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Abstract: Technology safety represents a key enabling factor for the commercial use of hydrogen within the automotive industry. In the last years considerable pre-normative and normative research effort has produced regulations at national, European and global level, as well as international standards. Their validation is at the moment on going internationally. Additional research is required to improve this regulatory and standardization frame, which is also expected to have a beneficial effect on cost and product optimization. The present paper addresses results related to the experimental assessment and modeling of safety performance of high pressure onboard storage. To simulate the lifetime of onboard hydrogen tanks, commercial tanks have been subjected to filling-emptying cycles encompassing a fast-filling phase as prescribed by the European regulation on type-approval of hydrogen vehicles. The local temperature history inside the tanks has been measured and compared with the temperature outside at the tank metallic bosses, which is the measurement location identified by the regulation. Experimental activities are complemented by computational fluid-dynamics (CFD) modeling of the fast- filling process, by means of a numerical model previously validated. The outcome of these activities is a set of scientifically based data which will serve as input to future regulations and standards improvement. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The paper presents a control strategy concept for a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) to work in Distributed Generation. The control strategy is based on several factors and directs the operation of the SOFC in the context of changes occurring in the market, while taking into account the operating characteristics of the power unit. The control strategy is defined by an appropriate objective function: for example, work at maximum profit, maximum service life, etc. The results of simulations of a fuel cell at chosen loads are presented. Daily changes in the prices of fuel and electricity are factored into the simulations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Online state classification of PEM fuel cell systems is a challenging task. While electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the measurement of the 1kHz impedance, cyclic voltammetry, and the polarisation curve are the state-of-the-art in laboratory testing, it is hardly possible to install these analytic methods in application-oriented fuel cell systems. The necessary technical equipment is expensive, and hybridisation would be essential to create artificial operating conditions necessary during the measurement. A more economic solution for online state classification is the integration of a real-time model-based state classifier. A model, operating in parallel to the fuel cell, is able to provide extra information about the fuel cell such as the humidity of the membrane, which is not measurable in situ. On the other hand, online comparison of measurement data with the theoretical calculation allows us to detect malfunction of components. Based on a detailed model and a complex classification database, including error states of the system, it is possible to classify the state of a fuel cell or detect system errors. The voltage drift between classical physical models and a real fuel cell caused by irreversible degradation (platinum diversion, membrane thinning, carbon corrosion) and reversible degradation (contamination) is not yet completely understood, and therefore modelling so far remains imprecise. To avoid the misinterpretation caused by these constantly growing differences between the model and the reality, the described modelling approach has been focused on dynamic fuel cell reactions. Dynamic step responses of the fuel cell for abruptly changing operation conditions are being simulated in real time. The changing operation conditions may result from a real load cycle or, as for theses analyses, by forced stoichiometric steps. The comparison of the real and the simulated step responses is the basis for the state classifier and the controller to react. A conclusion of the series of measurement is shown, the model and its parameters are presented, and the opportunities of the state classifier and controller are discussed in this paper. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Our commitment is the development of an industrial-grade Class AAA solar simulator based on LED technology . Presently, the LEDSim™ covers the full wavelength range of interest for Si-PV with an extension in the UV, matching AM1.5g from 350nm to 1100nm. To achieve user-defined target spectra we apply 22 different LED packages including several uncommon types. We present a measured spectrum tuned to AM1.5g. It follows from rare lifetime information for some LED species that we need to set a strong focus on reliability determination for our lightheads. In this paper we show how we confirm the lifetime promise of the LED technology with reliability testing. Modern design-for-reliability methods are taken into account in order to increase the reliability of the LEDSim™. Beam shaping and homogeneity are key functions of a sun simulator, and a large effort is made on achieving Class A homogeneity for each wavelength interval as specified in IEC 60904-9 . We are testing different kinds of LED optics and add mirror channels to achieve the best relation between homogeneity and intensity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper discusses the modeling and control of Voltage Source Converter High Voltage Direct Current (VSC HVDC) systems in a multi-terminal configuration (MTDC). Both steady-state interactions, as well as transient stability modeling and control are addressed. Simulation results show that adequately modelling the DC voltage droop characteristics or a distributed voltage control in both the power flow algorithm and in the transient stability models allows to simulate the steady-state results of the dynamic simulation by means of power flow software algorithms. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Offshore power systems will be characterized by a large penetration of power electronics converters and power cables, resulting in complex behaviors that can be quite different from traditional AC systems. Analyzing such systems is challenging due to their complexity and the relative lack of experience. In this context, performing laboratory tests in scaled down model network have significant relevance to verify simulation models and to test equipment and control methods in a controlled environment. The design of the laboratory needs to be a compromise between the capability to accurately reproduce the real system behavior and the practical constraints on ease of use, equipment size, cost and safety. This paper summarizes the main design considerations for a laboratory infrastructure dedicated to research of future offshore grids and the possible challenges. The laboratory facility developed jointly by NTNU (Norwegian University of Science and Technology) and SINTEF Energy Research is described with examples of the experimental possibilities. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The paper presents selected results of a dynamic non-linear model that simulates critical factors in the diffusion of demand-side energy saving equipment. The modelling exercise is customised to the particular characteristics of the Greek islands of the Aegean Sea. Through a sample set of alternative diffusion scenarios, it tests socio-economic and techno-economic system behaviour providing helpful insights in market development and programme design in the wider energy policy debate on effective introduction of new technology. The paper discusses the usefulness of simulation modelling along critical interactions and feedbacks among policy makers (government), the utility operator, consumers and the adopters. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper presents a study analysis of a wind energy conversion system (WECS) based on a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) connected to the electric power grid. The aim of the work is to apply and compare the dynamic performances of two types of controllers (namely, classical PI and Fuzzy-PI) for the WECS in terms of tracking and robustness with respect to the wind fluctuation as well as the impact on the quality of the energy produced. A vector control with stator flux orientation of the DFIG is also presented to control the active and reactive powers between the stator and the grid, and further to achieve maximum wind energy capturing. To show the effectiveness of the control method performances analysis of the system are analyzed and compared by simulation in terms of the performances ofthe machine. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, direct torque control (DTC) algorithms for double star permanent magnet synchronous machine alimented by two inverters is described. The double star permanent magnet synchronous machine has two sets of three-phase stator windings spatially shifted up by an angle γ=300. The double star permanent magnet synchronous is used in areas of high power industrial applications such as traction and naval propulsion. Because constitute an advantageous choice compared to classical synchronous machine, because of the relatively low torque produced. This machine is controlled by tree level direct torque with speed regulator PI, replaced by the sliding mode regulator to improve the results obtained. The implementation of the DTC multi-level applied to a double star permanent magnet synchronous machine is validated with simulated results. In this paper a method for modeling and simulation of double star permanent magnet synchronous motor drive MATLAB/Simulink. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Photovoltaic generators involve many systems operating together. The illumination on a PV generator (PVG) is neither homogeneous nor constant. Some fluctuations in the illumination intensities and spectra, due by example to shadows, with various dynamic, can occur on the PV panels which constitute a big problem for the inverter to determine precisely the position of the Maximum Power Point (MPP) for an optimal and efficient power transfer. So it is very important to analyse the dynamics behaviour of such systems by using electronic simulation tools like ORCAD®, PROTEUS® etc. It is also interesting to consider the possibility to connect PV panels to smart DC/DC converters in order to provide a High DC Voltage (HVDC) bus. The goal of the present paper is to determine very precisely the dynamic response of a PV system with a high global efficiency. In order to easily simulate a global system including PV panel(s) converter(s) and load, with consideration of small partial shading onto the surface, it is advantageous to minimize the number of basic components in the schematics used for the simulation. This allows a better computing convergence on a short simulation time. In the present contribution, a novel global model representing the behaviour of a string, a panel or a PVG in Direct and Inverse biasing modes is studied. Moreover, this model gives a good restitution of a PVG behaviour in case of partial shading. It is also compared with a standard string of photovoltaic cells. The solar-cell model used for this study is a Direct and Reverse Mode (DRM) model, published in previous paper, which integrates the second quadrant corresponding to the reverse operating mode. In partial shading of PV systems the proposed model allows to have a good approximation of the I-V characteristics curves on PV panels with easier an efficient simulation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A detailed mathematical simulation and experimental investigation of airflow in solar chimneys is studied in this paper. Several experimental studies were carried out on the solar chimney; their choice depends on the parameter of the design and the thermal performances for different geometrical configurations. The experimental tests show that the field speeds in the chimney is influenced by the width of the channel and also of the angle of inclination of the chimney. Therefore, investigations have been carried out in this paper to find the effect of inclination on the performance of solar chimney in Ouargla Province, Algeria. The simulation of this problem is implemented into the commercial CFD code Fluent 6.3. 