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Abstract: This paper presents a theoretical and experimental framework based on dynamics to model and analyze energy efficient distributed storage systems. A dynamics analysis model based on Cellular Automata (CA), called DSSCA, is proposed to evaluate distributed Object-based Storage (OBS) systems. DSSCA can have either finite or infinite size with high scalability. Each node represents an Object-based Device (OSD) and can communicate with the neighbor nodes autonomously and perform tasks independently without a centralized control. Moreover, simple energy efficient rules can be adopted by each node and then global behaviors emerge from the evolution and interaction of multiple individuals. To evaluate the intelligence of the system to changes of external behaviors, we proposed a heuristic power-aware mechanism. Each node has a write request queue, the length of which changes dynamically with access intensity and node throughput. In the simulation, we observe an appropriate threshold could both guarantee performance and save power. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Energy intensity is an important indicator to evaluate the coordination of energy-economy-environment system, so reducing energy intensity has become one of the greatest challenges of economy development. In order to study the relation between energy intensity and influential factors of energy intensity in China, a regression equation is used in this paper, using the method of stepwise regression analysis. By introducing the data of real GDP, total energy consumption and energy consumption mix, all data over the period 1990-2008, the regression equation can rationally simulate the energy intensity. Empirical results show that energy structure and energy conversion efficiency have a great impact on energy intensity. In the future, we should raise R&D expenditure on energy technology accounted for the proportion of GDP, optimize energy Structure, upgrade the industry structure and develop the new energy. As the regression equation has a very good simulation results, it can be used to forecast energy intensity of China. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The rapid growth of Chinese economy has tremend-ously stimulated the expansion of energy consumption. The structure of energy consumption in China is featured with the coal domination. Air pollution is becoming increasingly severe and causes enormous economic losses. As a result, we are confronted with the extremely arduous task to balance energy consumption and environmental protection. In order to avoid the situation that its rampant environmental pollution problem will worsen before it gets better, Chinese government has put high emphasis on the problem. The efforts made by Chinese government, including energy consumption structure improve-ment and control measures to air pollution, have been introduced and discussed in this paper. China possesses very abundant renewable energies such as wind, solar, geothermal and tidal. Applications of renewable energies, especially solar energy, can coordinate and improve the relationship between energy consumption and environmental protection. Therefore, Chinese government should make more efforts to set up priority of development for renewable energies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The paper expounds the framework to make a sustainable urban design. It brings up the new process of sustainable urban design, and emphatically analyses the sustainability tasks in urban design, including energy and resource efficiency, reducing negative environmental impact, building for change, and public transport. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Given the growing stock of household electrical appliances, China is faced with an urgent challenge of management of household appliances massive disposal. Unfortunately, the majority of waste household appliances are now processed in small workshops mainly by manual disassembly and open incineration which are extremely polluting and health-harming in China. In response to the increasing environmental concerns over household appliance end-oflife treatment, The Regulations on the Administration of the Recovery and Disposal of Waste Electrical and Electronic Products (WEEE Regulations), was promulgated in 2009. To discuss the potential benefits from the implementation of the Regulations, a holistic understanding of the waste appliance recycling business and after-endof –life markets is indispensable. This paper presents a life cycle simulation model to evaluate the potential environmental benefits from the improved end-of-life management. The proposed model provides a mathematical description of close-loop lifecycles and yields quantitative results of energy and raw material consumption and waste generation. Then, as a case study, the environmental benefits of household refrigerator recycling and reuse system compliant to the Regulations is analyzed based on comparison of simulation results of two scenarios respectively representing implementing and not implementing of the Regulations. The proposed model is expected to facilitate policy- and decision-making on product recycling and reuse. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: With the application of central air-conditioning systems increasing, the problems of its energy consumption and controlling environmental comfort attract more attention. Enthalpy control uses less energy than temperature control, and can meet the requirements of environmental comfort. This paper introduces the definition of enthalpy, enthalpy control principles and methods and so on, and describes the enthalpy control of central air-conditioning systems in detail. Fuzzy logic control method is proposed for the room temperature and three-dimensional fuzzy control structure is constructed. According to the errors in relative humidity, control rules are divided into three parts to achieve automatic control of room temperature. Simulation results show that the proposed controller has good robustness, and better static and dynamic characteristics than the traditional controller. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Wireless sensor network has many advantages. One of the primary benefits is their independence from the wiring costs and constraints, which makes it is suitable for monitoring the environmental conditions around the high-speed railway. However, the energy of the sensor node is limited and railways are often located in remote area. If batteries have to be replaced frequently, the initial cost savings will be lost. Therefore, power efficiency is a critical requirement for wireless sensor networks. In this paper, two algorithms have been investigated for application of wireless sensor network in Railway Disaster Prevention and Safety Monitoring System, which are Advanced Direction-aware Algorithm and Cluster Head Selection Algorithm based on the Dynamic Energy Threshold respectively. Theoretically, both algorithms can effectively extend the lifetime of the wireless sensor network. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Target tracking is one of the most important applications for wireless sensor networks. Generally, multi- sensors working collaboratively can achieve better performance but with high-energy consumption in target tracking. In this paper, a dynamically clustering algorithm, called nearest neighborhood collaboration, is proposed for collaborative target tracking in wireless sensor networks. It selects cluster head based on minimum distance between predicted target position and sensor nodes. Cluster head forms the cluster of tasking sensors in its neighborhood and fulfills estimation update, next state prediction, and executes information fusion based on central Kalman Filter. Simulation results show that, compared with existing sensor scheduling algorithm, the proposed multisensor scheduling scheme not only achieve superior tracking accuracy but also energy saving, it is also robust to the uncertainty of process noise. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper proposes a modification policy on GROUP (Grid-clustering Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks). This modification aims at getting a better performance, e.g., less average energy consumption of the whole network, less average end-to-end delay of data packet, than GROUP. We call the modified protocol GROUPM. We simulated both GROUP-M and GROUP on ns2.34 platform, and made the comparison between them. The comparison results showed that our modification on GROUP is valid and effective. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Sustainable energy has turned into one of the most promising ways to handle the challenges of energy demand problems of numerous consumers worldwide. Myanmar''s energy consumption mainly depends upon traditional energy such as fuel wood, charcoal and biomass. The government had laid the energy policy guidelines and emphasized in renewable energy resources to replace traditional energy types. Although domestic conventional energy sources such as oil and natural gas have been increasing a little bit through discoveries and development, these does not satisfy the demand of the country. In this paper, the energy utilization and the present sustainable energy status are mentioned. Following that, completed projects by each sector are provided. The future plan for energy conservation is finally highlighted. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper presents the application energy management system and control system for smart renewable energy power generation. The development of communication platform is use LAB-View technology as a basis design for overall system. The proposed prototype is construct PV 1.8 kWp, Battery 18 kWh, 5kW Generator. The main central control system will acquire data from the remote renewable energy system. All necessary monitor data are including power generation, load consumption, protection system, and other control parameters will be store at a control unit. All monitoring data are monitored as real-time data therefore the operator can also evaluate the system situation in the current states and make decisions to take an immediate action if needed. The system can be improved by learning from monitored data recorded. Moreover the system itself can forecast and make a decision for future power analysis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Presently the installed capacity of electricity generation in India is 160 GWe. The integrated ene rgy policy aims at an installed capacity of 778 GWe by 2031-32 to achieve per capita electricity consumption of 2700 kWh/year as against the 700 kWh/year. The share of nuclear power in India is around 3% presently. The increase in installed capacity is possible by increasing the share of nuclear power. India has opted for a unique three-stage power programme based on closed nuclear fuel cycle, which provides a multiplier effect through breeding. Consequent to the 123 agreement and clearance from Nuclear Supplier‟s Group (NSG) for international cooperation in the field of nuclear energy, the reactor technology options are wide open. Some of the technologies which are being pursued are: Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) fueled with domestic Natural Uranium (NU), PHWRs fueled with imported Natural Uranium/Slightly Enriched Uranium (SEU), Light Water Reactors (LWRs) procured from abroad using imported Lightly Enriched Uranium (LEU) fuel, PHWRs with Reprocessed Uranium (RU) obtained from reprocessing spent fuel of LWRs, indigenous Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs) and Fast Breeder Reactors (FBRs) using MOX/metallic fuel. The increase in the share of nuclear power through above technologies require setting up of fuel fabrication facilities such as: new PHWR Fuel Fabrication with indigenous sources, joint collaboration with foreign countries for fabricating fuel for imported LWRs, setting up PHWR fuel fabrication facilities with SEU/RU under international safeguards, setting up of enrichment and fuel fab rication facilities for indigenous PWRs and a series of fast reactor fuel fabrication facilities for fabricating fuel for FBRs. In addition to fuel fabrication facilities, facilities for manufacturing zirconium alloy and stainless steel structurals, tubes and components are also required to be set up. The paper gives in detail the emerging nuclear fuel fabrication activities in India. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The three stage Indian nuclear power programme envisages efficient use of its modest uranium resources and full exploitation of its vast Thorium resources. Indian economy is on a fast growth track. The growth in population and economy is creating huge demand for energy which has to be met with environmentally benign technologies. Nuclear Energy is best suited to meet this demand without causing undue environmental impact. In view of limited resources of Uranium and vast resources of Thorium, a closed fuel cycle to fully exploit the potential of the two resources is co nsidered essential. In conformity with such a strategy, Recycle fuel fabrication technologies have been under development in India for over three decades. Some of the activities such as (i) Fabrication and development of MOX fuels for LWRs/PHWRS (ii) Fabrication of mixed carbide and mixed oxide fuels for Fast Reactors (iii) Research and development in Metallic Fuels for Fast Reactors and (iv) Development of fuels for Thorium utilization - are briefly discussed in the paper. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In Canada, off-grid power production is significant, with more than 200,000 people living in about 300 remote communities scattered across Yukon, the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and other islands. Most of these isolated sites rely on diesel to generate electricity. The operation of these remote isolated grids run on a deficit in the order of hundreds of millions of dollars yearly and must therefore be subsidized by the government. Low and high penetration wind–diesel hybrid systems (WDS) have been experimented to reduce diesel consumption. In a previous article, we explored the re-engineering of current diesel power plants with the introduction of high penetration wind systems using compressed air energy storage (CAES). This is a viable alternative to increase the overall percentage of renewable energy and reduce the cost of electricity, to increase the diesel engine lifetime and efficiency and to decrease their fuel consumption and GHG emissions. In this paper, we present the operative principle of this hybrid system, its economic benefits and advantages. Finally, we apply this concept in the case of a Canadian Nordic village to demonstrate the real energetic, ecological and economic potential of this system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Improving energy efficiency by monitoring household electrical consumption is of significant importance with the present-day climate change concerns. A solution for the electrical consumption management problem is the use of a nonintrusive appliance load monitoring system. This system captures the signals from the aggregate consumption, extracts the features from these signals and classifies the extracted features in order to identify the switched on appliances. This paper complements a novel feature extraction scheme presented in a previous work for load disaggregation with a comparative study of supervised classification methods. The objective of the current work is hence to make use of the feature extraction scheme to construct a database of signatures and then to compare different supervised learning methods for load classification. Preliminary results indicate high classification accuracy of all tested methods. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The world human population increases today more than 80 millions of individuals per year, therefore, the energy needs increase more and more. The buildings represent the most important part of the energy consumption and the greenhouse effect. the inhabitants are confronted to a variable tarifs of energy and some heater setpoints effects according to hour and days and to energy producers. In this dynamic context of production and consumption of energy that a building, equipped with a Home Automation system to control the energy, takes its importance. In this paper, we describe the architecture of a Home Automation system. The system is divided into two parts: a centralized part represented the resolution of linear problems noted regular service part and a Multi-Agent part noted singular service part. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper presents an investigation of a direct evaporative air cooler (DEAC) under Algerian climate, at the city of BECHAR. We carried out the theory and design of the DEAC. Simulation is done for an evaporative air cooler for three successive months June, July and August under TRNSYS environment. Measured weather data of the selected site are generated by METEONORM software. Result showed that the maximum depression of the dry bulb temperature reached is about 18.86°C and the Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) is calculated. Evaporative cooling equipments work well in the hot and arid southern regions, which constitute practically the two third of the country. They have no impact whatsoever on the environment. Energy consumption is much less than in classical air conditioning units this is why these systems can be powered by solar photovoltaic panels. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Based on 1992-2005 input-output tables at comparable price and using structural decomposition method (SDA), the paper decomposes carbon emissions growth from energy consumption in China into 4 categories of factors: carbon emissions intensity, technology, domestic final demand and trade. Carbon emissions have a trend of accelerated growth and the decisive factor is domestic final demand, not trade. Intensity of carbon emissions plays a significant restrain effect, entirely benefit from energy efficiency, rather than energy substitution. The effect of technical change leads to the growth of carbon emissions, reflecting the technology structure developed towards high energyconsumption and emissions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Using the industrial structure and energy consumption model as an example, this paper is aimed at exploring the relationship between industrial structure and the energy structure of Qingdao City. Studies show that industry, particularly heavy industry is the main component of Qingdao energy consumption. Accordingly, the Qingdao industrial structure should be adjusted; the tertiary industry should be encouraged, so that the proportion of heavy industry can be reduced. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper is aimed at the analysis of the energy saving technologies and management policies in chemical industry. It describes the current situation, anticipates the future trend of energy consumption, analyzes the problems in energy saving technologies and management, and offers corresponding measures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Nowadays, sustainable economic development is the key issue in the world. In this paper, we take Shandong Province as an example to analyze the relationship between energy use, environmental quality and economic development. Through the study, we find that the correlation between nominal income per capita and environmental quality can be shown in Kuznets inverted U-shaped curve. After 2020, with per capita income increasing, total amount of environmental pollutants will decline slowly; The relationship between per capita income and discharge amount of sulfur dioxide is consistent with EKC theory and is shown in inverted U-shaped curve, but the per capita income has no similar pattern with the other three environmental indicators; Although efficiency of energy utilization in Shandong Province increased steadily in recent years, but the rapid economic growth heavily depends on natural resources, and extensive mode of economic growth remains. Irrational industrial structure is the main cause for structural unbalance of energy consumption and environmental degradation in Shandong Province. It is argued that readjusting industrial structure and improving environment system of environmental pollution are the primary issuesin the reform. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Contextual analysis method is used to predict new energy development of Hohhot from 2010 to 2020. Through the structure of different scenarios, we could predict that the new energy in the total energy consumption will reach the proportion of 13.8%, 6.5% and 3% under three different development scenarios by 2020. Then the contextual assessment is carried out and the corresponding policies and measures for the different scenarios are put forward. According to China''s Energy Technology Development Roadmap and the actual situation in Hohhot, this paper recommends the optimal situation of the program and the corresponding policies and measures. Practice shows that the contextual analysis for the prediction and policy formulation will have a practical significance. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper analyzes the energy consumption of Shandong Province by the use of Complete Decomposition Model. We decompose three key factors: economic growth, structure and energy intensity, and study the impact on energy consumption results brought by changes in these variables. The corresponding effect coefficients is compared with national average level to identify the characteristics of energy consumption changes in Shandong and specific effect s of every stage of each factor, providing a scientific basis for the development of energy policy making. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper, through analyzing aggregate economic volume and economic structure, distinguishes the influencing factors in fulfilment of the objective that non-fossil energy accounts for 15% of total national energy consumption. Potential of renewable energy resources are surveyed. Simulations of China''s total energy consumption in 2020 are made on difference growth rate assumptions. The feasibility of industrial restructuring is inspected regarding the energy consumption. Policy suggestions are made to achieve the structural objective by 2020. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: From the time of reform and opening up, China''s rapid economic growth attracts worldwide attention, which also brings the accompanying problems that high energy consumption, high pollution and high emission are more prominent. Therefore, the low carbon economy development model has become an inevitable choice for China''s sustainable economic development. However, the stage of economic development is insurmountable and the continuing growth and the disadvantaging structure of energy consumption will become a serious obstacle for China''s low-carbon economy. Selecting the relevant data from 1980 to 2009, and using not only Hebei Province as its study area but also the whole country as its reference region, this paper analyzes the relationship between the changes in energy consumption structure and the carbon emissions in Hebei Province, and basing on which predicts the energy consumption and carbon emissions in the future in order to provide policy recommendations for the optimization of energy consumption structure, the upgrade of industrial structure, and the development of carbon economy [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Energy is the essential material for human survival, and it is the important resource for economic development and social progress. Making a reasonable and reliable development plan by forecasting the energy consumption scientifically and effectively can ensure economic healthily and orderly developing. The combination forecast method based on inducted ordered weighted average operator is used widely