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Abstract: This paper empirically analyzes the effect of the indigenous R&D, introduction of technology on the energy consumption intensity in China, based on a panel of 31 industrial sectors for 1998–2006.The results show that indigenous R&D contributes to a significant decline of energy intensity in high energy-consuming intensity group and 31 industrial sectors,and has no significant effects on energy consumption intensity in low energy-consuming intensity group. Foreign technology purchased has a significant negative influence on energy consumption intensity only in 31 industrial sectors. Domestic technology transfer has no significant impact on energy consumption intensity in all samples. This paper will interest those policy makers and industrial entrepreneurs who are willing to improve energy efficiency in the industrial sector. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper we give an overview of the situation of CO2 emissions in both Beijing and Tokyo and discuss and compare the causes for their emission changes according to decomposition based on both social activities and fuel varieties. We find that in order to enjoy a sustainable development, Beijing needs to learn from Tokyo especially in energy consumption area. At the end of the paper, the cooperation between these two metropolises is summarized. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Energy, economy and environment form a mutually-influenced circulatory system. This paper uses econometric theory, according to time series data of energy consumption, GDP and industrial sewage emission from 1983 to 2009 about China, to empirically analyze the dynamic relationship among them. The result shows that: there exist the longterm stable equilibrium relationships among energy consumption, economic growth and environment. The improving action of Energy consumption on economic growth is far less than on environmental pollution. When the system deviated from the equilibrium, the adjusting speed about industry waste gas emission and energy consumption is far lower than that of economy. This paper further reveals the interaction among energy, environment and economy. On this basis, in order to achieve coordinated growth of energy, economy and environment, the paper puts forward several policy suggestions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper examines the application of state-space model (SSM) to the modeling of energy demand in China. The data used in the paper includes China''s aggregate energy consumption, economic growth rate, energy price, energy structure, industrial structure and aggregate population, which covers the period from 1991 to 2009. The result shows that: for energy demand, in different periods, the effects of various factors are changing. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: With the economic development, the demond for energy is growing in China, and the traditional non-renewable energy makes the energy transformation is imminent.In this paper, based on the fully understanding of our existing energy structure, and from the perspective of supply and demand, the author analysis the changes in the structure of future energy and gives the suggestion.The paper argues that China''s energy structure will gradually turn to be comprehensive and diverse, but the cost and market constraints will obstruct the promotion of renewable energy sources.Therefore, the traditional high-carbon energy is still the main form of domestic energy consumptionin a very long period of time.Only by improving technology and using of the macro-control can reduce the costs and regulate the import and export, which can achieve sustainable development of changing from a high-carbon energy to low carbon. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper, by adopting the carbon emission calculating method for all kinds of energy proposed by IPCC in 2006, calculates the amount of carbon emissions of Shandong province. It turns out that carbon emissions in Shandong increased 2.63 times, carbon emission intensity increased 2.45 times and the carbon emission intensity and the energy intensity by GDP is obvious higher than the average level of China from 1997 to 2008.Taking into account the characteristics of carbon emissions in Shandong Province, the paper tries to propose the corresponding strategies to develop low-carbon economy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Energy consumption is a technical issue or a spatial structure issue? Aim of this paper is to study the impact of population density and energy consuming density to space together on energy consuming with urban districts of Beijing. The author of this paper puts two kinds of factors including economic and technological ones, and urban space context factors with energy consuming together into a model. LMDI method will be employed to do the analysis. It is concluded that non-economic and non-technological factors were also significant to reduce energy consumption. Even population density did not contribute to reduction of energy consuming, when it was combined with energy consuming density to space together, the contribution was efficient. It indicates that compacted urban space with low-carbon city is the most efficient way to reduce energy consuming in urban areas. