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Abstract: A detailed mathematical simulation and experimental investigation of airflow in solar chimneys is studied in this paper. Several experimental studies were carried out on the solar chimney; their choice depends on the parameter of the design and the thermal performances for different geometrical configurations. The experimental tests show that the field speeds in the chimney is influenced by the width of the channel and also of the angle of inclination of the chimney. Therefore, investigations have been carried out in this paper to find the effect of inclination on the performance of solar chimney in Ouargla Province, Algeria. The simulation of this problem is implemented into the commercial CFD code Fluent 6.3. 26. The conservation equations of mass, continuity and energy are solved by the Finite Volume Method. The validation of the results is presented. An good agreement between the experimental results and simulation ones is observed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Photovoltaic generators involve many systems operating together. The illumination on a PV generator (PVG) is neither homogeneous nor constant. Some fluctuations in the illumination intensities and spectra, due by example to shadows, with various dynamic, can occur on the PV panels which constitute a big problem for the inverter to determine precisely the position of the Maximum Power Point (MPP) for an optimal and efficient power transfer. So it is very important to analyse the dynamics behaviour of such systems by using electronic simulation tools like ORCAD®, PROTEUS® etc. It is also interesting to consider the possibility to connect PV panels to smart DC/DC converters in order to provide a High DC Voltage (HVDC) bus. The goal of the present paper is to determine very precisely the dynamic response of a PV system with a high global efficiency. In order to easily simulate a global system including PV panel(s) converter(s) and load, with consideration of small partial shading onto the surface, it is advantageous to minimize the number of basic components in the schematics used for the simulation. This allows a better computing convergence on a short simulation time. In the present contribution, a novel global model representing the behaviour of a string, a panel or a PVG in Direct and Inverse biasing modes is studied. Moreover, this model gives a good restitution of a PVG behaviour in case of partial shading. It is also compared with a standard string of photovoltaic cells. The solar-cell model used for this study is a Direct and Reverse Mode (DRM) model, published in previous paper, which integrates the second quadrant corresponding to the reverse operating mode. In partial shading of PV systems the proposed model allows to have a good approximation of the I-V characteristics curves on PV panels with easier an efficient simulation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, direct torque control (DTC) algorithms for double star permanent magnet synchronous machine alimented by two inverters is described. The double star permanent magnet synchronous machine has two sets of three-phase stator windings spatially shifted up by an angle γ=300. The double star permanent magnet synchronous is used in areas of high power industrial applications such as traction and naval propulsion. Because constitute an advantageous choice compared to classical synchronous machine, because of the relatively low torque produced. This machine is controlled by tree level direct torque with speed regulator PI, replaced by the sliding mode regulator to improve the results obtained. The implementation of the DTC multi-level applied to a double star permanent magnet synchronous machine is validated with simulated results. In this paper a method for modeling and simulation of double star permanent magnet synchronous motor drive MATLAB/Simulink. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The paper presents selected results of a dynamic non-linear model that simulates critical factors in the diffusion of demand-side energy saving equipment. The modelling exercise is customised to the particular characteristics of the Greek islands of the Aegean Sea. Through a sample set of alternative diffusion scenarios, it tests socio-economic and techno-economic system behaviour providing helpful insights in market development and programme design in the wider energy policy debate on effective introduction of new technology. The paper discusses the usefulness of simulation modelling along critical interactions and feedbacks among policy makers (government), the utility operator, consumers and the adopters. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper analysis the cushion performance of the bucket unit for molded pulp material model, which based on the ANSYS software to simulate the compression test and study the effect variety of the draft angle and the height on the model. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper uses Diffuser Augmented Wind Turbine for reference. According to the characteristics of ocean current movement, this paper gives several dome model programs for the straight blade vertical-axis tidal turbine. Make use of it to increase its output power. This paper gives several dome model programs for the straight blade vertical-axis tidal turbine. And optimum scheme is chosen by numerical simulation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In order to investigate the typical scale microbial Iron Bacteria of growth properties in circulating cooling water and water quality parameters factors on biofouling formation, this paper is purposed to deal with the slime which was obtained from the cooling tower bottom of circulating water, then a pure strain of Iron Bacteria was obtained through the separation, purification and enrichment culture. According to the morphological observation, as well as the physiological and biochemical indexes identification, the strain was identified as Sphaerotilus. The tubular heat exchanger dynamic simulation was used to study the biofouling formation with Iron Bacteria in circulating cooling water system. The experimental conditions were as follows: the water temperature 30 ± 0.2°C, the flow rate 0.4m / s. This paper selected Iron ion concentration, CODcr, pH value, ORP, temperature and the total number of bacteria as the effect factors of biofouling formation, researching the link between Iron Bacteria, water quality parameters and biofouling formation. The results show that: the existence and content of iron bacteria results in directly increasing of fouling resistance; interacting among the parameters, and together determining the formation of biofouling. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In view of the defects of the prediction model based on neural network, such as when doing prediction of nonlinear sequence, it is likely to fall into local hypo-strong point, and the rate of training is very slow. This paper presents a fuzzy wavelet neural network (FWNN) approach for annual electricity consumption in high energy consumption city. It is claimed that, due to high fluctuations of energy consumption in high energy consumption cities, conventional regression models do not forecast energy consumption correctly and precisely. Although ANNs have been typically used to forecast short term consumptions, this paper shows that it is a more precise approach to forecast annual electricity consumption. Furthermore, the FWNN approach based on ANN is used to show it can estimate the annual consumption with less error. Actual data from high energy consuming (intensive) from 1983 to 2003 is used to illustrate the applicability of the FWNN approach. This is the first study to present an algorithm based on the ANN and wavelet for forecasting long term electricity consumption in high energy consuming city. The prediction effect of wavelet neural network prediction model is proved in matlab7.0 simulation environment. A better prediction result is gained, and the defect of falling into local hypo-strongpoint is overcome, at the same time, the rate of training is raised compared with the prediction model based on artificial neural network. The calculation result shows that the presented model is effective. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A new kind of modulation strategy was put forward for on matrix converter (MC), which output voltage in open-loop control can not be adjusted automatically when a disturbance encountered. This paper presents an improved method which adopts the closed-loop control of the output voltage. First of all, the output voltage can be changed into space vector by coordinate transformation. Then, that compared with the target voltage vector to obtain deviation in order to feedback control. Finally, this paper carried out simulation on device modeling, control strategy and voltage closed loop control method using Matlab. Two kinds of interference, typically, are simulated and analyzed in two control ways, and the result shows that the closed-loop control is better than open-loop control, which has a good control effect for input disturbance.Keywords: MC; voltage closed-loop control; equivalent transformation; space vector modulation (SVM); simulation [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper proposes a grid-connected cascaded multi-level inverter used in centralized photovoltaic generation. Field programmable gate array (FPGA) is applied to implement the multichannel Carrier Phase Shifting Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation(CPS-SPWM) strategy for the inverter. Analysis and practical implementation of the regular sampled three-phase CPS-SPWM waveform has been presented in this paper. An ALRERA FPGA chip is employed to fulfill all the function of modules, such as divider module, triangular carrier generation module, sine wave generation module, comparing module, dead time module and so on. The simulation and experimental results show that the presentation of this grid-connected cascaded multi-level inverter used in the photovoltaic generation system is feasible. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The paper adopts standard k−ɛ turbulence model and other mathematical models, and completing the blending lignite combustion numerical simulation of 600 MW boiler of one power plant. Three conditions were simulated in this paper, and these three conditions were compared and analyzed, the basic conclusion is consistent with the test. The result shows that the combustion character of blending lignite is lower than burning soft coal. Burning lignite shows a decline furnace temperature, and the simulation results are consistent with the experimental results. Pay attention to adjust the reasonable operating manner, and the operation is safety and economic. At the same time this paper also provides a useful reference for researching tangentially fired boiler furnace process. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Aiming at the shortcomings appearing in the BP neural network method for obtaining the road surface power spectrum density, the paper applies a new cubic spline weight function neural network (CSWFNN) to the identification of road surface power spectrum density. First, a vibration model with four freedoms is established to simulate the actual vehicles. Subsequently, we deduce the nonlinear relationship between power spectrum density of the response and that of the excitation, and then acquire some input and output data. Next, a CSWFNN is built and trained until converges. In the end, the paper analyses the errors of CSWFNN in the identification of road surface power spectrum density. The results show that the proposed method in the paper successfully overcomes the deficiencies of BP neural network method, and consequently enhances the identification precision of road surface power spectrum density. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Electronic power is the most widely used energy, and its application degree has been a mark of country development level. This paper introduces a method of voltage fluctuation rate monitor by using virtual instrument technology. Because virtual instrument technology uses computer own hardware and design graphics procedure frame diagram software to complete, which has many advantages of the simple algorithm and fast speed, etc. Through simulating three-phase voltage of electronic power system, this paper completes voltage fluctuation rate monitor of electronic power system and electronic power quality judgment, as well as verifies accuracy of algorithm diagram procedure. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper described the structure of a Shunt Active Power Filter system and compared various methods of active power filter harmonic detection, then the improved adaptive algorithm was used in active power filter harmonic detection; as regards the control strategy, the control method that based on optimal voltage space vector hysteresis current was presented in this paper for tracking control, And by using Matlab/Simulink simulation software, the Adaptive filter detection system and control model of Three-phase three-wire Shunt Active Power Filter were established. Simulation results showed that the selected detection method and control strategy of harmonic current played a fairly good compensation role on the harmonics which was generated by nonlinear loads and had a good dynamic compensation performance. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: It is complicate to process the seismic data from the area below a fault, where there is the pull-up and sag phenomenon in seismic section. And geological processors are difficult to make sure whether the pull-up and sag really exist. So this phenomenon of pull-up and sag makes the fault shadow problem. This paper makes a forward simulation research deeply and presents many different geological models to execute forward numerical simulation. Many common processing flows and migration imaging methods are analyzed and used to overcome the fault shadow problem. At last, this paper concludes one fairly suitable method to resolve the fault shadow problem by comparing the different migration methods. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Efficient light trapping is essential for silicon thin-film solar cells. Excellent light trapping for silicon thin-film solar cells is achieved with randomly textured superstrates (TCO and/or glass). Due to a continuous and broad variation of occurring structure sizes in such textures, their optical simulation is challenging. In this paper we introduce an approach to establish a methodology for 3D optical simulation of silicon thin-film solar cells on randomly textured superstrates. The approach includes three steps. In a first step a fabricated structure is analysed to identify its typical geometric features. In a second step the single geometrical features are optically simulated using the rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA). The third step includes an investigation of how the results of the single features can be combined to describe the optical characteristics of the complete random structure. In this paper we concentrate on the first two steps. We introduce the analysis of an exemplary superstrate structure and investigate the optical properties of the single structure features. Preliminary results of this investigation are shown and a proposition of how to optimise the structure geometry is presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper presents a method of calculating an advance angle in order to increase the torque-to-current ratio of a brushless DC (BLDC) motor. The BLDC motor is widely used in various industrial fields because of its high energy density and low maintenance. Because the BLDC motor drives with a square-wave current of electrical 120 degrees duration, the phase current must be commuted every 60 electrical degrees of rotation. Owing to the inductance levels of the motor winding process, the commutation induces a phase lag and deviations from the ideal square-wave current form. These non-ideal characteristics reduce the torque-to-current ratio. Advancing the commutation timing can improve the torque-to-current ratio. This paper analyzes the torque performances of the BLDC motor and proposes a method of calculating the advance angle in order to improve the torque-to-current ratio. The simulation results of a 20W, 20,000rpm BLDC motor verify the effectiveness of the proposed calculation method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A large AC generator is an important component of the power system. Researches on the AC generator relaying for the next-generation ECMS and an efficient operation of protection control system are necessary. These require developments on detailed generator modeling and internal fault analysis, and prototyping for multifunctional IED device dedicated to next-generation production. In this paper, over-excitation relaying algorithm is one of the main protection elements which have an important role in DGPS(Digital Generator Protection System), was proposed. This paper first briefly introduces a principles of over-excitation and DFT-based gain compensation algorithm was adopted for the frequency measurement. Subsequently, protection scheme of over-excitation was presented. The 765[kV] modeling data of South Korea using EMTP-RV was used for simulations. The simulation result of over-excitation relaying are also provided. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The higher power microwave heating source, in the industrial and engineering needs, is obtained through inputting microwave energy of multi-open feed into cavity via near-field radiation, resulting in the coupling of each feed. Meanwhile, the initial situation, the ratio of fluid and the permittivity are highly nonlinear in the process of microwave heating during technical operation process by microwave heating process cycling fluid medium. This paper is presented an improved Anti-predatory Particle Swarm Optimization (APSO) algorithm to optimize the three parameters of PID controller, and is applied to control the complicated and coupling of microwave heating. It is shown through intelligent calculation and simulation experiments that the improved APSO has good performance. And this paper provides an alternative for control of multi-couple and uncertain objects in industry. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper presents an efficient algorithm for multi-objective distribution feeder reconfiguration based on Modified Honey Bee Mating Optimization (MHBMO) approach. The main objective of the Distribution feeder reconfiguration (DFR) is to minimize the real power loss, deviation of the nodes’ voltage. Because of the fact that the objectives are different and no commensurable, it is difficult to solve the problem by conventional approaches that may optimize a single objective. So the metahuristic algorithm has been applied to this problem. This paper describes the full algorithm to Objective functions paid, The results of simulations on a 32 bus distribution system is given and shown high accuracy and optimize the proposed algorithm in power loss minimization. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The numerical modeling of High Temperature Air Combustion (HTAC) could correctly predict the flame and emission characteristics so far, however, the precision is not satisfactory. In this paper, a parameter-modified Eddy-Break-Up (EBU) model with a three-step reaction scheme was used to simulate the HTAC process in a furnace of 2m ×2m×6.25m. Reynolds stress model (RSM) is used for the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. Comparison between experimental data from published papers, the original and modified EBU combustion models demonstrates that a smaller coefficient ‘A’ in the volumetric fuel consumption rate of the EBU model could improve the modelling precision. When ‘A’ is modified to be 1 other than its original value, 4, in the EBU model, the modeling could give improved results of the local distribution of CH4, temperature and NO emission. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Underwater robotic vehicles(URV) are employed to inspect subsea facilities. In order to deftly operate underwater robotic vehicles, firmly attached structure is required. The choice of docking point is very important. Multiple redockings caused by an inappropriate choice increases the duration and cost of the mission. This paper proposes a method to assist the URV operator identifying appropriate docking position in the context of a desired facile workspace. The method is consistent with classical procedures developed for industrial robotics. We propose a positioning strategy based on the task of intuitively determining docking positions. We take facility of operator as the optimization criterion. In this paper, the condition number of the operator is adopted as a measure of operator facility. This paper calculates joint limits and presents Theoretical analysis and simulation results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Underwater robotic vehicles(URV) are employed to inspect subsea facilities. In order to deftly operate underwater robotic vehicles, firmly attached structure is required. The choice of docking point is very important. Multiple redockings caused by an inappropriate choice increases the duration and cost of the mission. This paper proposes a method to assist the URV operator identifying appropriate docking position in the context of a desired facile workspace. The method is consistent with classical procedures developed for industrial robotics. We propose a positioning strategy based on the task of intuitively determining docking positions. We take facility of operator as the optimization criterion. In this paper, the condition number of the operator is adopted as a measure of operator facility. This paper calculates joint limits and presents Theoretical analysis and simulation results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper mainly focused on the surface-surface intersection problem in surface border modeling. This paper introduced the intersection testing algorithm to obtain the initial intersecting lines based on the Delaunay triangulation of two surfaces. After the detection of intersecting lines’ continuity, the “weighted surface border extension algorithm” was put forward to guarantee the continuity of intersecting lines. When the discrete data is deficiency, “weighted surface border extension algorithm” is applied to guarantee the existence of intersecting lines between the surfaces which have the tendency to intersect. This paper applied “weighted surface border extension algorithm” on the result of intersecting lines to guarantee that the endpoints of intersecting lines lie on the border of both surfaces, which can be convenient to the following Constrained Delaunay Triangulation and surface cutting steps. Simulation results showed the proposed algorithm was feasible. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A non-linear PID controller based on single-point suspension system was designed at first in this paper, and it was analyzed that its gain is higher than that of linear PID controller with little error. It is indicated by simulation that the dynamic performance of closed-loop system was satisfying when its load changed, so its robust performance of nonlinear PID controller is better than that of PID controller. Refined computation of levitation damping was discussed according to robust observer, which included normalization and digital processing of input signals. It was validated by experiment that single-bogy system can be stabilized by using the non-linear PID controller and damping designed in this paper, and the vehicle-coupled-guideway vibration was restrained, which proved that computation method of damping in this paper is correctly. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The important phenomenon called bullwhip effect suggests that demand variability increases as one moves up a supply chain. This paper starts with the Casual Loop Diagram (CLD) of each supply chain node. The system dynamics model of supply chain node is given. Based on this, the model of multi-stage supply chain consisting of manufacturer, distributor, wholesaler and retailer is given as well. The simulation results under the random demand show that remarkable bullwhip effect is exist. The paper analyzes the bullwhip effect in the condition of no demand information sharing and demand information sharing. The value of demand information sharing will be very high, and the reduce ratio of manufacturer, distributor and wholesaler is 65%, 64% and 62% respectively. But the bullwhip effect of retailer has a slight raise. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Considering problems in practical thermal units scheduling, such as ideal scheduling plan with high computation burden but low ability to be executed in real time, or easy scheduling rules but none economic targets satisfied, as well as newly requested environment protection conditions, three new scheduling strategies are proposed in this paper, which intend to give solutions on those issues, and make a balance between theoretic ideal solutions and real utilization. In the final part of this paper, simulations on a grid with 10 thermal units show differences between three proposed methods, and conclusions are made on which strategies should be taken under certain circumstances. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A fast development of high speed railways is witnessed in recent years as well as the performance of its wireless communication systems, GSM-R. In GSM-R systems, a large percentage of call outage is induced by handoff process. Thus, handover is a critical issue of reliability performance in GSM-R systems. Most of existing investigation and practical designs for handover in GSM-R systems are mainly based on single antenna without considering the specificity of the train as hard handover. In this paper, we take full use of the length of the train and propose a novel scheme of seamless fast handover based on Dual-Antenna. In this scheme, two antennas are respectively installed at the head and the end of the train and the proper coordination of the two antennas turn it to a soft handover. In the interlacing area of two antenna cells, the head antenna handover in advance while the end antenna connects to the current cell until the front antenna connect the new cell reliably. In this way, we can achieve a seamless and fast soft handover. This paper introduces the details of the scheme and analyzes the feasibility. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is more efficient than existing schemes in terms of handover delay and reliability. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the method and process of using 3S technology on a landscape engineering project. Through a case study on the Bailin landscape construction project in Tsukuba, Japan, this paper argues that strengthening the drafting capabilities of 3S technology (e.g., comprehensive database management, mapping, landscape simulation, and data updating) will create the type of integrated platform for engineering design and management needed to increase the efficiency of landscape engineering projects. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper investigates the automatic quantification of the quality of video flows transmitted over packet network in real-time, based on the quality as perceived by final users. Only subjective evaluations give good perceive quality but they are not automatic. On the other hand, Objective evaluations need the received and the original video at the same time in the same place, so it is not possible to use them in a real-time passive test environment, besides, they often provide assessments that do not correlate well with human perception. In this paper, our goal is to propose a hybrid approach combined with subjective and objective evaluation. Firstly, we use simulation experiment sample to get the relationship between the perceive quality and the parameters by the method of BP Neural Networks, then fetch the correlate parameters at the received video flow in real time, together with the trained BP Neural Networks, outcome the perceive quality automatically. The approach offers a lightweight video quality assessing solution suitable for real-time video quality monitoring. At the same time, because of the consideration of the own characters of the video sequence, the quality is accurate than before. The feasibility and accuracy are demonstrated by the simulations and experiments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: According to a nonlinear current-voltage characteristic Photovoltaic for exploitation of this optimization we need to track maximum output instantly. The aim of this paper is to search maximum power point (MPP) Based on the Type2 Fuzzy logic controller (T2FLC) which is a novel method in maximum power point tracking (MPPT). Solar cells’ MPP varies with solar insolation and ambient temperature. With the improved efficiencies of power electronics converters, it is now possible to operate photovoltaic (PV) power systems at its MPP in order to improve the overall system efficiency. This paper presents a T2FLC method for tracking MPP in photovoltaic power systems and the control system is established simultaneously. The results of simulation show that the T2FLC significantly improves the robustness of controller''s PV during the tracking phase as compared to a conventional type1 fuzzy logic control (T1FLC) in present of noise in photovoltaic power systems. This noise maybe insert to system when voltage and current are measured. We show that the results obtained with T2FLC are better than the ones obtained with the T1FLC method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The paper adopts the method of modularized modeling, creating an electro-mechanic simulation model for a Microturbine Generation System (MTGS), including the micro-turbine engine, permanent magnetic synchronous generator, rectifier and inverter. In this paper, control strategy for grid-connected and islanding operations of a micro-turbine generation system is researched, the former adopts output voltage control strategy to maintain the output voltage of the load, and the latter adopts a dual closed-loop control algorithm based on PQ decoupling. A new control strategy to regulate the output power of MTGS based on the combination of decoupled control of output voltage and hysteresis current control is also introduced. Simulations have been done, and result proves the feasibility of the strategy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper presents a fast optimal generator shedding algorithm which is on the basis of predictor-corrector method and time domain simulation for transient stability. It includes two parts that are the fast time domain simulation and optimal generator shedding. On the basis of the generator''s classical model and load''s constant impedance model, this paper use fourth-order Hamming