Solar Heating and Cooling programme (SHC) Task 40 and the Energy Conservation in Buildings and Community Systems programme (ECBCS, now named EBC) Annex 52, works towards developing a common understanding and setting up the basis for an international definition framework for Net Zero Energy Buildings (Net ZEBs). One of the subtasks of this programme–SubTaskC focuses benchmarking the Net ZEBs around the world to identify the innovative solutions sets that makes up this new type of building. This paper presents an overview of the work conducted by the participants of Subtask C and of Zero Energy Building projects that have been identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The European Union has set a goal that the energy use in the built environment shall be reduced by 41% to the year 2050 compared to 2005-2006. This could introduce new opportunities for solar thermal systems in cold countries. In such countries, like Sweden and Canada, the economy in solar thermal collector installation projects is often spoiled by the fact that most of heating energy demand of the building occurs during periods when the available solar energy is low. The present paper investigates the performance of solar thermal systems subjected to different quota between space heating and domestic hot water demand (DHW). This study investigates the performance of a solar thermal system integrated to four different buildings with varying heating loads in two different locations, Sweden and Canada. Models of single family houses are created which are able to simulate the total heating demand with different heating demand profiles but the same DHW demand. Simulations are performed in TRNSYS, an advanced tool used to simulate transient systems. Results indicate that solar combisystems tend to generate more useful energy and therefore be more cost effective when installed in buildings with higher heating demands. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper the comparison between the performance of a cross flow heat exchanger in wet and dry operation for air handling process has been investigated. In addition, a case study of application of the component to perform indirect evaporative cooling in a AHU was studied with the software TRNSYS.Using experimental data and an appropriate analytical method, energy saving performances of the system has been evaluated through the entire cooling season for a typical Mediterranean site. Results show that high energy saving potential can be obtained if the component is operated in wet operation in term of reduction of electricity consumption. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Electricity consumption of offshore oil and gas rigs are commonly supplied by gas turbines located on the platforms. These are expensive to operate and emit significant amounts of CO2 and NOx. Offshore wind farms may thus be an economic and environmentally sound option. This paper presents this possibility assuming a wind farm to be operated in parallel with gas turbines. Fuel savings and emissions reductions are quantified by numerical simulations of a case study of an offshore platform in the North Sea. It is concluded that offshore wind is an economic and environmentally sound option for supplying electricity to oil and gas rigs. The size of the wind farm and operational strategy should be carefully selected for securing technically stable and economic operation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The solar radiation received by earth surface is one of the most applicable parameter that is usable in hydrology, agriculture, climatology and meteorological modeling. Many different experimental equations had been suggested by researchers to estimate this parameter in different climates. In this paper, Meta-Heuristic Harmony Search Algorithm (HS) has been developed for determining the Angstrom equation coefficients, by using the daily solar radiation and daily sunshine duration data of Mashhad Synoptic station from 1993 to 2007 (4765 daily data). Also the Angstrom equation coefficients have been estimated for all the of them for test.Three statistical parameters Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Index of % of data used for train and 30%month. 70 agreement (d) and Mean Bias Error (MBE) have been used to estimate error and model validation. The results showed that, the value of RMSE, d and MBE for HS algorithm were 0.1265, 0.8323 and -0.0280, respectively. The value of Angstrom coefficients for Mashhad station in HS method is 0.4743 (for b coefficient) and 0.2657 (for a coefficient). The value of correlation in this method is obtained (R= 0.9047). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The urbanized surface of the old continents could be double in little more than a century due to the transit of the _world from villages to cities (according to the UN) beside the rapid growing in the world population, these will lead _to large numbers of environmental problems, one of these problems is that the energy consumption per person will _increase so more energy will be produced. ^pElectricity from fossil fuels such as oil, coal and natural gas negatively affect the environment at each step from production till consumption, and relaying mainly on these resources of energy to apply this new huge demand will lead to producing more CO2 gas in the atmosphere which will case rising of earth temperature in a rapid rate while electricity generated using sources other than fossil fuel reduces the environmental impacts. Buildings consumes approximately 39% of the energy and 74% of the electricity produced annually in the United States (according to LEED BD+C version 3), and as a rule of thumb the better the energy performance of a building, the fewer greenhouse gases are emitted, So relying on renewable energies to supply urban areas with the power needed is the solution for this problem and is considered an important approach for our cities to be more sustainable. The major shift in the vision of sustainable cities is the potential of buildings to produce energy. This will entail a whole host of solutions (solar, wind power and so forth) that will make cities more interesting as well as sustainable. And in this paper we will try to introduce the main parameters and considerations of these renewable energies specially the wind energy which can affect the form of the city and the important dimensions that should be taken into consideration when designing a new sustainable city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In China, natural disasters are abundant in variety, which almost contain all other disasters in the world. Compared with the three disasters, flood is the most frequent and hazard. This paper selected Typhoon “Bilis” as a case study under the method of AHP/GRD, evaluation of AHP/DEA and Interval Fuzzy Synthesize Evaluation to research the evaluation of the degree of sudden natural disasters affected. Then, we compared and analyzed the results based on the three methods above. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: At the regional collapse of geological hazard evaluation process, in the selection of evaluation factors and determination of the weight, there are subjectivity, uncertainty, and many other issues. In this paper, the Haiyuan fault belt in Ningxia Province is the study area, respectively, with D-S evidence theory and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation methods to build a collapse of geological hazard assessment model, presented Concrete evidence theoretical algorithm. The application results show that the evidence theoretical evaluation model compared to fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is more reliable and accurate. It solved the uncertainty evaluation issues. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The paper presents the study on operation and performance of thermal energy storage (TES) system. The TES system is installed at a cogeneration plant for campus cooling. Operating data from 2006 until 2009 were anlaysed to evaluate the operating modes, half-cycle figure of merit (FOM) and thermocline performance of the TES system. The findings indicate that the TES system was operated based on partial mode strategy. The average half-cycle FOM evaluated for charging and discharging are 0.47 and 0.67 respectively. The thermocline thickness estimated is 1.5 m. The temperature distribution profiles indicate that the TES functioned as stratified TES. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: It is important to develop solar energy resource potential for improving indoor thermal comfort. In this paper, we used the statistical method to analyze observation data for temperature change in an elementary school classroom located in the clod region. The temperature data are recorded hourly in outdoor, the sunspace attached (SA), the classroom with a SA, and the reference classroom (RC) respectively. Results show that the daily mean temperature of the classroom with a sunspace attached (CAS) is higher 6.6°C than RC in the heating period. The heating effect of the sunspace is obvious during the day, while a lot of heat loses at night. To reach the indoor suitable temperature of 16°C, the fuel 315.51kgce are required, and only 61.1% of the heating requirement of the classroom are met. In order to increase the heat effect of SA, it is essential to improve the structure of the sunspace and building material properties. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, the yearly performance of a library building located in Harbin, China, equipped with a ground-coupled heat pump (GCHP) system, was simulated and its ground heat exchanger (GHE) was designed in the TRNSYS 17 environment. Utilizing the hourly load simulation results, a TRNSYS model was developed to analyze underground thermal balance of the entire system, obtaining the 30-year operation conditions of the reference building. According to simulation results, annual average storage temperature, the highest and lowest inlet temperature of the heat pump, factors that influence efficiency of the system, change as the number of boreholes changes. And the optimized length of heat exchangers was studied, as well as method of determining the concentration of antifreeze in heat-transfer fluid in cold regions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, a multi-period mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model for boiler steam system, which accounts for both the operating cost for each period and the changeover cost each between periods of operation, is presented. To find an exact solution for the MINLP problem within an allowable computation time, a new hybrid algorithm combining the line-up competition algorithm (LCA) with nonlinear programming is proposed. A boiler steam system contains six boilers is used for case study. And the results show a significant potential for cost saving. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The specific aim of this research paper is to demonstrate how much energy use will be reduced if the simulation -assisted building energy management and control system is applied to a representative large office building. The methodology applied includes: (1) choosing an appropriate building simulation software to assess energy savings, (2) selecting a representative building and then creating the building model for simulation, (3) identifying the year with available weather data and actual building energy consumption data for the building selected, and then calibrating the simulation model using the actual building energy consumption, (4) selecting proper energy-saving strategies and applying them to obtain hourly energy use for a day. The optimal temperature schedule that saves the most energy was identified. Cost effectiveness studies were performed to evaluate how much annual energy saving has been achieved by using the management and control optimization strategy and how long it will pay back. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper makes residence whole-decoration management as analysis object. As quality fault reflect management problem, it introduce fuzzy comprehensive evaluation into FMEA to analyze the quality problem of decoration and carry out case study. Then integrate FMEA and PDM system to realize emphasis improvement and overall improvement of the whole-decoration management process. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Combining with the realities of hill area in the middle of Sichuan province, this paper evaluated the intensive use extent of urban land in 38 counties located in seven cities of hill area in the middle of Sichuan province and provided approaches for intensive utilization of land in the above mentioned area, by analyzing selected indexes and established evaluation index system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Public perceptions of CCS are seen as crucial in terms of the deployment. Recent opposition to CO2 storage projects, such as Vattenfall’s Schwarze Pump project in northern Germany, demonstrates that addressing public concerns is a crucial factor in securing support for a CO2 scheme. Risk communication will be affected by multiple issues such as the language used, trust in the communicating actors and the opportunities for dialogue. The literature on siting of facilities also cautions that in many cases there in a mismatch between experts and lay perceptions of risk. This paper compares expert and lay perceptions of the risks associated with CCS in two case study areas and is based on the work undertaken in the CASSEM project, which is developing tools for the evaluation of CO2 storage potential in saline aquifer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper describes the process of scenario development under ECCO and presents six scenarios resulting from that process. The main objective of ECCO is to facilitate robust strategic decision making regarding early and future deployment of CO2 value chains. The ECCO project strategy is based on critical evaluation of several case studies that will enlighten various aspects of CCS and point out the most promising CO2 chain alternatives. Scenarios in ECCO help to define the background for the case studies. They describe the alternative