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of RIUDS [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper studies the implementation of a regulation problem of China in which the energy industry''s private information is unknown to the state-owned assets supervision and administration commission of the state council (SASAC). It''s reasonable to use a fuzzy variable to denote the subjective assessment of the SASAC to the private information. A principal-agent model is then set up to maximize the welfare of the SASAC. Pontryagin maximum principle is adopted in this paper to obtain the necessary condition of the optimal solutions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Firstly, this paper defined urban residents low carbonization energy consumption behavior as two aspects: the purchasing and choosing behavior and daily using behavior, and then based on the literature researches, this paper developed the conceptual model of social norms affecting urban residents low carbon energy consumption behavior. Taking Xuzhou as an example, through 280 valid sample, using LISREL 8.7, this paper verified and corrected the conceptual model, The results showed that the stronger the social norms of low carbon energy-saving orientation, the stronger the residents low carbon behavior intention; The stronger the residents low carbon behavior intention, the more positive the low carbonization energy consumption behavior; Social norms cannot directly play a role in residents’ energy consumption behavior, can only have indirectly and positive effect on residents behavior via behavior intention. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Distinguished from former literature which focuses on the static or balanced analysis, this paper established the timevarying parameters model based on state space model to find the dynamic relationship between China''s energy consumption and economic growth. After applying Chow test, unit root test and cointegration test, this paper estimated the parameters of state space model with Kalman Filter Algorithm, then found and analyzed their internal regularity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Making new coal-fired power plants carbon capture ready (Carbon Capture Ready) in China has been recognised as a crucial by a number of stakeholders academics, energy companies and regional government, based on a study in EU-UK-China NZEC project. A number of publications have investigated the definition, engineering requirements, economic and finance of CCR for China. However there remain a number of questions regarding the extent to which a plant’s physical location might constrain the feasibility of CCS retrofit. To address this issue, a Geographical Information System (GIS) has been used as a tool for mapping current and planned large carbon dioxide sources in Guangdong, also illustrating potential storage sites and calculating possible carbon dioxide transportation route. This paper investigates the location factors that should be considered when locating new build CCR power plants and demonstrates the methodology of using GIS software with spatial analysis in planning new build power plant in Guangdong. A preliminary study has identified over 30 large power plants within the region, with plant locations and historical emission data collected and presented in ArcGIS. Factors such as distance to potential storage site, route of CO2 pipeline, extra space on site and potential development plan etc. were investigated in the modelling and calculated the potential source and sink solution. The study then moves on to suggest possible new build plant locations which can be easily fitted in to the current network, based on economic optimisation. The scope for future coal plant development combined with a possible nuclear plant siting plan is discussed towards the end of the paper. Guangdong province, which owns the third largest coal-fired power installed capacity out of 31 provinces, generated over 8% of China’s total electricity every year for the past 15 years. CO2 storage opportunities could be found in the surrounding South China Sea, where Guangdong has a total of 4,300 km of coastline and some small scale oil fields on shore within the region. It is also among the first places to start the national open and reform policy in China. The province is one of the richest in China, with the highest GDP among all other provinces since 1989, and the foreign trade accounts for more than a quarter of China’s total amount. It also contributes around 12 of the total national economic output. Currently, the provincial government is proposing a low carbon roadmap, which is the first of its kind in China. The work has created a totally new thinking on capture ready power plant planning. This differs from existing studies (e.g., which aim to investigate the existing carbon dioxide emission sources at specified location and provide source and sink matching analysis. Instead the study focuses on policy implementation for new build capture ready power plants. Three clusters within Guangdong province are identified as potential temporary CO2 storage hubs before transporting the gas to a long term storage site. When officials are planning new power plant locations from a capture ready perspective, the plants should not necessarily be close to storage sites in straight line, but rather should be within a reasonable distance of a cluster. Transport of the captured CO2 will not be limited to pipelines, but could be extended to road and rail tankers. Power plant parameters and storage site data were collected for this research. Public transportation, utilities, landscapes, river, land used and population data were referenced from various sources; therefore, some of the data could be out of date. Nevertheless, it should still provide enough information when deciding the location of the transport cluster. Any future work could build on the existing model with updated data. Moreover, it could fit in with the national natural gas transportation network and utility planning network to provide long term integrated energy system analysis. The paper could provide policy makers, investors and urban planning officials with a view on how conventional thermal power plant investment and planning could be optimised, using Carbon Capture Ready designs, to keep the CCS retrofitting option open. