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Abstract: The numerical modeling of High Temperature Air Combustion (HTAC) could correctly predict the flame and emission characteristics so far, however, the precision is not satisfactory. In this paper, a parameter-modified Eddy-Break-Up (EBU) model with a three-step reaction scheme was used to simulate the HTAC process in a furnace of 2m ×2m×6.25m. Reynolds stress model (RSM) is used for the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. Comparison between experimental data from published papers, the original and modified EBU combustion models demonstrates that a smaller coefficient ‘A’ in the volumetric fuel consumption rate of the EBU model could improve the modelling precision. When ‘A’ is modified to be 1 other than its original value, 4, in the EBU model, the modeling could give improved results of the local distribution of CH4, temperature and NO emission. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A control method to make the chaotic gait converge to a stable cycle gait is proposed for the biped robot with knees. This control method is called adaptive excitation control. It is based on the principle of bionics and the principle of self-excited. The control law is a combination of sinusoidal input and sensory feedback control. The control torque is only inputted into the robot''s hip. Therefore, the walking process is low energy consuming. Simulation results show that the control method proposed in this paper is effective. It can enlarge the basin of attraction of limit cycle and increase the gait stability. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The whole Electric Power System includes three aspects: Generation, Transmission and Distribution that all need maintenance to enhance system reliability and energy efficiency. Most unit maintenance scheduling (MS) packages consider preventive maintenance scheduling for generating units over one or two years time horizon in order to minimize the total operation costs while satisfying system energy requirements. The inclusion of network constraints in generating unit maintenance will increase the complexity of the problem. This paper mainly considers the generation maintenance scheduling taking into account the system security and reliability indices. For more realistic study transmission, security constraints as well as crew constraints and system reliability indices such as amount of not supplied energy are considered for the proposed maintenance scheduling problem. General Algebraic Modelling System (GAMS) is the utilized for solving optimization problem. An IEEE 24 bus test system is employed for simulation and show the accuracy of results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Smart energy system is very large energy system that consists of the windmill, solar panel, heat pump, airconditioning system, solar thermal panel and so on. To develop efficient smart energy system, it is very important to investigate how to manage the total energy utilization of the total smart energy system. But it is difficult to examine the energy management only with experiment. The simulation is promising technology for the development of the energy management of the smart energy systems. But as this system is too large, we can’t analyze this system, unless we analyze this system rationally. Therefore we have established the modular analysis theory that can analyze the large scale energy system. This paper introduces this theory and using this theory, we have developed the energy system analyzing simulator that is called “Energy Flow +M”. This simulator has been already opened for the worldwide through Internet. This simulator is expected to be used for the energy saving of the total energy systems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A scheme of Simulation Traction Load (STL) with regenerative braking based on back-to-back dual PWM converters is proposed in this paper. The main function of AC/DC section is simulating traction load with specified characteristic employing current hysteresis control methods. Under the control of the current inner loop and voltage outer loop, the DC/AC section can feed the energy from DC/AC section back to power system. The feed-back energy can be supplied to other customers. It is proved that the proposed scheme simulates measured traction load well when measured load is considered as given load. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, we propose a low-power true single-phase-clock (TSPC) based domino logic circuit design. Compared to using three clock transistors in the conventional TSPC-based scheme, the proposed circuit only requires two transistors. As a result, the clock load capacitance is reduced, leading to low power consumption in the clock distribution network. A keeper design to solve charge sharing is also demonstrated. Simulation results using 90nm and 45nm CMOS technologies are provided and iscussed, respectively, which illustrate power saving as compared to conventional design not only when the input logic is active but also when the input logic is held to zero. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Nowadays, distributed generations (DGs) have taken a special role in power systems. Distributed generations have received significant attention as a means to improve the performance of the electrical power system, provide low cost energy, and increase overall energy efficiency. A problem with such generators is the unwanted islanding phenomenon. Islanding detection an important and challenging issue to power engineers. Several methods based on passive and active detection scheme have been proposed in the literature. While passive schemes have a large non detection zone (_DZ), concern has been raised on active method due to its degrading power quality effect. In this paper, a new technique to detect islanding conditions has been proposed for micro turbine (MT) as distributed generation. The performance of the proposed method based on passive methods is much more appropriate than that of previous methods. The simulation results performed in Simulink-MATLAB, clearly show improved operation of this method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: During the past few decades,underwater acoustic communications become a rapidly growing field of research and engineering as applications, which once were exclusively military, and now are extending into commercial fields. Underwater Acoustic Networks (UAN) are generally formed by acoustically connected ocean bottom sensor nodes, automatic underwater vehicles, and surface stations that serve as gateway and provide radio communication links to on-shore stations [1]. One major challenge in the UAN area of research is the development of a networking protocol to minimize the power consumption and to reduce the impact of temporal, spatial and frequency spreading of the signal that transmits through the shallow water channel. This paper proposes the data link layer protocols of a shallow-water acoustic network and simulates it. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Smart grid has been a significant development trend of power system. Within smart grid, microgrids share the burden of traditional grids, reduce energy consumption cost and alleviate environment deterioration. This paper proposes a dynamic Demand Response (DR) and Distributed Generation (DG) management approach in the context of smart microgrid for a residential community. With a dynamic update mechanism, the DR operates automatically and allows manual interference. The DG management coordinates with DR and considers stochastic elements, such as stochastic load and wind power, to reduce the energy consumption cost of the community. Simulation and numerical results show the effectiveness of the system on reducing the energy consumption cost while keeping users’ satisfaction at a high level. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper presents a theoretical and experimental framework based on dynamics to model and analyze energy efficient distributed storage systems. A dynamics analysis model based on Cellular Automata (CA), called DSSCA, is proposed to evaluate distributed Object-based Storage (OBS) systems. DSSCA can have either finite or infinite size with high scalability. Each node represents an Object-based Device (OSD) and can communicate with the neighbor nodes autonomously and perform tasks independently without a centralized control. Moreover, simple energy efficient rules can be adopted by each node and then global behaviors emerge from the evolution and interaction of multiple individuals. To evaluate the intelligence of the system to changes of external behaviors, we proposed a heuristic power-aware mechanism. Each node has a write request queue, the length of which changes dynamically with access intensity and node throughput. In the simulation, we observe an appropriate threshold could both guarantee performance and save power. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Given the growing stock of household electrical appliances, China is faced with an urgent challenge of management of household appliances massive disposal. Unfortunately, the majority of waste household appliances are now processed in small workshops mainly by manual disassembly and open incineration which are extremely polluting and health-harming in China. In response to the increasing environmental concerns over household appliance end-oflife treatment, The Regulations on the Administration of the Recovery and Disposal of Waste Electrical and Electronic Products (WEEE Regulations), was promulgated in 2009. To discuss the potential benefits from the implementation of the Regulations, a holistic understanding of the waste appliance recycling business and after-endof –life markets is indispensable. This paper presents a life cycle simulation model to evaluate the potential environmental benefits from the improved end-of-life management. The proposed model provides a mathematical description of close-loop lifecycles and yields quantitative results of energy and raw material consumption and waste generation. Then, as a case study, the environmental benefits of household refrigerator recycling and reuse system compliant to the Regulations is analyzed based on comparison of simulation results of two scenarios respectively representing implementing and not implementing of the Regulations. The proposed model is expected to facilitate policy- and decision-making on product recycling and reuse. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper presents an investigation of a direct evaporative air cooler (DEAC) under Algerian climate, at the city of BECHAR. We carried out the theory and design of the DEAC. Simulation is done for an evaporative air cooler for three successive months June, July and August under TRNSYS environment. Measured weather data of the selected site are generated by METEONORM software. Result showed that the maximum depression of the dry bulb temperature reached is about 18.86°C and the Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) is calculated. Evaporative cooling equipments work well in the hot and arid southern regions, which constitute practically the two third of the country. They have no impact whatsoever on the environment. Energy consumption is much less than in classical air conditioning units this is why these systems can be powered by solar photovoltaic panels. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper takes Jiangsu province as an example, divides the zone of energy risks and uses GM (1, 1) and the combination of BP network model to forecast energy demand in this region.Finally, we adopt ARCEngine secondary development achieving the system simulation, and putting forward a strategic suggestion on energy problem of Jiangsu province. The study provides the scientific data support for making energy policy rationally, reducing the increasingly prominent phenomenon of energy demand and offer support for different levels in different departments. It can provide the scientific basis for risk prevention and comprehensive risk management plan. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of RIUDS [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: According to the industry ecology theory, in the simulating flowing way between substance and energy in the nature ecology, to design the industrial production systems can use less resource reasonably and reduce emissions. As the most important large iron & steel enterprise in Inner Mongolia, applying the theory of industrial ecology, the Baogang Group gains great achievement in energy saving and emission reduction in recent years. Based on the industrial ecology theory, this paper mainly analyzes the practice of energy-saving and ejection-decreasing of the BaoGang Group. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]