future(s) in terms of political environment, public opinion, regulatory framework, technology and infrastructure development, and global economical situation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Over the past few years several geochemical evaluations of CO2 storage in Dutch potential reservoirs are carried out, including predictions of the short- and long-term impact of CO2 on the reservoir using geochemical modelling. The initial mineralogy of the reservoir is frequently obtained from core analysis and is then used to compute the formation water composition. In this paper geochemical modelling with TOUGHREACT is used to predict and compare the short- and long-term geochemical impact of CO2 injection into three reservoirs. The mineralogical composition of these reservoirs is an assemblage based on commonly observed minerals from the Buntsandstein and Rotliegend formations. These formations contain potential onshore and offshore CO2 storage locations in the Netherlands. The results predict drying out and salt precipitation in the near-well area, due to water evaporation by the injected dry CO2. Several mineral transformations are predicted, dominated by the transformation of albite into dawsonite, thereby fixing CO2. Due to the relatively low density of dawsonite, the porosity significantly decreases, which can lead to a pore pressure increase. Disabling of dawsonite precipitation in the simulations, thereby taking into account the ongoing debate on dawsonite stability, only shows a small increase of the porosity. Future (experimental) work should be focused on dawsonite occurrence for accurate predictions of the long-term reservoir integrity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: For carbon dioxide capture and storage to make an effective contribution in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, a large number of storage sites will be required. Safety will have to be demonstrated for each of these sites. We present in this paper a simple and flexible framework to assess safety of a CO2 storage site in a time-efficient manner. It includes the identification by an expert panel of the relevant risk scenarios. Their evaluation privileges analytical or semi-analytical modelling with conservative assumptions. Uncertainty is managed in order to thoroughly represent and propagate the nature of information relative to the site properties. We illustrate the application of this framework with a case study in the context of the Paris Basin. The workflow described is not a complete risk assessment framework, but it constitutes a useful tool for an operator at an early stage of a project or to iteratively screen safety issues, or for a regulating authority to review the safety conditions of a project. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The European project NearCO2 is investigating European public perceptions of CCS via case studies (both CCS and analogous energy infrastructure), surveys, and focus groups. (The NearCO2 project is funded under the FP7 Programme of DG Research at the European Commission. It was launched in April of 2009 and will terminate in March 2011.) The overall aim of the project is to investigate communication strategies that are designed to convey to stakeholders and to the public the advantages and risks of CO2 capture and storage. These same strategies may also be used to involve these parties in local decision-making on CCS projects. This paper describes the results of the first phase of investigation of the NearCO2 project, which focuses on lessons learned from consultation related to CCS project implementation and analogous developments in recent years. Eight case studies have been reviewed to help determine the nature of the communications and consultation strategies used by project developers as part of energy project approval processes. The chosen range of case studies represents a number of different regulatory environments throughout the European Union and a number of different technologies. The consideration of a number of different contextual factors as part of a multi-case study approach has helped to identify factors that underpin the relationship between communications and project outcomes, as a means of informing consultation exercises for future carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Using a power generation dispatch model of the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) to estimate CO2 capture from retrofitting an existing coal power plant, this paper estimates the system cost and revenue associated with handling CO2 input and output mismatch in an integrated source-sink pipeline by installing more injection wells into a saline reservoir to handle peak CO2 capture rates. The fluctuations in CO2 capture (e.g. supply) are assumed to come from an existing coal-fired power plant in Texas operating according to a merit-order dispatch model with an imposed CO2 price. We analyze a 20-year cash flow with CO2 demand for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) based upon a nominal purchase schedule over an 11-year lifespan of a high-quality candidate oil field, Conroe, along the Gulf Coast of Texas. With an assumed structured and inflexible use of CO2 for EOR, the deeper saline reservoir can sequester captured CO2 that is not injected for EOR. By performing a cash flow analysis with and without the EOR field and saline reservoirs included, the economic costs and benefits of coupling EOR and saline storage to a single coal generator are determined for a specific Texas case study. At low CO2 prices, the EOR reservoir contributes more value than the saline reservoir, but the opposite is true at high CO2 prices. This answer can be partly explained because as CO2 price increases, the analysis assumes constant demand of electricity and endogenously increases electricity prices but uses an exogenous constant oil price. The method can be generalized to include additional coal-based plants as well as EOR and saline reservoirs in Texas to envision an entire carbon capture and sequestration network in a region with high EOR potential. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, we present the results of geophysical and geochemical observations at the Nagaoka site, where the first Japanese project on CO2 geological storage is currently underway. We collected formation water and rock samples from the reservoir, and conducted laboratory experiments to investigate the seismic wave response and geochemical reactions due to the CO2 injection under simulated in situ conditions. The results of time-lapse crosswell seismic tomography indicate an area of P-wave velocity decrease due to CO2 saturation, and the CO2-bearing zone near the injection well expanded clearly along the formation up dip direction during CO2 injection. The presence of CO2 was also identified by induction, sonic and neutron logging at the observation wells. The results of geochemical reactions demonstrated the potential of reservoir sandstones at the Nagaoka site for the effective solubility, ionic, and mineral trapping of CO2. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]