predictor-correction formula to compute differential equations of the system with large step length, in order to improve computing speed. The second part shows how to calculate the sensitivity of transient stability constraint function to control variables, by the application of optimal control theory. Combined with the discrete characteristics of generator shedding, “Micro-step discrete method” is proposed, which is fast, accurate and so on. The advantages of this method are verified by analysis results of New England 39-bus test system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The double-loop strong coupling problem was existed in the model of some power devices under dq coordinate system. So the entirely decoupling control of UPQC is impracticability. A novel decoupling method is proposed in the paper and the entirely decoupling model of UPQC is achieved. But the paper is not detailed the design of control system. The UPQC can be controlled by open-loop manner and close-loop manner. Its series part can work as either controlled voltage source mode or controlled current source mode. So is the shunt part. Four detailed control strategies were proposed under two control manners and two control modes. The control results of four control strategies are simulated. It can be proved that every control strategy can realize the control goal and the comparison of them is detailed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Realistic electromagnetic signal environment simulation plays a activate role in the tactical performance test of electronic countermeasure equipments. Aiming at simulating communication and navigation signal in complex electromagnetic environment, the paper proposed communication and navigation signal simulation program based on the introduction of frequency synthesis technology and orthogonal multi-waveform synthesis principle. The program was also be verified with simulation. Simulation result show that the waveform arrived by the method proposed in the paper has a good similarity with that obtained with natural overlay method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Besides illumination calculating during architecture and luminous environment design, to provide more varieties of photometric data, the paper presents combining relation between luminous environment design and SM light environment measuring system, which contains a set of experiment devices including light information collecting and processing modules, and can offer us various types of photometric data. During the research process, we introduced a simulation method for calibration, which mainly includes rebuilding experiment scenes in 3ds Max Design, calibrating this computer aid design software in simulated environment under conditions of various typical light sources, and fitting the exposure curves of rendered images. As analytical research went on, the operation sequence and points for attention during the simulated calibration were concluded, connections between Mental Ray renderer and SM light environment measuring system were established as well. From the paper, valuable reference conception for coordination between luminous environment design and SM light environment measuring system was pointed out. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper studies the vehicle rollover warning based on the vehicle running state parameters which are easy for collecting. By taking advantages of neural network and support vector machine, this paper analyzes the probabilities of the vehicle rollover in the scenario of single lane change and establishes a warning model which could predict the rollover 0.4seconds in advance for a particular type of vehicle. According to the validation experiments on Ve- DYNA which is a vehicle dynamic simulation software, the results validate the warning model''s good performance with the maximum error as 0.04 second and no missing cases which indicates its validity for rollover warning. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In the present paper, a new CA-based model considering the following car horning is established and is analyzed in great detail. Firstly, how the following car horning can influence the traffic system is discussed. Secondly, by applying the cross-covariance method, proper parameters are indicated to explore the phase transition features of the model. The results show that the model proposed in this paper can simulate complex and realistic traffic phenomena. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The sustainable development of resource and environment is the main content of the scientific concept of development and it has become a necessary condition for harmonious society. This paper builds an ecologicaleconomic system model containing natural capital by employing an endogenous economic growth model with natural capital and environmental protection investment, then analyzes the model''s dynamic behavior and imitates the behavior. At the same time, this paper discusses how the economic output is imp acted by the proportion of investment allocation in economic system. The results show that the complexity of ecological-economic system makes a huge difference in the system behavior in the short and long term. Only in the conditions of the certain proportion of environmental protection investment allocation, can the whole economy –ecological system grow steadily in long-term stability and develop sustainably. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The storage of CO2 in deep saline aquifers is due to the large available capacities and the common occurrence of these formations one of the major options for carbon dioxide sequestration. Besides the multiphase flow aspects geochemical, thermal and mechanical processes may alter the conditions within the reservoir as well as in the cap rock. Whereas single aspects of these processes can be investigated with experiments a multi-process simulator allows evaluating their combined consequences for the storage system over short and long time scales. In this paper the newly coupled software ECLIPSE-OpenGeoSys is presented that allows a combined simulation of multiphase flow, transport and geochemical reactions. ECLIPSE provides a fast and efficient solution for the multiphase flow whereas the open-source scientific software OpenGeoSys is used for calculating transport and geochemical reactions. This paper presents the code structure of the interface. Furthermore the coupled software is successfully applied to benchmarks [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A significant number of efforts are underway to develop and assess technologies that will lead to technically and economically viable routes to reduce the CO2 emissions of fossil energy systems, particularly coal-fired power plants. Developing technologies to reduce emissions from these sources is essential for controlling atmospheric levels of CO2 because of the widespread reliance on coal as an inexpensive and abundant energy source. Two major systems-level design challenges exist. The first is how to design new plants that incorporate CCS technology. The second is how to retrofit existing plants to capture CO2. Both design challenges can benefit from an optimization approach, which considers the application of multiple potential technologies and analyzes ways in which the whole plant-wide system can be integrated to increase overall efficiency. This paper will present a modular framework for the analysis and optimization of power generation systems with CCS that helps to meet these design challenges. In order to more completely understand the economic and operational tradeoffs associated with the various potential carbon capture technologies, and how they can be applied to new and existing plants, a unified, systemic framework has been developed to provide a common basis for evaluation. Given the complexity of the design problem and the fact that new technologies are continually being developed, this framework is modular in nature and incorporates algorithms for the selection, integration and optimization of carbon capture technologies for both new and existing plants. In addition to the framework itself, this paper discusses simulation modules representing various capture technologies and power plant components. The framework provides the means to link the various modules together in order to provide a holistic, systems perspective of plant wide operations. Results of analyses and optimization scenarios performed with the framework are also presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper examines, with reservoir simulation, the impact of applying “best practices” and capitalizing on reservoir architecture to restrict CO2 plume movement and maximize reservoir storage capacity. Specifically, the paper explores the value gained from using horizontal CO2 injection wells and taking advantage of any existing shale “baffles” in conjunction with other reservoir characteristics that influence flow such as capillary pressure, pore volume trapping, and CO2 dissolution. Recent geologic and reservoir data collected from the Tuscaloosa Formation at the Mississippi Test Site (a Southeastern Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership CO2 sequestration pilot test) will be used as the case study for evaluating alternative CO2 injection and storage engineering concepts. The Tuscaloosa Formation is a thick, porous, permeable, regionally extensive saline reservoir occurring throughout the Gulf Coast and is considered a high priority setting for large-scale CO2 storage. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Modelling CO2 storage in saline aquifers on a reservoir scale, for example, for feasibility studies and risk analyses is very demanding with respect to computational cost due to the complex geometries that need to be described and due to the diversity of interacting hydraulic, thermal, mechanical, and geochemical processes. In most cases it is not necessary to be able to describe all these processes for the whole simulation time period or for the entire model domain. Within this paper it is outlined how model coupling could help in reducing the model complexity and increasing model efficiency while the relevant processes are still taken into account. Since the work on this topic is at an early stage, this paper is restricted to a discussion of coupling concepts. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Oxyfuel combustion is one of the promising technologies to enable CCS for new and existing coal-fired power plants. For retrofit applications, oxyfuel is an attractive option because it does not have major impact on the boiler-turbine steam cycle. This paper presents a case study for retrofitting oxyfuel combustion technology in large state-of-the-art power plants that are originally commissioned and operated in air-fired mode. The overall process design for the modified power plant is outlined; necessary modifications of relevant components are explained. The paper also discusses results of experiments and numerical calculations on combustion behavior in the furnace. Retrofit measures ensure that the power stations still can run under both air-fired and oxyfuel-fired conditions if required by regulations/market conditions. This provides additional operational and commercial benefits for the operator of the plant and reduces the technical risk of implementing new components and processes not yet proven in the power sector. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The paper presents a control strategy concept for a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) to work in Distributed Generation. The control strategy is based on several factors and directs the operation of the SOFC in the context of changes occurring in the market, while taking into account the operating characteristics of the power unit. The control strategy is defined by an appropriate objective function: for example, work at maximum profit, maximum service life, etc. The results of simulations of a fuel cell at chosen loads are presented. Daily changes in the prices of fuel and electricity are factored into the simulations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Technology safety represents a key enabling factor for the commercial use of hydrogen within the automotive industry. In the last years considerable pre-normative and normative research effort has produced regulations at national, European and global level, as well as international