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper introduces the overview of China''s solar water heater industry. The share of non-pressurized compact SWHs is about 80%. Due to its low pressure-resistant, the thermal performance testing for non-pressurized SWHs is not as easy as the pressurized system. The pressure for the supplied water for the testing must be lower enough to ensure the tested SWH cannot be damaged. So, except the method identified in ISO 9459-2, China national standard introduces another way to test the thermal performance for the non-pressurized SWHs. It uses a pump to mix the water in the non- pressurized water tank, records the temperature at the beginning and the end of the test, and calculates the heat gain under the daily irradiation. This test method is much closer to the real using situation for these SWHs. In 2012, China will issue a new national standard for solar water heaters Minimum allowable values of energy efficiency and energy efficiency grades for domestic solar water heating systems. This standard requires all products sold in China should be labeled with the energy efficiency grade. The energy efficiency grade is calculated with the value obtained by the thermal performance test. A complicated test system like a testing laboratory is not suitable for the factories in China. A compact automatic test facility to assist the factory to determine its products’ energy efficiency grade is needed. This test facility has user-friendly interface developed with LabView, can perform the test and print the test report automatically. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: As the world''s second-largest energy consumer, it''s crucial to realize the relationship between energy consumption and influence factors, in the need of achieving economy development and sustainable usage of the limited energy resource. Based on the relevant knowledge of statistics and econometrics, the paper analyzes some relevant factors, concludes that secondary industry output is the most important factor; and there are long-term stable cointegration relationships between energy consumption and GDP, secondary industry output, fixed asset investment; one-way causality relationships between energy consumption and GDP, population, traffic energy-using, industry energy-using, fuel power price index; and two-way causality between energy consumption and secondary industry output, resident energy-using, fixed asset investment. then gives lots of relevant suggestions, which is useful to realize the sustainable development of energy consumption and economy development. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In order to measure the relationship between economic activities and energy consumption for low-carbon economy strategy in ethnic minority autonomous regions, this paper used the Carbon Footprint Model and based the VAR model, used the Impulse Response Function method to describe the dynamic relations between economic growth and the energy Carbon Footprint in these regions. The result indicated that there is a strong interactive response between economic growth and Energy Carbon Footprint. The increases of Carbon Footprint can also cause the increase of GDP, this means the economic growth will be growth more rapidly depends on the massive energy consumption in the short-term, but when the economic growth to the certain extent, energy''s excessive consumption can’t bring higher growth of economic, even give the negative influence to the economic growth, therefore, transforming economic growth pattern, modifying industrial structure and improving energy efficiency are useful ways for low-carbon economy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The negative effects of energy consumption and pollution have restrained the Chinese economy from further rapid growth. Therefore to clarify their relationship with economic growth can lay a solid foundation for the decision-making of energy conservation and pollution reduction and ensure the sustainable development of the Chinese economy. Using panel data on the 30 Chinese provinces from 2001 to 2008, this paper builds a 3E model of pollution, energy and production and conducts an empirical study on the interaction between pollutant emission, energy consumption and average GDP. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Energy is a bottleneck, which restrains the development of China''s economy and society. Our government has always been attaching great importance to energy problem. In China, there exist space-time correlation and differences in energy consumption and efficiency among different areas. The purpose of this paper is to study the spatial correlation and heterogeneity in energy consumption among different provinces, as well as the mechanism of the spatial effects of economic growth on energy consumption, energy prices, and population growth by means of constructing Bayesian spatial econometric model. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Low-carbon energy and constraints of resources and environment will increasingly become two important factors inhibiting China''s economic development in the future. According to the relationship and coordinating mechanisms among energy consumption, carbon dioxide emission and economic development, This paper establishes the two-dimensions evaluation indicating system based on balanced. Use data development analysis, through the fact data of some typical provinces in 2009, we make a comprehensive assessment of its historic coordination, analyze the degree of coordination and the reasons for the contradiction, strive to source the dialectical unity from similarities and differences, and finally proposed some political ideas and recommendations on promoting China''s future coordinating development among economy, energy, and environmental. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Under the frame of Total-Factor Energy Efficiency, considering desirable outputs and undesirable outputs taking by energy and related factors, this paper uses super efficiency DEA method to measure energy efficiency of 11 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) in western China from 1989 to 2009, and utilizes fixed effect model of variable intercept to analysis factors of influencing energy efficiency of provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) in western China. The analysis shows that: (1) Under the situation of overall low energy efficiency in western China, in region, energy efficiency level presents the slow rise tendency from the year of 2005 after maintaining certain time interval slow drop. In the region the difference is small. (2) Factors of technical progress, industrial structure, government influence, opening degree, system variable as well as structure of energy consumption have different effects on energy efficiency, and these factors to action mechanism of energy efficiency exist difference. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Under the trend of global warming, the developed countries actively explore for a low-carbon manufacturing way to realize sustainable development. This paper points out the challenges that the China low-carbon manufacturing industry faces through the analysis of emissions of CO2,GDP from 2005 to 2009 and carbon emissions structure in 2010 and the comparison of China energy consumption and the other countries’ as well. Based on the comparative analysis of low-carbon policies of Japan, Germany and the United States, it points out some relevant countermeasures and suggestions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: With the proposed low-carbon economy, there is growing concern about the impact of carbon emissions on global warming. China''s traditional manufacturing is a pillar industry of national economy and its carbon emissions account for a great proportion in the whole country''s carbon emissions. This paper makes a comparative analysis to study the differences between developing countries and china in energy consumption, energy consuming structure, energy consumption per unit of GDP and the proportion of carbon emissions in the world. It also studies the low carbon driving factors of China''s traditional manufacturing and proposes the corresponding countermeasures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Electrification level is a significant topic in energy and electric power planning. The paper sets up a LEAP model and designs three scenarios of economic growth of China, and simulates China''s electrification level by 2030. The results show that China''s electrification level has a larger increase potential in the mid-long term and rapid change of economic development pattern can help to increase the electrification level. By 2015, energy used for power generation will account for 43.3% of total primary energy consumption, while the ratio of electricity consumption to total final energy consumption will be about 23.1%; by 2020, the ratio of energy used for power generation to total primary energy consumption will increase to 44.9%, and the ratio of electricity consumption to final energy consumption will be about 25.6%; by 2030, the ratio of energy used for power generation to total primary energy consumption will be up to 47.2%, and the ratio of electricity consumption to total final energy consumption will reach about 28.9%. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The early study on green architecture had the problem of “high input, low output”, and China is facing the same problem in the development of green architecture. To plumbing the depths of energy-saving architecture, China needs a complete set of industrial policy that is attractive to the industry, schools and research institutes. This paper analyzes the evolving energy policy in Japan, how it utilized a series of regulatory and policy measures, such as law, economic and financial policies, subsidy system and evaluation system, to effectively intervene and promote the gradual development of green architecture, and takes Misawa Home as an example to show the development path of green home in Japan, with the view of providing reference in policy and direction for the sustainable development of green architecture in China. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In order to forecast energy demand in China in the next 20 years, this paper firstly analyzes the current situation of China''s energy consumption, and then apply LEAP model to simulate primary energy and final energy demand in 2020, 2030 under different scenario composition about economic development, energy efficiency and energy structure. The results show that: the total primary energy demand will reach 4840-5070 Mtce in 2020, 5580-5870 Mtce in 2030; the share of coal in primary energy will decrease, and that of oil, natural gas and non-fossil energy sources will increase. For all the three economic growth scenarios, 40-45% carbon emission intensity reduction target can be realized. If non-fossil energy can be further developed, carbon emission intensity can reduce more than 45% by 2020. The goal of the 15% share of non-fuel energy in primary energy is difficult to realize, unless the most development potentials of hydro power, nuclear power and wind power can be reached. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Based on the panel data of three industries in China, this paper calculates the energy rebound effect arising from energy efficiency improvement, by stripping the rebound of energy usage caused by industrial restructuring from model. Results indicate: the similarity between them demonstrating energy efficiency rebound effect as the main component of energy rebound effect; the delayed rebound peak of the secondary industry reflects its lagged respond to changes in energy efficiency; with regard to the peak value in 2009 when calculating the whole nation, author concerns it with the intensification in investment on basic industries and relaxation of restriction over high energy consumption enterprises; the relatively larger value of energy efficiency rebound in China can not be ignored by policy-makers [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The regional condition and natural resources of the Yellow River Delta are superior, but the issues and constrains there are also quite pronounced. So the development of high-efficiency ecological economy is confronted with serious challenges. Take the Yellow River Delta High-efficiency Eco-economic Zone as the evaluation object and at the basis of the analyses of the development situation in the area, the energy consumption and carbon emissions were forecasted and estimated in the paper. The results indicate that the total energy use in 2015 and 2020 would be 1.62 and 2.22 times higher than that in 2009, respectively. The average annual growth rate of carbon emissions is 8.40% from 2009 to 2015 and that would be 6.50% from 2015 to 2020. The amount of carbon emissions of the area in 2015 and 2020 will take up 13.35% and 16.16% of Shandong Province, respectively. Finally, some suggestions were proposed to guarantee the sustainable energy use and the realization of carbon emission reduction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Energy Performance Contracting (EPC) conserves energy as a market-based mechanism in many countries and has demonstrated its efficiency in this respect. EPC has been developing in China rapidly in recent years. The main bottleneck for EPC projects in China lies in the lack of enough and efficient financing. The paper, adopting the method of AHP-Fuzzy evaluation, evaluates the EPC financing bottleneck in China across five sectors, namely, iron and steel, chemical industry, buildings, electricity and energy, and discusses the current financing constraints for these sectors. To enable the rapid development of EPC in China, the policy support should be outlined, and sources of finance should be widened. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Energy intensity is an important indicator to evaluate the coordination of energy-economy-environment system, so reducing energy intensity has become one of the greatest challenges of economy development. In order to study the relation between energy intensity and influential factors of energy intensity in China, a regression equation is used in this paper, using the method of stepwise regression analysis. By introducing the data of real GDP, total energy consumption and energy consumption mix, all data over the period 1990-2008, the regression equation can rationally simulate the energy intensity. Empirical results show that energy structure and energy conversion efficiency have a great impact on energy intensity. In the future, we should raise R&D expenditure on energy technology accounted for the proportion of GDP, optimize energy Structure, upgrade the industry structure and develop the new energy. As the regression equation has a very good simulation results, it can be used to forecast energy intensity of China. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The rapid growth of Chinese economy has tremend-ously stimulated the expansion of energy consumption. The structure of energy consumption in China is featured with the coal domination. Air pollution is becoming increasingly severe and causes enormous economic losses. As a result, we are confronted with the extremely arduous task to balance energy consumption and environmental protection. In order to avoid the situation that its rampant environmental pollution problem will worsen before it gets better, Chinese government has put high emphasis on the problem. The efforts made by Chinese government, including energy consumption structure improve-ment and control measures to air pollution, have been introduced and discussed in this paper. China possesses very abundant renewable energies such as wind, solar, geothermal and tidal. Applications of renewable energies, especially solar energy, can coordinate and improve the relationship between energy consumption and environmental protection. Therefore, Chinese government should make more efforts to set up priority of development for renewable energies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Given the growing stock of household electrical appliances, China is faced with an urgent challenge of management of household appliances massive disposal. Unfortunately, the majority of waste household appliances are now processed in small workshops mainly by manual disassembly and open incineration which are extremely polluting and health-harming in China. In response to the increasing environmental concerns over household appliance end-oflife treatment, The Regulations on the Administration of the Recovery and Disposal of Waste Electrical and Electronic Products (WEEE Regulations), was promulgated in 2009. To discuss the potential benefits from the implementation of the Regulations, a holistic understanding of the waste appliance recycling business and after-endof –life markets is indispensable. This paper presents a life cycle simulation model to evaluate the potential environmental benefits from the improved end-of-life management. The proposed model provides a mathematical description of close-loop lifecycles and yields quantitative results of energy and raw material consumption and waste generation. Then, as a case study, the environmental benefits of household refrigerator recycling and reuse system compliant to the Regulations is analyzed based on comparison of simulation results of two scenarios respectively representing implementing and not implementing of the Regulations. The proposed model is expected to facilitate policy- and decision-making on product recycling and reuse. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Based on 1992-2005 input-output tables at comparable price and using structural decomposition method (SDA), the paper decomposes carbon emissions growth from energy consumption in China into 4 categories of factors: carbon emissions intensity, technology, domestic final demand and trade. Carbon emissions have a trend of accelerated growth and the decisive factor is domestic final demand, not trade. Intensity of carbon emissions plays a significant restrain effect, entirely benefit from energy efficiency, rather than energy substitution. The effect of technical change leads to the growth of carbon emissions, reflecting the technology structure developed towards high energyconsumption and emissions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Using the industrial structure and energy consumption model as an example, this paper is aimed at exploring the relationship between industrial structure and the energy structure of Qingdao City. Studies show that industry, particularly heavy industry is the main component of Qingdao energy consumption. Accordingly, the Qingdao industrial structure should be adjusted; the tertiary industry should be encouraged, so that the proportion of heavy industry can be reduced. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Nowadays, sustainable economic development is the key issue in the world. In this paper, we take Shandong Province as an example to analyze the relationship between energy use, environmental quality and economic development. Through the study, we find that the correlation between nominal income per capita and environmental quality can be shown in Kuznets inverted U-shaped curve. After 2020, with per capita income increasing, total amount of environmental pollutants will decline slowly; The relationship between per capita income and discharge amount of sulfur dioxide is consistent with EKC theory and is shown in inverted U-shaped curve, but the per capita income has no similar pattern with the other three environmental indicators; Although efficiency of energy utilization in Shandong Province increased steadily in recent years, but the rapid economic growth heavily depends on natural resources, and extensive mode of economic growth remains. Irrational industrial structure is the main cause for structural unbalance of energy consumption and environmental degradation in Shandong Province. It is argued that readjusting industrial structure and improving environment system of environmental pollution are the primary issuesin the reform. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Contextual analysis method is used to predict new energy development of Hohhot from 2010 to 2020. Through the structure of different scenarios, we could predict that the new energy in the total energy consumption will reach the proportion of 13.8%, 6.5% and 3% under three different development scenarios by 2020. Then the contextual assessment is carried out and the corresponding policies and measures for the different scenarios are put forward. According to China''s Energy Technology Development Roadmap and the actual situation in Hohhot, this paper recommends the optimal situation of the program and the corresponding policies and measures. Practice shows that the contextual analysis for the prediction and policy formulation will have a practical significance. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper analyzes the energy consumption of Shandong Province by the use of Complete Decomposition Model. We decompose three key factors: economic growth, structure and energy intensity, and study the impact on energy consumption results brought by changes in these variables. The corresponding effect coefficients is compared with national average level to identify the characteristics of energy consumption changes in Shandong and specific effect s of every stage of each factor, providing a scientific basis for the development of energy policy making. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper, through analyzing aggregate economic volume and economic structure, distinguishes the influencing factors in fulfilment of the objective that non-fossil energy accounts for 15% of total national energy consumption. Potential of renewable energy resources are surveyed. Simulations of China''s total energy consumption in 2020 are made on difference growth rate assumptions. The feasibility of industrial restructuring is inspected regarding the energy consumption. Policy suggestions are made to achieve the structural objective by 2020. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: From the time of reform and opening up, China''s rapid economic growth attracts worldwide attention, which also brings the accompanying problems that high energy consumption, high pollution and high emission are more prominent. Therefore, the low carbon economy development model has become an inevitable choice for China''s sustainable economic development. However, the stage of economic development is insurmountable and the continuing growth and the disadvantaging structure of energy consumption will become a serious obstacle for China''s low-carbon economy. Selecting the relevant data from 1980 to 2009, and using not only Hebei Province as its study area but also the whole country as its reference region, this paper analyzes the relationship between the changes in energy consumption structure and the carbon emissions in Hebei Province, and basing on which predicts the energy consumption and carbon emissions in the future in order to provide policy recommendations for the optimization of energy consumption structure, the upgrade of industrial structure, and the development of carbon economy [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Energy is the essential material for human survival, and it is the important resource for economic development and social progress. Making a reasonable and reliable development plan by forecasting the energy consumption scientifically and effectively can ensure economic healthily and orderly developing. The combination forecast method based on inducted ordered weighted average operator is used widely in these years. The difference between this model and the traditional combination forecast method is that the empowerment coefficient of the combination forecast has nothing to do with the monomial prediction model, but it is closely related to forecast precision''s size of the monomial prediction model at each time-point, it is an invariable empowerment method. In this paper we adopt the time series tendency forecast model and the gray system GM (1, 1) forecast model in order to analysis the energy consumption of the Hebei Province; then, it introduces the energy consumption combination forecast model based on the IOWA operator. Empirical analysis indicates that this model can enhance the forecast precision of the combination and it is an effective combination forecast method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Emission inventories are important tools for monitoring air quality and assisting the policies in urban areas. This paper estimates Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Chongqing''s CO2 emissions of energy consumption and carbon intensity of the economic activities in 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2004-2007 based on the method recommended by IPCC. The results show that the coal combustion is the leading cause of total CO2 emission from energy consumption, occupied over 60% of total CO2 emission of fuels. But the share of CO2 emission from coal is descending gradually because of energy consumption restructuring. In addition, the four mega-cities’ carbon intensity of the economic activities, which is the low Carbon Economy index, is improving persistently. These results imply that China''s CO2 emission in the future may not become as high as expected but improve with time. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The composition of energy resource consumption reflects the reliance on energy resources of a country and trends in consumption. In this paper we analyze the characteristics of energy resource consumption in China by comparing China''s consumption composition with that of other countries and studying recent trends in internal energy resource consumption in China. Although new energy resources have been developed and utilized to some degree, energy resource consumption will mainly rely on fossil fuel for several decades. Therefore, increasing the proportion of oil and natural gas consumption is an effective means for decreasing environmental pollution caused by the overall consumption of fossil fuels, which currently consists primarily of coal. The increasing demand for oil and natural gas can bring China''s petroleum exploration and development good opportunities but there are challenges that must be faced. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Pricing mechanism is the core of power reform. The NDRC proposed to execute SPM for the living power in October 2010, which met widespread criticisms. An effective SPT is a reasonable, transparent, and stable mechanism, which should impel residents to utilize electricity reasonably, have fully taken economic ability into consideration, and comply with the increasing living standards. To the imperfections of guiding SPM, this paper put forward a SPM, which divides the grads based on the resident living standards, uses the price cap as the early grad pricing method, and regards the improvement of electricity use efficiency as the purpose. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In last 20 years, rapid economic growth and the process of industrialization in China had resulted in large scale energy consumption and environment degradation. Usually the heavy and chemical industries, especially energy industries will grow increasingly at this stage of industrialization. Intense researches have paid more attention to the effects of energy consumption on environment, but little to the pollution from energy production. This paper focuses on the emissions from energy production when the energy industries are developing and the measures involved controlling the pollution. It is concluded that the factors those have significant effects on pollution emissions are industrial value added, concentration, scale of industries, average scale of enterprises, technological improvement, and environmental regulations. Moreover, some regulation and industrial development policies have been suggested. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, sequential data for 1990-2009 in China is used to conduct empirical analysis of impact of China''s fixed assets investment increase on ecological environment. The results show that China''s fixed asset investment has longterm stable correlation with economic growth, energy consumption, industrial wastewater and solid waste emissions. China''s rapid growth in fixed asset investment, particularly irrational investment structure is important reason for severely damaged ecological environment; Economic growth and high energy consump tion cause the same impact on deterioration of the ecological environment. Therefore, control of investment in fixed asset and development of energy saving and green economy is the key in the further reform. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper decomposes Jiangsu energy consumption intensity change from 1998-2008. And the energy consumption intensity is decomposed into FDI scale effect, FDI structure effect and FDI technology effect, using LMDI model. Decomposition and analysis results show that FDI scale effect reduces the energy consumption intensity. FDI structure and technology effect fluctuates and do not promote the reduction of energy consumption intensity, on the whole. Therefore, to reduce the energy consumption intensity of Jiangsu Province, we suggest that while expanding FDI scale, we should adopt unified energy-saving and emission-reducing requirements to FDI enterprises and domestic ones. Meanwhile, we should increase the foreign investment proportion in the technology-intensive industries and encourage FDI enterprises to use and exchange advanced energy-saving technologies. Moreover, we should adjust the distribution industry structure of FDI to optimize the industrial structure adjustment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Based on Cointegration Analysis and the state space model, this paper empirically analyzes the Yangtze River Delta energy consumption and economic growth based on 1990-2008 data. The results show: According to the cointegration analysis, the Yangtze River Delta economic growth and energy consumption exists long-term equilibrium .the current period of economic growth has been influenced by this period energy consumption and the amount of the previous period of economic growth, and the economic growth have the ability of 29.98% of the autorepair capacity. in all,we can conclude three enlightenment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Zhejiang is a major province of energy consumption, but poor in energy resources. The inherent and complete dependence on importing energy makes energy security extremely difficult, which draws more attention to the energy conservation in Zhejiang. A great many factors of which the relations are complex affect the energy conservation. By introducing System Dynamics analysis, which has a unique advantage of analyzing the multiple and complex feedback system, this paper aims to analyze energy conservation in Zhejiang, and finally comes to some conclusions of values towards governments’ policies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Based on the low carbon economy and the theory of grey correlation, the paper puts forward that the industrial development in Jiangsu has been associated with energy consumption in large sum and the high energy -consuming industries is still taking up a large proportion. The correlation between the energy consumption of major industrial enterprises and the “three wastes” emissions is large. Besides, the energy consumption has significant influence on the environmental quality. By analyzing the environment and resource bottleneck on the development of the manufacturing in Jiangsu, it puts forward a series of sustainable development strategy for the promotion of the manufacturing. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of RIUDS [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Although EPC has been used in energy conservation for many years in developed countries, its still a new industry in China. This paper reviews the development of ESCos in developed countries and discusses the current status of ESCO industries in China. Then it analyses the benefits and drawbacks of different EPC mode and an implementation program of energy-efficient lighting in a university is proposed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Based on the definition of carbon footprint and elements that affect it, a model was constructed for empirical research, using data of cities in Hunan Province from 2005 to 2009, to calculate the amount of carbon footprint and to analyze the relationships between carbon footprint and each of the elements, including population, level of economic development, industrial structure and energy structure. In addition, this paper also puts forward solutions to further low-carbon development of Hunan Province in the areas of low-carbon development mechanism energy structure low carbon life style and talent development. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In view of the complexity and nonlinear characteristics of Chinese energy consumption system, this paper respectively makes use of neural network, grey forecast and time series to construct models depending on historical data of Chinese energy consumption. According to standard deviation method, suited weight is distributed to the prediction of each individual model, and a combination forecasting model is established. Finally, the combination model is applied to predict Chinese energy consumption in the following six years. The results show that Chinese energy consumption will be 4.21 billion tons of standard coal in the year of 2015. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper uses two methods LMDI and Laspeyres to analysis the influences the industrial structure has on energy consumption,including how much the three industries have contribution to energy intensity .The results we conclude are:1) Economy has a strong stimulating effect on energy consumption;2)The effect of improving energy efficiency by using science and technology is significant in Guangdong province, especially in the secondary industry; 3) The secondary industry plays a positive role in reducing energy intensity, and the advantages of the tertiary industry isn’t displayed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]