26. The conservation equations of mass, continuity and energy are solved by the Finite Volume Method. The validation of the results is presented. An good agreement between the experimental results and simulation ones is observed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The hybrid controls are the controls combining several techniques. Their purpose is to benefit from performance of each of these techniques. The control proposed in this paper is based on this hybrid approach; combining the performances of the controls which are based on the tools of the artificial intelligence (artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic) applied to control the single-phase induction machine without capacitor supplied by voltage source inverter. The application of this approach to the single-phase induction machine is a contribution to the study of this machine. Indeed, this type of machine has not yet taken its whole share from various works present until now, compared to the three-phase induction machine. The simulation results show the feasibility and good performance obtained by the proposed control. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The paper adopts standard k−ɛ turbulence model and other mathematical models, and completing the blending lignite combustion numerical simulation of 600 MW boiler of one power plant. Three conditions were simulated in this paper, and these three conditions were compared and analyzed, the basic conclusion is consistent with the test. The result shows that the combustion character of blending lignite is lower than burning soft coal. Burning lignite shows a decline furnace temperature, and the simulation results are consistent with the experimental results. Pay attention to adjust the reasonable operating manner, and the operation is safety and economic. At the same time this paper also provides a useful reference for researching tangentially fired boiler furnace process. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper evaluates three-dimensional turbulent flow and convective heat transfer through mixing split vane in a single-phase and steady-state sub-channel of AP1000 nuclear reactor core by using general computational fluid dynamics code, Fluent6.3.26.Realizable K-ɛ model is used as a turbulent closure model, and the sub-channel is analyzed by numerical simulation. The results show that the mixing split vanes, which affect strongly the heat transfer in the sub-channel, are lateral flow, swirl and turbulent intensity between the sub-channels, and give reasonable agreements with experimental equations and AP1000 thermal hydraulic design. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper proposes a grid-connected cascaded multi-level inverter used in centralized photovoltaic generation. Field programmable gate array (FPGA) is applied to implement the multichannel Carrier Phase Shifting Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation(CPS-SPWM) strategy for the inverter. Analysis and practical implementation of the regular sampled three-phase CPS-SPWM waveform has been presented in this paper. An ALRERA FPGA chip is employed to fulfill all the function of modules, such as divider module, triangular carrier generation module, sine wave generation module, comparing module, dead time module and so on. The simulation and experimental results show that the presentation of this grid-connected cascaded multi-level inverter used in the photovoltaic generation system is feasible. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper analyzes the effect of air-gap changes, loading currents, claw-pole and angle between driving wheel and driven wheel on electro-magnetic gears torque. ANSYS simulation result shows: torque decreases geometrically with the increase of the working air gap thickness, with the internal gear air-gap decrease with circumferential air-gap between the claw-poles, with the increase of loading current before the magnetic saturation, while it decreases rapidly with the claw-pole number, with the reduce of length-diameter ratio. It can also increase with the increase of the claw-pole thickness at the first half of the claw and the angle between driving wheel and driven wheel, but decrease with the increase of the claw-pole thickness at the second half of the claw .this is similar to the characteristic of sine. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A new kind of modulation strategy was put forward for on matrix converter (MC), which output voltage in open-loop control can not be adjusted automatically when a disturbance encountered. This paper presents an improved method which adopts the closed-loop control of the output voltage. First of all, the output voltage can be changed into space vector by coordinate transformation. Then, that compared with the target voltage vector to obtain deviation in order to feedback control. Finally, this paper carried out simulation on device modeling, control strategy and voltage closed loop control method using Matlab. Two kinds of interference, typically, are simulated and analyzed in two control ways, and the result shows that the closed-loop control is better than open-loop control, which has a good control effect for input disturbance.Keywords: MC; voltage closed-loop control; equivalent transformation; space vector modulation (SVM); simulation [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In view of the defects of the prediction model based on neural network, such as when doing prediction of nonlinear sequence, it is likely to fall into local hypo-strong point, and the rate of training is very slow. This paper presents a fuzzy wavelet neural network (FWNN) approach for annual electricity consumption in high energy consumption city. It is claimed that, due to high fluctuations of energy consumption in high energy consumption cities, conventional regression models do not forecast energy consumption correctly and precisely. Although ANNs have been typically used