standards. Their validation is at the moment on going internationally. Additional research is required to improve this regulatory and standardization frame, which is also expected to have a beneficial effect on cost and product optimization. The present paper addresses results related to the experimental assessment and modeling of safety performance of high pressure onboard storage. To simulate the lifetime of onboard hydrogen tanks, commercial tanks have been subjected to filling-emptying cycles encompassing a fast-filling phase as prescribed by the European regulation on type-approval of hydrogen vehicles. The local temperature history inside the tanks has been measured and compared with the temperature outside at the tank metallic bosses, which is the measurement location identified by the regulation. Experimental activities are complemented by computational fluid-dynamics (CFD) modeling of the fast- filling process, by means of a numerical model previously validated. The outcome of these activities is a set of scientifically based data which will serve as input to future regulations and standards improvement. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Online state classification of PEM fuel cell systems is a challenging task. While electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the measurement of the 1kHz impedance, cyclic voltammetry, and the polarisation curve are the state-of-the-art in laboratory testing, it is hardly possible to install these analytic methods in application-oriented fuel cell systems. The necessary technical equipment is expensive, and hybridisation would be essential to create artificial operating conditions necessary during the measurement. A more economic solution for online state classification is the integration of a real-time model-based state classifier. A model, operating in parallel to the fuel cell, is able to provide extra information about the fuel cell such as the humidity of the membrane, which is not measurable in situ. On the other hand, online comparison of measurement data with the theoretical calculation allows us to detect malfunction of components. Based on a detailed model and a complex classification database, including error states of the system, it is possible to classify the state of a fuel cell or detect system errors. The voltage drift between classical physical models and a real fuel cell caused by irreversible degradation (platinum diversion, membrane thinning, carbon corrosion) and reversible degradation (contamination) is not yet completely understood, and therefore modelling so far remains imprecise. To avoid the misinterpretation caused by these constantly growing differences between the model and the reality, the described modelling approach has been focused on dynamic fuel cell reactions. Dynamic step responses of the fuel cell for abruptly changing operation conditions are being simulated in real time. The changing operation conditions may result from a real load cycle or, as for theses analyses, by forced stoichiometric steps. The comparison of the real and the simulated step responses is the basis for the state classifier and the controller to react. A conclusion of the series of measurement is shown, the model and its parameters are presented, and the opportunities of the state classifier and controller are discussed in this paper. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Our commitment is the development of an industrial-grade Class AAA solar simulator based on LED technology . Presently, the LEDSim™ covers the full wavelength range of interest for Si-PV with an extension in the UV, matching AM1.5g from 350nm to 1100nm. To achieve user-defined target spectra we apply 22 different LED packages including several uncommon types. We present a measured spectrum tuned to AM1.5g. It follows from rare lifetime information for some LED species that we need to set a strong focus on reliability determination for our lightheads. In this paper we show how we confirm the lifetime promise of the LED technology with reliability testing. Modern design-for-reliability methods are taken into account in order to increase the reliability of the LEDSim™. Beam shaping and homogeneity are key functions of a sun simulator, and a large effort is made on achieving Class A homogeneity for each wavelength interval as specified in IEC 60904-9 . We are testing different kinds of LED optics and add mirror channels to achieve the best relation between homogeneity and intensity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Offshore power systems will be characterized by a large penetration of power electronics converters and power cables, resulting in complex behaviors that can be quite different from traditional AC systems. Analyzing such systems is challenging due to their complexity and the relative lack of experience. In this context, performing laboratory tests in scaled down model network have significant relevance to verify simulation models and to test equipment and control methods in a controlled environment. The design of the laboratory needs to be a compromise between the capability to accurately reproduce the real system behavior and the practical constraints on ease of use, equipment size, cost and safety. This paper summarizes the main design considerations for a laboratory infrastructure dedicated to research of future offshore grids and the possible challenges. The laboratory facility developed jointly by NTNU (Norwegian University of Science and Technology) and SINTEF Energy Research is described with examples of the experimental possibilities. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper discusses the modeling and control of Voltage Source Converter High Voltage Direct Current (VSC HVDC) systems in a multi-terminal configuration (MTDC). Both steady-state interactions, as well as transient stability modeling and control are addressed. Simulation results show that adequately modelling the DC voltage droop characteristics or a distributed voltage control in both the power flow algorithm and in the transient stability models allows to simulate the steady-state results of the dynamic simulation by means of power flow software algorithms. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]