in these years. The difference between this model and the traditional combination forecast method is that the empowerment coefficient of the combination forecast has nothing to do with the monomial prediction model, but it is closely related to forecast precision''s size of the monomial prediction model at each time-point, it is an invariable empowerment method. In this paper we adopt the time series tendency forecast model and the gray system GM (1, 1) forecast model in order to analysis the energy consumption of the Hebei Province; then, it introduces the energy consumption combination forecast model based on the IOWA operator. Empirical analysis indicates that this model can enhance the forecast precision of the combination and it is an effective combination forecast method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Emission inventories are important tools for monitoring air quality and assisting the policies in urban areas. This paper estimates Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Chongqing''s CO2 emissions of energy consumption and carbon intensity of the economic activities in 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2004-2007 based on the method recommended by IPCC. The results show that the coal combustion is the leading cause of total CO2 emission from energy consumption, occupied over 60% of total CO2 emission of fuels. But the share of CO2 emission from coal is descending gradually because of energy consumption restructuring. In addition, the four mega-cities’ carbon intensity of the economic activities, which is the low Carbon Economy index, is improving persistently. These results imply that China''s CO2 emission in the future may not become as high as expected but improve with time. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The composition of energy resource consumption reflects the reliance on energy resources of a country and trends in consumption. In this paper we analyze the characteristics of energy resource consumption in China by comparing China''s consumption composition with that of other countries and studying recent trends in internal energy resource consumption in China. Although new energy resources have been developed and utilized to some degree, energy resource consumption will mainly rely on fossil fuel for several decades. Therefore, increasing the proportion of oil and natural gas consumption is an effective means for decreasing environmental pollution caused by the overall consumption of fossil fuels, which currently consists primarily of coal. The increasing demand for oil and natural gas can bring China''s petroleum exploration and development good opportunities but there are challenges that must be faced. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Optimized configuration of energy industry is an issue for resource combination and optimization, which includes continuous variable and discrete variable and belongs to the optimal power flow research. In order to improve the solution quality and the counting efficiency, this paper gives the solution using the mixed Greedy Algorithm and Genetic Algorithm: Use the superiority of Greedy Algorithm to obtain the original resource distribution solution space in the structure. This algorithm can minimize the spatial scale. And then utilizes the Genetic Algorithm to select the original solution space based on the overall situation and improve its application efficiency. The test case matches the anticipation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Pricing mechanism is the core of power reform. The NDRC proposed to execute SPM for the living power in October 2010, which met widespread criticisms. An effective SPT is a reasonable, transparent, and stable mechanism, which should impel residents to utilize electricity reasonably, have fully taken economic ability into consideration, and comply with the increasing living standards. To the imperfections of guiding SPM, this paper put forward a SPM, which divides the grads based on the resident living standards, uses the price cap as the early grad pricing method, and regards the improvement of electricity use efficiency as the purpose. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In last 20 years, rapid economic growth and the process of industrialization in China had resulted in large scale energy consumption and environment degradation. Usually the heavy and chemical industries, especially energy industries will grow increasingly at this stage of industrialization. Intense researches have paid more attention to the effects of energy consumption on environment, but little to the pollution from energy production. This paper focuses on the emissions from energy production when the energy industries are developing and the measures involved controlling the pollution. It is concluded that the factors those have significant effects on pollution emissions are industrial value added, concentration, scale of industries, average scale of enterprises, technological improvement, and environmental regulations. Moreover, some regulation and industrial development policies have been suggested. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, sequential data for 1990-2009 in China is used to conduct empirical analysis of impact of China''s fixed assets investment increase on ecological environment. The results show that China''s fixed asset investment has longterm stable correlation with economic growth, energy consumption, industrial wastewater and solid waste emissions. China''s rapid growth in fixed asset investment, particularly irrational investment structure is important reason for severely damaged ecological environment; Economic growth and high energy consump tion cause the same impact on deterioration of the ecological environment. Therefore, control of investment in fixed asset and development of energy saving and green economy is the key in the further reform. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper decomposes Jiangsu energy consumption intensity change from 1998-2008. And the energy consumption intensity is decomposed into FDI scale effect, FDI structure effect and FDI technology effect, using LMDI model. Decomposition and analysis results show that FDI scale effect reduces the energy consumption intensity. FDI structure and technology effect fluctuates and do not promote the reduction of energy consumption intensity, on the whole. Therefore, to reduce the energy consumption intensity of Jiangsu Province, we suggest that while expanding FDI scale, we should adopt unified energy-saving and emission-reducing requirements to FDI enterprises and domestic ones. Meanwhile, we should increase the foreign investment proportion in the technology-intensive industries and encourage FDI enterprises to use and exchange advanced energy-saving technologies. Moreover, we should adjust the distribution industry structure of FDI to optimize the industrial structure adjustment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Based on Cointegration Analysis and the state space model, this paper empirically analyzes the Yangtze River Delta energy consumption and economic growth based on 1990-2008 data. The results show: According to the cointegration analysis, the Yangtze River Delta economic growth and energy consumption exists long-term equilibrium .the current period of economic growth has been influenced by this period energy consumption and the amount of the previous period of economic growth, and the economic growth have the ability of 29.98% of the autorepair capacity. in all,we can conclude three enlightenment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Zhejiang is a major province of energy consumption, but poor in energy resources. The inherent and complete dependence on importing energy makes energy security extremely difficult, which draws more attention to the energy conservation in Zhejiang. A great many factors of which the relations are complex affect the energy conservation. By introducing System Dynamics analysis, which has a unique advantage of analyzing the multiple and complex feedback system, this paper aims to analyze energy conservation in Zhejiang, and finally comes to some conclusions of values towards governments’ policies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Based on the low carbon economy and the theory of grey correlation, the paper puts forward that the industrial development in Jiangsu has been associated with energy consumption in large sum and the high energy -consuming industries is still taking up a large proportion. The correlation between the energy consumption of major industrial enterprises and the “three wastes” emissions is large. Besides, the energy consumption has significant influence on the environmental quality. By analyzing the environment and resource bottleneck on the development of the manufacturing in Jiangsu, it puts forward a series of sustainable development strategy for the promotion of the manufacturing. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of RIUDS [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Most of the household appliance energy efficiency label is considered qualified level of energy efficiency index of how to limit the power consumption of the household appliances, rarely consider reducing the power consumption of competitive advantage for the household appliance. This is the first Low-carbon Economic Development from the perspective given the implementation appliance energy efficiency label of Game Theory in this paper. The household appliance enterprises use market mechanism to guide economic development model from the perspective of lowcarbon building scientific and effective energy conservation, sound development of mechanisms to protect the environment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Although EPC has been used in energy conservation for many years in developed countries, its still a new industry in China. This paper reviews the development of ESCos in developed countries and discusses the current status of ESCO industries in China. Then it analyses the benefits and drawbacks of different EPC mode and an implementation program of energy-efficient lighting in a university is proposed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Based on the definition of carbon footprint and elements that affect it, a model was constructed for empirical research, using data of cities in Hunan Province from 2005 to 2009, to calculate the amount of carbon footprint and to analyze the relationships between carbon footprint and each of the elements, including population, level of economic development, industrial structure and energy structure. In addition, this paper also puts forward solutions to further low-carbon development of Hunan Province in the areas of low-carbon development mechanism energy structure low carbon life style and talent development. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In view of the complexity and nonlinear characteristics of Chinese energy consumption system, this paper respectively makes use of neural network, grey forecast and time series to construct models depending on historical data of Chinese energy consumption. According to standard deviation method, suited weight is distributed to the prediction of each individual model, and a combination forecasting model is established. Finally, the combination model is applied to predict Chinese energy consumption in the following six years. The results show that Chinese energy consumption will be 4.21 billion tons of standard coal in the year of 2015. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper uses two methods LMDI and Laspeyres to analysis the influences the industrial structure has on energy consumption,including how much the three industries have contribution to energy intensity .The results we conclude are:1) Economy has a strong stimulating effect on energy consumption;2)The effect of improving energy efficiency by using science and technology is significant in Guangdong province, especially in the secondary industry; 3) The secondary industry plays a positive role in reducing energy intensity, and the advantages of the tertiary industry isn’t displayed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Energy and the development of economic society constitute the nested structure. Energy planning is based on its prediction. Time series analysis, based on its relatively simple requirements on the original data, scientifically understanding, describing the data generation mechanism and predicting the future value, is a common prediction method. The total energy demand of China in 2020 is predicted about 449074.91 ten thousand standardized coal in this paper using time series analysis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: With the growing impact of global climate changes, carbon emissions reduction is becoming an international theme. There are significant differences among China''s economic development regions, regional energy consumption and carbon emissions in those regions are quite different. In the paper, 14 representative regions are selected from most developed regions, more developed regions, and less developed regions in China, based on the regional 2001-2008 panel data to make the econometric analysis and comparative analysis, and the regional carbon emissions reduction investigations to different development stages are given according to the results of analysis different development stages. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: China''s energy consumption is still in growth stage. This paper analyzes China''s energy demand in the background of climate change, and forecasts China''s energy development trend in the next decade. Finally, it proposes measurements for energy restructuring, which will contribute to the energy policy making. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: County economy is developing rapidly. Meanwhile, there are serious problems existed, such as over-consumption of resources, devastation of the environment, and degradation of ecology, which hinder the sustainable development of the county economy seriously. Thus, designing a set of index system for assessing sustainable development of county economy to save natural resources, prevent environmental deterioration and coordinate the sustainable development of county economy and environment has been the point of economical development. Based on the theory of regional economics, this paper discussed the assessment of sustainable development of county economy by analyzing the issues of sustainable development of county economy. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of RIUDS [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Traditional DEA is an evaluation method based on the self-assessment system; the decision-makers cannot choose a frame of reference freely. In order to solve the DEA method can be based on both self-assessment system and any frame of reference for evaluation, the generalized output-oriented DEA model based on BC2 is given in this paper. Then through this model to evaluate the efficiency of Chinese energy consumption and GDP from 1990 to 2007, and compared the efficiency with several developed countries in 2006. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In recent years, with the implementation of national development of the West Regions, the energy and chemical industry base in Northern Shaanxi had significant progress. Meanwhile, environmental problems triggered by the excessive usage of resources, including the groundwater level descending, ground sinking, river drying up, severe pollution of waste residue,water and gas, have brought serious potential danger to the development of the base. This paper, based on thorough analysis to the investigation data about the environmental status and the existing problems of the base, elaborates on the root cause of the environmental issues in terms of policy, capital and society etc., and proposes strategies for environmental protection in Northern Shaanxi. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of RIUDS [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This article evaluated the energy effeciency in Hebei Province using some indicators such as comprehensive energy consumption, efficiency of energy transformation. Then it makes a comparative analysis about the HeBei Province''s status in the country''s energy conservation. The final part of the paper predicts energy consumption indicators in HeBei province from 2009 to 2013. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The study is reported on the effect of psychological, family and contextual factors on residential energy use behaviour. A survey of 1376 residents was carried out in Dalian, a coastal city in the northeast of China. Results show that energy concern, biospheric value, barriers to behaviour, money saving and personal norm are the most powerful predictors for residential energy use behaviour. It is of Chinese characteristics that the aged has a positive impact on household energy conservation. The paper argues that government and society should make effective instruments to guide residents live in a low carbon lifestyle. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of RIUDS [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Due to the pressure of the global energy resources and the environment, the sustainable development of economy in China faces seriously challenge, the mode of economic growth has to be changed urgently. Nowadays, China is at a rapidly increasing stage of industrialization and urbanization which has the obvious characteristics of the heavy-duty industry. A lot of energy requirement have been brought because of the infrastructure construction and the upgrading people''s consumption level. This paper analyzed the characteristics of China''s economic transition stage, the current industrial energy-saving features, the obtained achievement and the existing problems. Then, a solution of industrial energy-saving has been put forward during China''s economic transformation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]