to forecast short term consumptions, this paper shows that it is a more precise approach to forecast annual electricity consumption. Furthermore, the FWNN approach based on ANN is used to show it can estimate the annual consumption with less error. Actual data from high energy consuming (intensive) from 1983 to 2003 is used to illustrate the applicability of the FWNN approach. This is the first study to present an algorithm based on the ANN and wavelet for forecasting long term electricity consumption in high energy consuming city. The prediction effect of wavelet neural network prediction model is proved in matlab7.0 simulation environment. A better prediction result is gained, and the defect of falling into local hypo-strongpoint is overcome, at the same time, the rate of training is raised compared with the prediction model based on artificial neural network. The calculation result shows that the presented model is effective. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The Purposes of this paper describes Gezhouba to Nanqiao rectifier direct current transmission project PI controller, through the intelligent control theory and the combination of the traditional PI controller are intelligent controller—HVDC fuzzy-PI controller, using the improved genetic algorithm domain Fuzzy- PI controller''s language of control theory. The result of improved intelligent controller has a simple structure, fast response characteristics. Using MATLAB / SIULIKMN the fuzzy toolbox and genetic algorithm toolbox for system simulation, simulation results show that the Conclusions of the intelligent controller has better adaptability and dynamic features to improve the robustness of the system and transient stability for the intelligent control of high voltage DC reference [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle and Electric Vehicle (PHEV/EV) are taking a greater share in the personal automobile market, their high penetration levels may bring potential challenges to electric utility especially at the distribution level. Thus, there is a need for a flexible charging management strategy to compromise the benefits of both PHEV/EVs owners and power grid side. There are many different management methods that depend on objective function and the constraints caused by the system. In this paper, the schema and dispatching schedule of centralized PHEV/EV charging spot network are analyzed. Also, we proposed and compared three power allocation strategies for centralized charging spot network. The first strategy aims to maximize state of charge (SoC) of vehicles at plug-out time, the rest methods are equalized allocation and prioritized allocation based on vehicles SoC. The simulation shows that each run of the optimized algorithms can produce good results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In order to investigate the typical scale microbial Iron Bacteria of growth properties in circulating cooling water and water quality parameters factors on biofouling formation, this paper is purposed to deal with the slime which was obtained from the cooling tower bottom of circulating water, then a pure strain of Iron Bacteria was obtained through the separation, purification and enrichment culture. According to the morphological observation, as well as the physiological and biochemical indexes identification, the strain was identified as Sphaerotilus. The tubular heat exchanger dynamic simulation was used to study the biofouling formation with Iron Bacteria in circulating cooling water system. The experimental conditions were as follows: the water temperature 30 ± 0.2°C, the flow rate 0.4m / s. This paper selected Iron ion concentration, CODcr, pH value, ORP, temperature and the total number of bacteria as the effect factors of biofouling formation, researching the link between Iron Bacteria, water quality parameters and biofouling formation. The results show that: the existence and content of iron bacteria results in directly increasing of fouling resistance; interacting among the parameters, and together determining the formation of biofouling. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A control method to make the chaotic gait converge to a stable cycle gait is proposed for the biped robot with knees. This control method is called adaptive excitation control. It is based on the principle of bionics and the principle of self-excited. The control law is a combination of sinusoidal input and sensory feedback control. The control torque is only inputted into the robot''s hip. Therefore, the walking process is low energy consuming. Simulation results show that the control method proposed in this paper is effective. It can enlarge the basin of attraction of limit cycle and increase the gait stability. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Frequency is an important parameter of a power system, and frequency measurement is a very important link in a power system measurement device. This paper compared the accuracy of the Fourier frequency measurement algorithm with different sampling period, chose the method of whole cycle to improve. Calculated based on the empirical model and used the least error squares fitting the error compensation curve to correct the result and get a new algorithm in frequency measurement which is convenient in calculation, high precision and real-time because it need only 2 sampling cycle and does not increase the complexity. The simulation results show the frequency value measured by improved algorithm is highly accurate and can be applied in a quick arc-suppressing system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper uses Diffuser Augmented Wind Turbine for reference. According to the characteristics of ocean current movement, this paper gives several dome model programs for the straight blade vertical-axis tidal turbine. Make use of it to increase its output power. This paper gives several dome model programs for the straight blade vertical-axis tidal turbine. And optimum scheme is chosen by numerical simulation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In order to handle the situation of power system grounding fault better, this paper built the mathematical model of power system resonance grounding fault based on the resonance grounding principle. And simulated the resonance processes by using MATLAB/SIMULINK/ SIMPOWERSYSTEM (SPS) software. The obtained results show that there will appear zero sequence current at each point of power system when the grounding faults occurrs. And if the circuit has the point of biggest amplitude of zero sequence current, then it is just the fault phases. The simulation data further verified that arc suppression coil grounding could directly decreases the grounding current when the single-phase grounding fault occurred. Moreover, it effectively eliminates the arc from the process and becomes the more reasonable grounding mode. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Based on finite element theory, using FLUENT software and three-dimensional model to simulate liquid metal free surface and temperature field of casting filling process numerically. Boundary and initial conditions, such as velocity, pressure, temperature, etc., was reasonably set. The feasibility of using FLUENT to simulate three-dimensional casting was studied; the fluctuation of molten metal free surface was observed; the temperature distribution data on the end of filling was recorded, for further numerical simulation of casting solidification process which provided an accurate initial condition. This paper also predicted defects on casting filling process, and provided a basis for process optimization. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper analysis the cushion performance of the bucket unit for molded pulp material model, which based on the ANSYS software to simulate the compression test and study the effect variety of the draft angle and the height on the model. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In consideration of influencing factors of biofouling in the cooling water system, a new method of dynamic analog test of cooling water biofouling resistance for shell-tube heat exchanger was presented. The test conditions are as follows: the tube material and process are identical, the water temperature(30 ̊C) and flow rate (0.4m.s-1) both are constant. According to the degree of influence of pH, conductivity, total number of bacteria, dissolved oxygen, TN, NH3-N on the fouling resistance, this paper selected these water quality factors as the input variable, fouling resistance as the output variable, found a prediction model of cooling water fouling resistance based on Least Squares Support Vector Machine(LS-SVM). Data from another running period was used to verify model prediction accuracy. The mean square error of prediction model is 3.768%; the BP neural network is 9.223%. The results show that the LS-SVM model is pithily, and it has better extensive capability than traditional methods. The new method can be viewed as a new approach to advance the development of cooling water treatment technology and improve the prediction accuracy of the biofouling resistance. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Aimming at the control problem of generator excitation system, this paper brings forward a kind of nonlinear PID controller. The controller''s proportional, integral and differential values are nonlinear functions of error function that the algorithm is simple and easy to realize. Simulation results show that the generation excitation system designed with this controller is much better than the traditional PID controller. It solves contradiction between rapidity and overshoot and then the dynamic performance and control accuracy of terminal voltage have been improved. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, an automobile clutch plate test system is designed. According to the big disturbance torque and high requirement of control accuracy, a compound sliding mode controller is proposed to control the system based on Kalman filter. The simulation shows that compared with the compound PID,this algorithm has high steady accuracy, tracking accuracy and a fast response speed, and the controller with the Kalman filter can eliminate the random noise and the industrial frequency disturbance. The measurement results show that the accuracy and efficiency have been improved and the test system is working stably and credibly. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, we present an improved ant colony optimization (ACO) and we use it to solve the generalized traveling salesman problem (GTSP). We design a novel optimized implementation approach to reduce the processing costs involved with routing of ants in the conventional ACO, and we also improved the performance of the ACO by using individual variation strategy. Simulation results show the speed and convergence of the ACO can be enhanced greatly, and we also get the best results in some instance of GTSP. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Photovoltaic (PV) systems can be tied to a utility grid to work more effectively as an alternative energy sources. One of the major issues about grid-tied PV systems is to avoid non-intentional operation in islanding mode. Many methods have been proposed to detect islanding operation of grid-tied PV systems. They have different non-detection zones for different kinds of load. This paper presents an intelligent adaptive method for islanding detection in grid-tied PV system. The simulation and test results prove its effectiveness and superiority. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: To reduce the electromagnetic interference(EMI) of traditional PWM inverter, the paper puts forward a novel soft switching PWM inverter, expounds the inverter''s configuration and working principle, analyses it''s realization method, and validates it through simulation and experiment. The EMI conductive noise of AC inverter system was measured, analyzed and compared under hard switching and soft switching respectively. It testifies the validity of soft switching inverter on reducing EMI. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Electronic power is the most widely used energy, and its application degree has been a mark of country development level. This paper introduces a method of voltage fluctuation rate monitor by using virtual instrument technology. Because virtual instrument technology uses computer own hardware and design graphics procedure frame diagram software to complete, which has many advantages of the simple algorithm and fast speed, etc. Through simulating three-phase voltage of electronic power system, this paper completes voltage fluctuation rate monitor of electronic power system and electronic power quality judgment, as well as verifies accuracy of algorithm diagram procedure. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper introduces membership cloud function and membership cloud generator, then establishes membership cloud function model which is fit for mine. With the application of the model through simulation, the reliability of ring network, tree network and star network in mine is analyzed. We could know that ring network which has the maximum reliability but poor fault resistance ability costs for not all links and nodes could use double road and it is not suitable for mine roadway. Tree network and star network, whose reliability are poor than double ring network''s, are more suitable for mine roadway and have high cost performance, so they are more suitable for application in mine. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Aiming at the shortcomings appearing in the BP neural network method for obtaining the road surface power spectrum density, the paper applies a new cubic spline weight function neural network (CSWFNN) to the identification of road surface power spectrum density. First, a vibration model with four freedoms is established to simulate the actual vehicles. Subsequently, we deduce the nonlinear relationship between power spectrum density of the response and that of the excitation, and then acquire some input and output data. Next, a CSWFNN is built and trained until converges. In the end, the paper analyses the errors of CSWFNN in the identification of road surface power spectrum density. The results show that the proposed method in the paper successfully overcomes the deficiencies of BP neural network method, and consequently enhances the identification precision of road surface power spectrum density. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Based on the network method for radiant heat transfer, a radiant space resistance ke R /4F1 was proposed, the radiant heat transfer network diagrams which subjects to the radiation attenuation was given in this paper, this method is helpful to accurately analyze the zero-dimensional radiant heat transfer. Simulation results show that, due to the radiant space resistance kR /4F, the total thermal resistance between the flame and the water wall surface is degraded, radiation attenuation from the flame center to water wall surface should not be ignored. It is also shown that,when the radiation attenuation is involved, the furnace outlet flue gas temperature utilizing the furnace ɛf syn blackness is more accurate than the Soviet Union 1973 calculation standard. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper described the structure of a Shunt Active Power Filter system and compared various methods of active power filter harmonic detection, then the improved adaptive algorithm was used in active power filter harmonic detection; as regards the control strategy, the control method that based on optimal voltage space vector hysteresis current was presented in this paper for tracking control, And by using Matlab/Simulink simulation software, the Adaptive filter detection system and control model of Three-phase three-wire Shunt Active Power Filter were established. Simulation results showed that the selected detection method and control strategy of harmonic current played a fairly good compensation role on the harmonics which was generated by nonlinear loads and had a good dynamic compensation performance. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper presents a new control strategy combining the direct torque control of induction motors with the dual bridge matrix converter, and gives the modulation algorithms of dual bridge matrix converter rectifier and the method of inverter direct torque control. This control method can realize the direct torque control of induction motors with a good dynamic performance, but also get good input current waveforms and adjustable power factor. The simulation results show the validity and feasibility of the proposed control strategy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, a traction control algorithm based on fuzzy PID is proposed, and a hardware Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test bench which is based on the xPC Target™ product of MATLAB® is introduced. The control algorithm is validated using the test bench and the test results of show that the algorithm can control the spin of driven wheels effectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: With the application and development of the supercapacitor energy storage (SCES) system, energy storage technology has been greatly improved in modern power systems. The SCES provides required energy buffer for a photovoltaic power system and plays an important role in improving the operation stability of a power system. This paper designs a stand-alone photovoltaic system with a supercapacitor as the energy storage device. In particular a Stand-alone PV system constituted by photovoltaic and supercapacitor sources is simulated in PSIM with DC to DC buck boost converter to prove that supercapacitor as a power supply device. The PSIM simulation results reflect that system stability was validated when the input power of photovoltaic array fluctuates greatly. The designed system offers a preferable reference for applications of the supercapacitor in the field of regeneration energy and quality improvement of electricity power. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Based on the common topologies applied in distribution system, the corresponding Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON) structures are proposed in this paper. The average survivability of each type is quantitatively discussed. According to the simulation results, we demonstrate that the “hand-in-hand” type can provide the highest survivability among them. This connection mode can also be used in electricity utilization information collection system, which is the base to realize intelligent distribution and intelligent utilization. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The using rate of cable which causes the capacitance current raise up out of limits in the urban distribution system is growing up very fast during the past years. It threatens the security of power-supply. In this paper, the author made lots of works analyze many methods of grounding through the natural point. The author also made the simulation models with EMTP/ATP program in theory and combine the fault of single-phase grounding in practice. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In order to solve the problems that local minimum, path planning in obstacles, and optimizing global obstacle avoidance path, the paper proposed a new obstacle avoidance method. In this method, used the grid method to describe the information of obstacles environment, utilized the evolutionary artificial potential field method to optimize obstacle avoidance path. The simulation results show that the proposed method is feasible and effective. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The paper taking the 6-DOF biped heel-and-toe robot as the research object, according to the expected walking pose and gravity center of the robot, using the Denavit-Hartenberg formula to establish the kinematics model and kinematics equation of the biped heel-and-toe robot. Under the ZMP criterion conditions, the kinematics equations in each discrete point are solved out via the walking pose, and constituted the motion joints curves. The simulation results of motion joints curves from the Matlab proved that the method of gait planning can achieve the aim of biped heel-and-toe robot''s stable dynamic walking. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: HTR-PM simulator is urgently developed as one of the important major sub-projects of the HTR-PM which is one of the Major national science and technology projects. The HTR full-scope simulator is currently still a blank throughout the world. In this situation, based on the vPower simulation platform, the structure of the simulation system of secondary loop was presented in detail in this paper, and the whole system was jointly debugged between secondary loop and the steam generator of Nuclear island side by embedding THERMIX /BLAST code into the vPower simulation environment. Steady state and transient process of some key parameters have been studied by the help of this simulation system. Current simulation results analysis shows that it is agreed with the design values and expectations and fitted for practical application [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Energy saving and emission reduction are gradually receiving more and more attention, the railway system is an important part of the national economy, so the energy saving of it becomes a hotspot. In this paper, the main purpose is to give some feasible schemes to make the economy of electric system of the modern high speed railway much better, a segment of Hefei-Wuhan railway line is chosen as a research sample. With simulation based on PSCAD/EMTDC platform, some irrationalities in the electric design of the high speed electrified railway which will lead to much electric energy waste and affect the economic and social benefits of enterprise are found, such as irrationalities in the selecting of the transformers and the reactive power saving, and the reasons are analyzed. Then, optimize proposals are proposed with the knowledge such as smart grid and the FACTS technology, which contribute practical and heuristic significance to improve the economy of railway line. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper presents the computation simulation models for silicon carbide (SiC) vertical junction field effect power devices. An analytical, physics based model is capable of accurately replicating the device behavior for the on-off state and transient conditions. The simulation results of the models were validated against measured data obtained from experiments. The current and voltage characteristics of the silicon carbide power device is investigated, the simulation and test results indicate that the switching transient and switching losses are improved compared with the same rated silicon power device. The models developed in this research effort are expected to be valuable tools for power electronic designers in the future. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper presents a practical multicast routing, which dynamically transforms a conventional multicast tree into a multicast mesh and increases the opportunities for coding by applying double direction network coding scheme. The simulation shows the proposed algorithm is a practical multicast routing, and it has better performances by comparing with ODMRP and MORE-M in terms of coding gain and packet delivery ratio. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Based on a method of measuring intraocular pressure by the effect of piezoelectric bimorphs, a testing system for intraocular pressure is proposed. In this paper, we discuss the measuring principle, the measuring circuit; Pig eye is used as the research object, and a relationship between the output current of bimorph and the internal pressure of eyeball is established through experiment. The experimental result shows that the internal pressure of eyeball and the output current of intraocular bimorph have relatively good linear relationship within the range of human intraocular pressure, the linear relationship expression between intraocular pressure and current can be attained by using linear fitting method. The fitting function expression is used as calculation basis, the known intraocular pressure of simulation eyeball is measured, and measurement results show that the error is relatively small, which proves that this method is practical and feasible in a certain extent. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]